Study Notes Week 22

Read
Aloud together to hear the Word (Leviticus 23:1-3; Nehemiah 8:1-4; Luke 4:16-17)

22:1 After these words, [the Elohim]^(MTT) tested Abraham, and said to him, “Abraham, [Abraham]!”^(LXX) He said, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “Now take your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, Isaac, whom you love, and go into the land of Moriah. Offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I will tell you of.” 3 Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his donkey; and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son. He split the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went to the place [the Elohim]^(MTT) had told him[, on the third day].^(LXX) 4 [And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place far off].^(LXX) 5 Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey. The boy and I will go over there. We will worship, and come back to you.” 6 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son. He took in his hand the fire and the knife. They both went together. 7 Isaac spoke to Abraham his father, and said, “My father?” He said, “Here I am, my son.” He said, “Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?” 8 Abraham said, “Elohim will see himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” So they both went together. 9 They came to the place [the Elohim]^(MTT) had told him of. Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in order, bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, on the wood. 10 Abraham stretched out his hand, and took the knife to kill his son. 11 The angel of [Elohim]^(mss) called to him out of the heavens, and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” He said, “Here I am.” 12 He said, “Don't lay your hand on the boy or do anything to him. For now I know that you fear Elohim, since you have not withheld your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, from me.” 13 Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and saw [one]^(LXX) ram caught in the thicket by his horns. Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 Abraham called the name of that place, [Elohim]^(DSS) Yireh. As it is said to this day, “On a mountain [Elohim]^(DSS) appeared.” 15 The angel of [Elohim]^(mss) called to Abraham a second time out of the heavens, 16 and said, I have sworn by myself,' says YHWH, ‘because you have done this thing, and have not withheld your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, [from me]^(LXX) 17 I will bless you greatly, and I will multiply your seed greatly like the stars of the heavens, and like the sand which is on the seashore. Your seed will possess the gate of his enemies. 18 All the nations of the land will be blessed by your seed, because you have obeyed my voice.' ” 19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose up and went together to Be'ersheba. Abraham lived at Be'ersheba. 20 After these things, Abraham was told, “Behold, Milcah, she also has borne sons to your brother Nahor: 21 Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram, 22 Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. These eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Torah Portion Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

1. Genesis 22:1 After these words…
   1. Genesis 21:33 And [Abraham]^(LXX) planted a tamarisk tree in Be’ersheba, and there he called on the name of YHWH, the Everlasting Elohim. 34 Abraham lived as a sojourner in the land of the Philistines many days.
      1. Genesis 4:25-26 Adam knew his woman again. She gave birth to a son, and named him Seth, [saying],^(LXX) “for Elohim has given me another seed instead of Abel, for Cain killed him.” 26 A son was also born to Seth, and he named him Enosh. [This one]^(LXX)(syr) [hoped]^(LXX) to call on the name of [Elohim].^(LXX)
      2. Genesis 12:8 He left from there to go to the mountain on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Ai on the east. There he built an altar [and called on the name]^(LXX) of [Elohim].^(LXX)
      3. Genesis 13:1-4 Abram went up out of Egypt—he, his wife, all that he had, and Lot with him—into the South. 2 Abram was very rich in livestock, in silver, and in gold. 3 He went on his journeys from the South as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, 4 to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on the name of [Elohim].^(LXX)
      4. Genesis 26:25 He built an altar there, and called on the name of YHWH, and pitched his tent there. There Isaac’s servants dug a well.
2. Genesis 22:1 …[the Elohim]^(MTT) tested Abraham, and said to him, “Abraham, [Abraham]!”^(LXX) He said, “Here I am.”
   1. Tested = נָסָה nasah (H5254) means “to test to prove one is deserved of being lifted up” and comes from the root word נָסָ nas which means to lift up. נָסָה nasah is equivalent to the Greek word πειράζω peirazō (G3985) means to try, make trial of, or test for the purpose of ascertaining his quality, or what he thinks, or how he will behave himself.
      1. Ya’aqov (James) 1:12 Blessed is a person who endures testing, for when he has been approved, he will receive the crown of life which the Lord promised to those who love him. 13 Let no man say when he is tested, “I am tested by Elohim,” for Elohim cannot be tested by evil, and he himself tests no one. But each one is tested when he is drawn away by his own lust and enticed. 15 Then the lust, when it has conceived, bears sin. The sin, when it is full grown, produces death. 16 Don’t be deceived, my beloved brothers. 17 Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom can be no variation nor turning shadow. 18 Of his own will he gave birth to us by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of first fruits of his creatures. 19 [This you know],^(mss) my beloved brothers, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, and slow to anger; 20 for the anger of man doesn’t [accomplish]^(mss) the righteousness of Elohim. 21 Therefore, putting away all filthiness and overflowing of wickedness, receive with humility the implanted word, which is able to save your souls. 22 But be doers of the word, and not only hearers, deluding your own selves. 23 For if anyone is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like a man looking at his natural face in a mirror; 24 for he sees himself, and goes away, and immediately forgets what kind of man he was.
