Study Notes Week 20

Torah Study Notes for Week 20 of the Torah Reading Cycle

Read
Aloud together to hear the Word (Leviticus 23:1-3; Nehemiah 8:1-4; Luke 4:16-17)

  • Torah (T): Bereshiyt (Genesis) 20:1-18
  • Prophets (P): Isaiah 61:1-10
  • Apostolic (A): Galatians 3:15-29
  • Additional (ADD): Jubilees 16:10-11

Bereshiyt (Genesis) 20:1-18

20:1 Abraham traveled from there toward the land of the South, and lived between Kadesh and Shur. He sojourned in Gerar. 2 Abraham said about Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. 3 But Elohim came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is married to a husband.” 4 Now Abimelech had not come near her. He said, “Lord, will you kill even a righteous nation? 5 Didn't he tell me, ‘She is my sister'? She, even she herself, said, ‘He is my brother.' I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands.” 6 [The Elohim](MTT) said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know that in the integrity of your heart you have done this, and I also withheld you from sinning against me. Therefore I didn't allow you to touch her. 7 Now therefore, return the man's wife. For he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you will live. If you don't return her, know for sure that you will die, you, and all who are yours.” 8 Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ear. [All](LXX) the men were very scared. 9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said to him, “What have you done to us? How have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my reign a great sin? You have done deeds to me that ought not to be done!” 10 Abimelech said to Abraham, “What did you see, that you have done this thing?” 11 Abraham said, “Because I thought, ‘Surely the fear of Elohim is not in this place. They will kill me for my wife's sake.' 12 Besides, she is indeed my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. 13 When Elohim caused me to wander from my father's house, I said to her, ‘This is your kindness which you shall show to me. Everywhere that we go, say of me, “He is my brother.” ' ” 14 Abimelech took [a thousand double-drachmas,](LXX) sheep, and cattle, male servants and maids, and gave them to Abraham, and returned Sarah, his wife, to him. 15 Abimelech said, “Behold, my land is before you. Dwell where it pleases you.” 16 To Sarah he said, "Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. Behold, it is for you a covering of the eyes to all that are with you. In front of all you are vindicated." 17 Abraham prayed to [the Elohim].(MTT) So Elohim healed Abimelech, his wife, and his maids, and they bore. 18 For [Elohim](LXX) had closed up tight all the bowels of the house of Abimelech, upon the word of Sarah, Abraham's wife.

