עֵד ed (H5707) literally means “to repeat” in the sense that a witness is a person who recounts an event to another person. עֵד ed is equivalent to μάρτυς martys (G3144) simply means to be a witness who can provide a testimony as evidence of something they have seen (cf. Numbers 35:30; Deuteronomy 17:6-7; Deuteronomy 19:15). A false witness (pseudomartyreō G5576) is a crime punishable by death (cf. Exodus 20:16; Deuteronomy 5:20; Deuteronomy 19:16-21)
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