      2. 1 Corinthians 10:13 No test has taken you except what is common to man. Elohim is faithful, who will not allow you to be tested above what you are able, but will with the test also make the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it.
3. Genesis 22:2 He said, “Now take your son…
   1. Isaac is 23 years old, Ishmael is at least 36 years old at this time
      1. Jubilees 17:13 And she bare a son in the third new moon, [1980 A.M.] and in the middle of the new moon, at the time of which the Lord had spoken to Abraham, on the festival of the first fruits of the harvest, Isaac was born.
      2. Jubilees 17:15 And it came to pass in the seventh week, in the first year thereof, in the first new moon in this jubilee [2003 A.M.], on the twelfth of this new moon, there were voices in the heavens regarding Abraham, that he was faithful in all that He told him, and that he loved the Lord, and that in every affliction he was faithful.
   2. Jubilees 17:16 And the prince Mastema came and said before Elohim, “Behold, Abraham loveth Isaac his son, and he delighteth in him above all things else; bid him offer him as a burnt offering on the altar, and Thou wilt see if he will do this command, and Thou wilt know if he is faithful in everything wherein Thou dost try him.”
      1. Burnt offering = עֹלָה ‘olah (H5930) comes from the root עֹל ‘al (H5923) which means to lift up the yoke upon the shoulders of the oxen. When referring to a sacrifice, עֹלָה olah is an offering that is brought up or lifted up or a “burnt offering” from the rising smoke of the offering. עֹלָה olah is translated as “ascension offering” in Jeff Benner’s Mechanical Translation of the Torah and “whole burnt-offering” in Charles Vanderpool’s Apostolic Bible Polyglot where the Greek Old Testament translates עֹלָה olah as ολοκαυτώματα holokaftómata (G3646) meaning “all is burned” from a derivative of a compound of ὅλος holos (G3650) “all or whole” and καίω kaiō (G2545) “to set on fire or burn.” When referring to a sacrifice, ολοκαυτώματα holokaftómata is unique from other sacrifices where only a part of the offering is burned.
   3. Job 1:6-12 Now on the day when the sons of Elohim came to present themselves before YHWH, Satan also came among them. 7 YHWH said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Then Satan answered YHWH, and said, “From going back and forth in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.” 8 YHWH said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant, Job? For there is no one like him in the earth, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears Elohim, and turns away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered YHWH, and said, “Does Job fear Elohim for nothing? 10 Haven’t you made a hedge around him, and around his house, and around all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. 11 But stretch out your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will renounce you to your face.” 12 YHWH said to Satan, “Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don’t stretch out your hand.”
   4. Jubilees 17:17-18 And YHWH knew that Abraham was faithful in all his afflictions; for He had tried him through his country and with famine, and had tried him with the wealth of kings, and had tried him again through his wife, when she was torn from him, and with circumcision, and had tried him through Ishmael and Hagar, his maid-servant, when he sent them away. 18. And in everything wherein He had tried him, he was found faithful, and his soul was not impatient, and he was not slow to act; for he was faithful and a lover of YHWH.
      1. for He had tried him through his country (cf. Genesis 12:1)
         1. Genesis 12:1 [Elohim]^(LXX) [had]^(LXX) said to Abram, “Leave your country, and your relatives, and your father’s house, and go to the land that I will show you. (cf. Acts 7:2-3)
         2. Acts 7:2-3 [Stephen] said, “Brothers and fathers, listen. The Elohim of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran, 3 and said to him, ‘Get out of your land and away from your relatives, and come into a land which I will show you.’ (cf. Genesis 12:1)
      2. and with famine, (cf. Genesis 12:10)
      3. and had tried him with the wealth of kings, (cf. Genesis 14:22)
      4. and had tried him again through his wife, when she was torn from him, (cf. Genesis 20:2)
      5. and with circumcision, (cf. Genesis 17:23-27; Genesis 21:4)
      6. and had tried him through Ishmael and Hagar, his maid-servant, when he sent them away. (cf. Genesis 21:12-14)
      7. and the sacrifice of Isaac (cf. Genesis 22:1-3)
   5. Genesis 21:30-34 [Abraham]^(LXX) said, “You shall take these seven ewe lambs from my hand, that it may be a witness to me, that I have dug this well.” Therefore he called that place Be’ersheba, because they both swore an oath there. 32 So they cut a covenant at Be’ersheba. Abimelech rose up with Phicol, the captain of his army, and they returned into the land of the Philistines. 33 And [Abraham]^(LXX) planted a tamarisk tree in Be’ersheba, and there he called on the name of YHWH, the Everlasting Elohim. 34 Abraham lived as a sojourner in the land of the Philistines many days.