Torah Portion Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

  1. Note: The entire chapter of Genesis 18 and Genesis 19, the name YHWH is not actually used. Though the Masoretic Text uses the name YHWH, it was not in the original Hebrew. How do we know this? Because the Masoretic text was finalized around 1,000 A.D. in the 10th century, about 1,200 years after the Septuagint, so the Masoretic text was not based on the original Hebrew text. On the other hand, the Septuagint was made for the Jewish community in Egypt in the 3rd century B.C. when Greek was the common language throughout the region. According to the Letter of Aristeas, the Septuagint was translated at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–247 B.C.E) by 70 Jewish scholars or, according to later tradition, 72, with six scholars from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, who independently produced identical translations. Analysis of the language has established that the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible), was translated from the original Hebrew to Greek near the middle of the 3rd century B.C. and that the rest of the Books (Joshua through 2 Chronicles) was translated in the 2nd century B.C. The Septuagint (from the Latin: septuāgintā literally “seventy”; often abbreviated as 70 in Roman numerals, i.e., LXX) is the earliest extant Koine Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures and was in wide use by the time of Yeshua and his disciples because most Jews could no longer read Hebrew. For this reason it is frequently quoted in the Gospels and writings of the Apostles.  The miraculous character of the Aristeas legend indicates the esteem in which the translation was held in the ancient Jewish diaspora and, later, among followers of Yeshua.
  2. Genesis 20:1 Abraham traveled from there toward the land of the South, and lived between Kadesh and Shur. He sojourned in Gerar.
  3. Genesis 20:2 Abraham said about Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah.
  4. Genesis 20:3-5 But Elohim came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is married to a husband.” 4 Now Abimelech had not come near her. He said, “Lord, will you kill even a righteous nation? 5 Didn’t he tell me, ‘She is my sister’? She, even she herself, said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands.”
  5. Genesis 20:6 [The Elohim](MTT) said to him in the dream,
    1. Deuteronomy 32:8-9 When the Most High gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the [sons of Elohim].(DSS)(LXX) 9 For the portion of YHWH is his people. Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.
    2. The 72 Nations of Genesis 10:1-32 Now this is the history of the generations of the sons of Noaḥ̣ and of Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Sons were born to them after the flood.
      1. The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, 
      2. Magog, 
      3. Madai, 
      4. Javan, 
      5. Tubal, 
      6. Meshech, and 
      7. Tiras. 
      8. The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, 
      9. Riphath, and
      10. Togarmah.
      11. The sons of Javan were: Elishah, 
      12. Tarshish, 
      13. Kittim, and 
      14. [Rodanim].(LXX) Of these were the islands of the nations divided in their lands, everyone after his language, after their families, in their nations. 
      15. The sons of Ham were: Cush, 
      16. Mizraim, 
      17. Put, and 
      18. Canaan. 
      19. The sons of Cush were: Seba, 
      20. Havilah, 
      21. Sabtah, 
      22. Raamah, and 
      23. Sabteca. 
      24. The sons of Raamah were: Sheba and 
      25. Dedan. 
      26. Cush became the father of Nimrod. He began to be a [giant](LXX) in the land. 9 He was a [giant hunter](LXX)to the face of [Elohim].(LXX) Therefore it is said, “like Nimrod, a [giant hunter](LXX) to the face of [Elohim]”.(LXX) 10 The beginning of his reign was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. 11 Out of that land he went into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, 12 and Resen between Nineveh and the great city Calah. 
      27. Mizraim became the father of Ludim, 
      28. Anamim, 
      29. Lehabim, 
      30. Naphtuhim, 
      31. Pathrusim, 
      32. Casluhim, which the Philistines descended from, and 
      33. Caphtorim.
      34. Canaan became the father of Sidon his firstborn, 
      35. Heth,
      36. the Jebusites, 
      37. the Amorites, 
      38. the Girgashites, 
      39. the Hivites, 
      40. the Arkites, 
      41. the Sinites,
      42. the Arvadites, 
      43. the Zemarites, and
