מְרֹרִים merorim (H4472) literally means “bitters” but most commonly translated as “bitter herbs” where the word “herbs” is always added by the translator. These “herbs” are most likely not culinary herbs at all, but salad greens like chicory, endive, sorrel, dandelion, and even old types of lettuces. All these were found widely distributed in their natural state in Egypt. Watercress is included by some experts as a bitter herb. In Europe, at modern Jewish Passover feasts, horseradish is allowed, but this certainly could not have been used in the time of Moses.