   6. Genesis 33:1-3 Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, Esau was coming, and with him four hundred men. He divided the children between Leah, Rachel, and the two servants. 2 He put the servants and their children in front, Leah and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph at the rear. 3 He himself passed over in front of them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother.
      1. Sware or swore = שָּׁבַע shava’ (H7650) literally means “to seven oneself” where a person completely submits to a promise or oath with words and spoken seven times (cf. Genesis 33:3). שָּׁבַע shava’ is equivalent to the Greek ὀμνύω omnyō (G3660) and means to swear; to affirm, promise, threaten, with an oath; in swearing to call a person or thing as witness, to invoke, swear by. In ancient times, “A common practice was to make seven declarations when making an oath. This declaration can be making the oath seven times or doing seven things to show the sincerity of the oath.” – Jeff Benner
4. Genesis 22:2 He said, “Now take your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, Isaac, whom you love…
   1. יְחִיד yachiyd (H3173) is often translated as “only” and comes from the root word אֶחָד echad (H259) which means “one”. יְחִיד yachiyd is equivalent to the Greek word ἀγαπητός agapētos (G27) which means “beloved” and sometimes translated as esteemed, dear, favorite, or worthy of love.
   2. Psalms 35:17; Proverbs 4:3; Jeremiah 6:26; Amos 8:10; Zechariah 12:10 (T)
      1. Psalms 22:20 Deliver my soul from the sword, my [beloved]^(LXX) from the power of the dog.
      2. Psalms 35:17 Lord, how long will you look on? Rescue my soul from their destruction, my [beloved]^(LXX) from the lions.
      3. Proverbs 4:3 For I was a son to my father, tender and the [beloved]^(LXX) in the sight of my mother.
      4. Jeremiah 6:26 Daughter of my people, clothe yourself with sackcloth, and wallow in ashes! Mourn, as for a [beloved],^(LXX) most bitter lamentation, for the destroyer will suddenly come on us.
      5. Amos 8:10 I will turn your feasts into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation; and I will make you wear sackcloth on all your bodies, and baldness on every head. I will make it like the mourning for a [beloved],^(LXX) and its end like a bitter day.
      6. Zechariah 12:10 I will pour on David’s house, and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they will look to me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for him, as one mourns for his [beloved],^(LXX) and will grieve bitterly for him, as one grieves for his firstborn.
   3. Matthew 17:1-13; Mark 9:2-13; Luke 9:28-36
      1. Matthew 17:1 After six days, Yeshua took with him Peter, Jacob, and John his brother, and brought them up into a high mountain by themselves. 2 He was transfigured before them. His face shone like the sun, and his garments became as white as the light. 3 Behold, Moses and Elijah appeared to them talking with him. 4 Peter answered, and said to Yeshua, “Lord, it is good for us to be here. If you want, let’s make three tents here: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 5 While he was still speaking, behold, a bright cloud overshadowed them. Behold, a voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. Listen to him.” 6 When the disciples heard it, they fell on their faces, and were very afraid. 7 Yeshua came and touched them and said, “Get up, and don’t be afraid.” 8 Lifting up their eyes, they saw no one, except Yeshua alone. 9 As they were coming down from the mountain, Yeshua commanded them, saying, “Don’t tell anyone what you saw, until the Son of Man has risen from the dead.” 10 His disciples asked him, saying, “Then why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” 11 Yeshua answered them, “Elijah indeed comes first, and will restore all things, 12 but I tell you that Elijah has come already, and they didn’t recognize him, but did to him whatever they wanted to. Even so the Son of Man will also suffer by them.” 13 Then the disciples understood that he spoke to them of John the Immerser.
      2. Mark 9:2 After six days Yeshua took with him Peter, Jacob, and John, and brought them up onto a high mountain privately by themselves, and he was changed into another form in front of them. 3 His clothing became glistening, exceedingly white, like snow, such as no launderer on the land can whiten them. 4 Elijah and Moses appeared to them, and they were talking with Yeshua. 5 Peter answered Yeshua, “Rabbi, it is good for us to be here. Let’s make three tents: one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.” 6 For he didn’t know what to say, for they were very afraid. 7 A cloud came, overshadowing them, and a voice came out of the cloud, “This is my beloved Son. Listen to him.” 8 Suddenly looking around, they saw no one with them any more, except Yeshua only. 9 As they were coming down from the mountain, he commanded them that they should tell no one what things they had seen, until after the Son of Man had risen from the dead. 10 They kept this saying to themselves, questioning what the “rising from the dead” meant. 11 They asked him, saying, “Why do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?” 12 He said to them, “Elijah indeed comes first, and restores all things. How is it written about the Son of Man, that he should suffer many things and be despised? 13 But I tell you that Elijah has come, and they have also done to him whatever they wanted to, even as it is written about him.”