      44. the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were scattered abroad. 19 The border of the Canaanites was from Sidon—as you go toward Gerar—to Gaza—as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim—to Lasha. 20 These are the sons of Ham, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands and their nations. 
      45. Sons were also born to Shem, the elder brother of Japheth, the father of all the sons of Eber. 22 The sons of Shem were: 
      46. Elam, 
      47. Asshur, 
      48. Arpachshad, 
      49. Lud, and 
      50. Aram. 
      51. The sons of Aram were: Uz, 
      52. Hul, 
      53. Gether, and 
      54. Mash. 
      55. Arpachshad became the father of [Cainan.](LXX)
      56. [And Cainan became the father of](LXX) Shelah. 
      57. Shelah became the father of Eber. 
      58. To Eber were born two sons. The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the land was divided. 
      59. His brother’s name was Joktan. 
      60. Joktan became the father of Almodad, 
      61. Sheleph, 
      62. Hazarmaveth, 
      63. Jerah, 
      64. Hadoram, 
      65. Uzal, 
      66. Diklah, 
      67. Obal, 
      68. Abimael, 
      69. Sheba, 
      70. Ophir, 
      71. Havilah, and 
      72. Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan. 30 Their dwelling extended from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east. 31 These are the sons of Shem, by their families, according to their languages, lands, and nations.
        These are the families of the sons of Noaḥ̣, by their generations, according to their nations. The nations divided from these in the land after the flood.
    3. The 70 Shepherds of Enoch 90:20-27 and Enoch 89:51-76
    4. The Septuagint was made for the Jewish community in Egypt when Greek was the common language throughout the region. According to the Letter of Aristeas, the Septuagint was translated at the request of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285–247 B.C.E) by 70 Jewish scholars or, according to later tradition, 72, with six scholars from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, who independently produced identical translations.
    5. Targum Can you indeed so requite the Name of the Word of the Lord, O foolish people, and receive the law, yet not be made wise? Is He not your Father who bought you, who created you and established you? [JERUSALEM. Do you return this before the Lord, O people foolish and unwise? Is He not your Father who is in heaven, who bought you? He created and founded you.] Remember the days of old; consider the years of every generation; read the books of the law, and they will teach you, and the books of the prophets, and they will tell you. [JERUSALEM. Be mindful of the days, the days of old, consider the years of one generation and another; ask your fathers who are greater in the law than you, and they will teach you, the sages, and they will tell you.] When the Most High made allotment of the world unto the nations which proceeded from the sons of Noach, in the separation of the writings and languages of the children of men at the time of the division, He cast the lot among the seventy angels, the princes of the nations with whom is the revelation to oversee the city, even at that time He established the limits of the nations according to the sum of the number of the seventy souls of Israel who went down into Mizraim. [JERUSALEM. When the Most High divided the nations by lot, and distinguished the languages of the children of men, He appointed the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the tribes of the Beni Israel.]
      1. Genesis 46:27 The sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, were two souls. All the souls of the house of Jacob, who came into Egypt, were seventy[-five].(LXX)
  6. Genesis 20:6-7 …“Yes, I know that in the integrity of your heart you have done this, and I also withheld you from sinning against me. Therefore I didn’t allow you to touch her. 7 Now therefore, return the man’s wife. For he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you will live. If you don’t return her, know for sure that you will die, you, and all who are yours.”
    1. Commonly translated as “prophet” נָבִיא navi (H5030) literally means “seed inside” and is represented by fruit, since fruit hides the seeds inside it (cf. Luke 8:11). A prophet is one who announces or utters the words or instructions of Elohim received through a vision or dream. Prophets are men or women (cf. Exodus 15:20; Judges 4:4; 2 Kings 22:14) moved by the Holy Spirit (cf. 2 Peter 1:21) to speak the words of God they receive through a vision, dream, or directly spoken by God whereby He puts His words in their mouth (cf. Numbers 12:6; Deuteronomy 18:18). “He who prophesies speaks to men for their edification, exhortation, and consolation…that the assembly may be built up (cf. 1 Corinthians 14:3-5). Because the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets, two or at most three prophets in the Assembly can prophesy one by one, while the others discern. If a revelation is made to another prophet sitting by, the first prophet is to keep silent. This is so all may learn and all may be exhorted (cf. 1 Corinthians 14:29-33).
    2. What does it mean to “pray”?
      1. Depending on the translation of the Bible, the word “pray/prayer” is used at least 267 times, not to mention the derivatives and synonyms of the word. However, there are at least 12 different Hebrew words in the Torah, Prophets, and Writings (Tanakh) translated uniformly as “pray/prayer” and 2 different Greek words in the Apostolic Scriptures (Matthew – Revelation) translated uniformly as “pray/prayer” for a combined 1,196 times in the entire Bible. The study at https://thecord.life/topic/prayer/ breaks down the meaning of each word and the verses associated with them.
      2. פָּלַל palal (H6419) Used 84 Times in the Tanakh. 3rd most behind:
        1. נָא na (H4994) Used 403 Times in the Tanakh. Translated as, please, now, beseech, oh, or “I pray thee”, נָא na is a pleading for what is desired. Hosanna = Hoshi’ana (H3467 + H4994) means, “Save, now!” or “Save, I pray thee!” See Genesis 12:11-13; Isaiah 1:18; Psalms 7:9; Matthew 14:30; Matthew 21:9, 15
        2. שָׁאַל sha’al (H7592) Used 176 Times in the Tanakh – Literally means “to draw out”. When making a request, שָׁאַל sha’al means to draw out something that is not known. When asking, שָׁאַל sha’al means to seek to understand what is not known. Genesis 24:47; Isaiah 7:11; Psalms 2:8; Psalms 122:6; Matthew 7:7-11; 1 John 3:22; 1 John 5:14; 1 John 5:16
        3. פָּלַל palal (H6419) Literally means “speak to authority” in the sense of coming to one in authority to intercede on one’s own behalf or for another (sometimes translated as “judge” or “judgment”). See Genesis 20:7; 1 Samuel 1:10; Psalms 5:2; Matthew 5:44.
        4. תְּפִלָּה tephillah (H8605) Used 77 Times in the Tanakh. A feminine noun and derivative of  פָּלַל palal (H6419) and means to intercede on one’s own behalf or for another.
  7. Genesis 20:8 Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ear. [All](LXX) the men were very scared.
  8. Genesis 20:9-10 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said to him, “What have you done to us? How have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my reign a great sin? You have done deeds to me that ought not to be done!” 10 Abimelech said to Abraham, “What did you see, that you have done this thing?”
  9. Genesis 20:11-13 Abraham said, “Because I thought, ‘Surely the fear of Elohim is not in this place. They will kill me for my wife’s sake.’ 12 Besides, she is indeed my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. 13 When Elohim caused me to wander from my father’s house, I said to her, ‘This is your kindness which you shall show to me. Everywhere that we go, say of me, “He is my brother.” ‘ ”
    1. Genesis Apocryphon 1Q20 Column 19 …I, Abraham built and altar (at Bethel) and called to God, praising him. I then went to the Holy mountain and to Hebron where I lived for two years. Because there was famine in the land my family and I traveled to Egypt where grain was plentiful. I went across the branches of the Nile to enter Egypt, the land of the sons of Ham. I had a dream about a cedar tree and a date-palm tree. When people came to cut down the cedar tree, the date-palm tree objected, saying that they were grown from a single root. The cedar tree was spared. I became fearful of the dream and told it to my wife. I explained it as it pertained to us telling Sarah that the men will come for her and try to kill me. I warned Sarah that she must tell everyone that I am her brother so that my life can be spared…
  10. Genesis 20:14-15 Abimelech took [a thousand double-drachmas,](LXX) sheep, and cattle, male servants and maids, and gave them to Abraham, and returned Sarah, his wife, to him. 15 Abimelech said, “Behold, my land is before you. Dwell where it pleases you.”
  11. Genesis 20:16 To Sarah he said, “Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. Behold, it is for you a covering of the eyes to all that are with you. In front of all you are vindicated.”
    1. “These will be to you for the value of your person, and to all the women with you; and you speak the truth in all things.”(LXX)
  12. Genesis 20:17 Abraham prayed to [the Elohim].(MTT) So Elohim healed Abimelech, his wife, and his maids, and they bore. 18 For [Elohim](LXX) had closed up tight all the bowels of the house of Abimelech, upon the word of Sarah, Abraham’s wife.

Prophets Portion Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

Isaiah 61:1-10
  1. Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of [the Lord](DSS)(LXX) YHWH is on me, because [he](LXX)  has anointed me to preach good news to the humble. He has sent me to bind up the broken hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and [recovering of sight to the blind]*,(DSS)(LXX)
    1. *The Masoretic text reads, “release to those who are bound”, however, both the Septuagint (LXX) and Dead Sea Scrolls from 250 B.C. and earlier read, “recovery of sight to the blind,” and matches Luke’s quotation of this verse in Luke 4:18.
    2. Good News or Gospel = בָּשַׂר basar (H1319) comes from a root word that means “to report” and is concretely represented as “flesh” because when good news was brought a feast with flesh, or meat, was prepared. In ancient times, meat was primarily eaten on special occasions such as a holiday feast, the arrival of guests, or whenever an event occurs that requires a celebration. בָּשַׂר basar is translated as to bear news or tidings (cf. Isaiah 61:1; Luke 4:18), of a messenger (cf. 1 Samuel 4:17); publish (cf. 2 Samuel 1:20); preach (Psalm 40:9); and show forth (cf. Psalm 96:2). בָּשַׂר basar is equivalent to εὐαγγέλιον euangelion (G2098) which means “good news” or “good tidings” and is used 3 times in the Greek Old Testament (cf. 2 Samuel 4:10; 2 Samuel 18:20,25).
  2. Isaiah 61:2 to proclaim the year of the favor of YHWH and the day of vengeance of our Elohim, to comfort all who mourn, 3 to provide for those who mourn in Zion, to give to them a garland for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness, that they may be called trees of righteousness, the planting of YHWH, that he may be decorated. 4 They will rebuild the old ruins. They will raise up the former devastated places. They will repair the ruined cities that have been devastated for many generations. 5 Strangers will stand and feed your flocks. Foreigners will work your fields and your vineyards. 6 But you will be called the priests of YHWH. Men will call you the servants of our Elohim. You will eat the wealth of the nations. You will boast in their glory. 7 Instead of your shame you will have double. Instead of dishonor, they will rejoice in their portion. Therefore in their land they will possess double. Everlasting joy will be to them. 8 “For I, YHWH, love justice. I hate robbery and iniquity. I will give them their reward in truth and I will make an everlasting covenant with them. 9 Their seed will be known among the nations, and their seed among the peoples. All who see them will acknowledge them, that they are the seed which YHWH has blessed.” 10 I will greatly rejoice in YHWH! My soul will be joyful in my Elohim, for he has clothed me with the garments of salvation. He has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself with a garland and as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.
  3. Luke 4:14-21 Yeshua returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and news about him spread through all the surrounding area. 15 He taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all. 16 He came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. He entered, as was his custom, into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and stood up to read. 17 The scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to him. He opened the scroll, and found the place where it was written, 18 “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to heal the broken hearted, to proclaim release to the captives, recovering of sight to the blind, to deliver those who are crushed, 19 and to proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.” (cf. Isaiah 61:1-2) 20 He closed the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down. The eyes of all in the synagogue were fastened on him. 21 He began to tell them, “Today, this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.”
  4. Matthew 11:1-6 When Yeshua had finished directing his twelve disciples, he departed from there to teach and proclaim in their cities. 2 Now when Yochanan heard in the prison the works of Messiah, he sent two of his disciples 3 and said to him, “Are you he who comes, or should we look for another?” 4 Yeshua answered them, “Go and tell Yochanan the things which you hear and see: 5 the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, (cf. Isaiah 35:5) the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them. (cf. Isaiah 61:1-4) 6 Blessed is he who finds no occasion for stumbling in me.”
    1. Evangelist is from Greek εὐαγγελιστής euangelistes (G2099) “preacher of the gospel,” literally “bringer of good news,” from euangelizesthai “bring good news,” from eu- “good” (see eu-) + angellein “announce,” from angelos “messenger” (angel).
  5. Luke 7:18-23 The disciples of Yochanan told him about all these things. 19 Yochanan, calling to himself two of his disciples, sent them to Yeshua, saying, “Are you the one who is coming, or should we look for another?” 20 When the men had come to him, they said, “Yochanan the Immerser has sent us to you, saying, ‘Are you he who comes, or should we look for another?’ ” 21 In that hour he cured many of diseases and plagues and evil spirits; and to many who were blind he gave sight. 22 Yeshua answered them, “Go and tell Yochanan the things which you have seen and heard: that the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them. 23 Blessed is he who finds no occasion for stumbling in me.”
    1. מִכְשׁוֹל michshol (H4383) comes from a root which means “to topple someone or something into ruins” and used metaphorically to cause someone to sin or lose their faith and trust in something, especially Elohim. מִכְשׁוֹל michshol  is equivalent to the Greek word σκανδαλίζω skandalizō (G4624) to put a stumbling block or impediment in the way, upon which another may trip and fall, metaphorically to offend; to entice to sin; to cause a person to begin to distrust and desert one whom he ought to trust and obey.
    2. Leviticus 19:14-15 You shall not belittle the deaf, nor put a stumbling block before the blind; but you shall fear your Elohim. I am YHWH. 15 You shall do no injustice in judgment. You shall not be partial to the poor, nor show favoritism to the great; but you shall judge your neighbor in righteousness.
  6. Matthew 18:5-6 Whoever receives one such little child in my name receives me, 6 but whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in me to stumble, it would be better for him if a huge millstone were hung around his neck and that he were sunk in the depths of the sea.
  7. The Good News (Gospel), as proclaimed by Yeshua and the apostles, is 1) the Messiah suffered and died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 2) that he was buried and raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and 3) that repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached in Yeshua’s name to all the nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
    1. Luke 24:45-47; 1 Corinthians 15:1-4
      1. Luke 24:45 Then he opened their minds, that they might understand the Scriptures. 46 He said to them, “Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Messiah to suffer (cf. Isaiah 53; Psalm 22) and to rise from the dead the third day (cf. Jonah 1:17; Jonah 2:1-6; Daniel 9:26), 47 and that repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached in his name to all the nations (cf. Deuteronomy 32:43; Isaiah 42:1-4), beginning at Jerusalem…”
      2. 1 Corinthians 15:1 Now I declare to you, brothers, the Good News which I preached to you, which also you received, in which you also stand, 2 by which also you are saved, if you hold firmly the word which I preached to you—unless you believed in vain. 3 For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Messiah died for our sins according to the Scriptures (cf. Isaiah 53:4-6; Jonah 2:1-6; Daniel 9:26), 4 that he was buried (cf. Psalm 16:10), that he was raised on the third day (cf. Jonah 1:17; Psalm 16:10; Jonah 2:6) according to the Scriptures.

Apostolic Portion Summary and Exhortation
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

Galatians 3:15-29
  1. Galatians 3:15 Brothers, speaking of human terms, though it is only a man’s covenant, yet when it has been confirmed, no one makes it void or adds to it. 16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He doesn’t say, “To seeds”, as of many, but as of one, “To your seed”, which is Messiah. 17 Now I say this: A covenant confirmed beforehand by Elohim in Messiah,(mss) the Torah, which came four hundred thirty years after, does not annul, so as to make the promise of no effect.
    1. Jeremiah 31:31-34 “Behold, the days come,” says YHWH, “that I will make a renewed covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah, 32 not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, which covenant of mine they broke, [and I disregarded](LXX) them,” says YHWH. (cf. Hebrews 8:9) 33 “But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” says YHWH: “I will put my Torah in their inward parts, and I will write it in their heart. I will be their Elohim, and they will be my people. 34 They will no longer each teach his neighbor, and every man teach his brother, saying, ‘Know YHWH;’ for they will all know me, from their least to their greatest,” says YHWH, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” (cf. Hebrews 8:8-12)
    2. Matthew 26:26-28 As they were eating, Yeshua took bread, gave thanks for it, and broke it. He gave to the disciples and said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” 27 He took the cup, gave thanks, and gave to them, saying, “All of you drink it, 28 for this is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many for the remission of sins.
    3. Matthew 9:1-6 He entered into a boat and crossed over, and came into his own city. 2 Behold, they brought to him a man who was paralyzed, lying on a bed. Yeshua, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, “Son, cheer up! Your sins are forgiven you.” 3 Behold, some of the scribes said to themselves, “This man blasphemes.” 4 Yeshua, knowing their thoughts, said, “Why do you think evil in your hearts? 5 For which is easier, to say, ‘Your sins are forgiven;’ or to say, ‘Get up, and walk’? 6 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins—” then he said to the paralytic, “Get up, and take up your mat, and go to your house.”
      1. Matthew 11:4 Yeshua answered them, “Go and tell Yochanan the things which you hear and see: 5 the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, (cf. Isaiah 35:5) the dead are raised up, and the poor have good news preached to them. (cf. Isaiah 61:1-4)
      2. Remember, the Good News (Gospel), as proclaimed by Yeshua and the apostles, is 1) the Messiah suffered and died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 2) that he was buried and raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, and 3) that repentance and forgiveness of sins should be preached in Yeshua’s name to all the nations, beginning at Jerusalem.
  2. Galatians 3:8 For if the inheritance is of the Torah, it is no more of promise; but Elohim has granted it to Abraham by promise.
  3. Galatians 3:19 Then why is there the Torah? It was added because of transgressions, until the seed should come to whom the promise has been made. It was ordained through angels by the hand of a mediator. 20 But the mediator is not one, but Elohim is one. 21 Is the Torah then against the promises of Elohim? Certainly not! For if there had been a Torah given which could make alive, most certainly righteousness would have been of the Torah. 22 But the Scripture imprisoned all things under sin, that the promise by faith in Yeshua the Messiah might be given to those who believe.
  4. Galatians 3:23 But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the Torah, confined for the faith which should afterwards be revealed.
    1. παιδαγωγός paidagōgos (G3807) is a tutor and literally means “guardian and guide of boys”. Among the Greeks and the Romans the name was applied to trustworthy slaves who were charged with the duty of supervising the life and morals of boys belonging to the better class. The boys were not allowed so much as to step out of the house without them before arriving at the age of manhood. παιδαγωγός paidagōgos is where we get the English word pedagogy. Pedagogy is the art, science, or profession of teaching. When taken as an academic discipline, Pedagogy is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning.
  5. Galatians 3:24 So that the Torah has become our tutor to bring us to Messiah, that we might be justified by faith. 25 And the faith having come, we are no longer under a tutor.
  6. Galatians 3:26 For you are all children of Elohim, through faith in Messiah Yeshua. 27 For as many of you as were immersed into Messiah have put on Messiah. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Messiah Yeshua.
  7. Galatians 3:29 If you are Messiah’s, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to promise.
    1. Romans 4:14 For if those who are of the Torah are heirs, faith is made void, and the promise is made of no effect.
    2. Romans 8:17 and if children, then heirs—heirs of Elohim and joint heirs with Messiah, if indeed we suffer with him, that we may also be glorified with him.
    3. Romans 9:8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh who are children of Elohim, but the children of the promise are counted as heirs.
    4. Galatians 3:29 If you are Messiah’s, then you are Abraham’s seed and heirs according to promise.
    5. Ephesians 3:6 that the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of his promise in Messiah Yeshua through the Good News,
    6. Titus 3:7 that being justified by his grace, we might be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
    7. Hebrews 6:17 In this way Elohim, being determined to show more abundantly to the heirs of the promise the immutability of his counsel, interposed with an oath,
    8. Hebrews 11:9 In faith he lived as an alien in the land of promise, as in a land not his own, dwelling in tents with Isaac and Jacob, the heirs with him of the same promise.
    9. James 2:5 Listen, my beloved brothers. Didn’t Elohim choose those who are poor in this world to be rich in faith and heirs of the Kingdom which he promised to those who love him?
    10. 1 Peter 3:7 The husbands, in the same way, live with them according to knowledge, as to the weaker utensil in the feminine way (gynaikeios G1134), giving honor as also being joint heirs of the grace of life, that your prayers may not be hindered.

Does anyone have specific questions or need any clarification from what was said during the Summary or Exhortation?

Application & Discussion
Living the Word and following Yeshua (Acts 2:37; Romans 2:13)
Questions, input, and sharpening (Proverbs 27:17; Luke 2:46)

Romans 2:13 For it isn’t the hearers of the Torah who are righteous before Elohim, but the doers of the Torah will be justified.

James 1:22 But be doers of the word, and not only hearers, deluding your own selves.

    1. What questions or comments came up during your family’s discussion of this week’s study?
    2. “What other related Scriptures did you find during your study of this week’s portion?”
    3. Have you ever experienced something from this study or something related to it?
    4. “What changes do you need to make in your life to align with what you learned during this week’s Torah Study?”
Additional Study Notes