      3. Luke 9:28 About eight days after these sayings, he took with him Peter, John, and Jacob, and went up onto the mountain to pray. 29 As he was praying, the appearance of his face was altered, and his clothing became white and dazzling. 30 Behold, two men were talking with him, who were Moses and Elijah, 31 who appeared in glory, and spoke of his [exodus], which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem. 32 Now Peter and those who were with him were heavy with sleep, but when they were fully awake, they saw his glory, and the two men who stood with him. 33 As they were parting from him, Peter said to Yeshua, “Master, it is good for us to be here. Let’s make three tents: one for you, and one for Moses, and one for Elijah,” not knowing what he said. 34 While he said these things, a cloud came and overshadowed them, and they were afraid as they entered into the cloud. 35 A voice came out of the cloud, saying, “This is my beloved Son. Listen to him!” 36 When the voice came, Yeshua was found alone. They were silent, and told no one in those days any of the things which they had seen.
      4. John 3:16 For Elohim so loved the world, that he gave his only born Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish, but have eternal life.
      5. John 1:18 No one has seen Elohim at any time. The only born Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has declared him.
         1. Only = יְחִיד yachiyd (H3173) comes from the root word אֶחָד echad (H259) which means “one”.
         2. Only born = μονογενής monogenēs (G3439) means “only” or “one-of-a-kind” and υἱός huios (G5207) means “son”. μονογενής monogenēs translates to “only” or “one-of-a-kind” throughout the Bible.
            1. Judges 11:34 “she was his only child” (he monogenes);
            2. Psalm 22:20 “deliver my soul from the sword, my only (monogenes) from the hand of the dog.”;
            3. Psalm 25:16 I am an only (monogenes) and poor.
            4. Psalm 35:17 “deliver my soul from their mischief, my only (ho monogenes) from the lions”;
            5. Luke 7:12 “her only son” (ho monogenes uios);
            6. Luke 8:42 “only daughter” (he monogenes thugater) Luke 9:38 “only son” (ho monogenes uios);
            7. John 3:16 “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son” (ho monogenes uios);
            8. John 3:18 “he has not believed in the name of God’s only son” (ho monogenes uios);
               1. For John 1:18, the King James Version (KJV) reads, “only begotten Son” which is the majority reading. Some translations, like the World English Bible (WEB) reads, “the one and only Son”. In a small number of manuscripts the text here is damaged and does not agree with the majority reading “only begotten son”; The New American Standard Bible (NASB) reads, “only begotten God”, while the NIV, RSV, NRSV, and ESV read, “the one and only God”. The phrases “only begotten Son” (Arian) and “only begotten God” (Trinitarian) are found on both sides during the Christological debates.
            9. Hebrews 11:17 “only son” (ho monogenes uios) – since Abraham also fathered Ishmael from the slave girl Hagar;
            10. 1 John 4:9 “God sent his only Son (monogenes uios) into the world”
            11. The primary controversies within the Christian Church between the third and fifth centuries A.D. revolved around the nature of Yeshua the Messiah and the doctrine of the Trinity. Key ecumenical councils, such as Nicaea and Chalcedon, addressed these critical theological questions, leading to significant church divisions. This was the exact time when manuscripts of the Christian Bible were being copied, thus we have no sure way of knowing what the original text was.
            12. This means we must rely on how this topic regarding whether Yeshua is the only son, the only begotten son, or the only begotten God, or the one and only God is taught throughout the whole of Scripture.
            13. Allen Wikgren (1906-1998) was an American New Testament scholar and professor at the University of Chicago and one of four members of the committee regarding the reading of μονογενὴς υἱός (monogenís yiós) in John 1:18. He wrote the only minority opinion saying, “It is doubtful that the author (i.e., John) would have written monogenes theos (only begotten God), which may be a primitive, transcriptional error in the Alexandrian tradition.” His opinion is based on the ease of confusing the common scribal practice of abbreviating God (theos) to theta-sigma (Υς) , and abbreviating Son (uios) to upsilon-sigma (Θς) in the Greek manuscripts. Because of these abbreviations, called nomina sacra (sacred name) abbreviations, copying errors of “God” to “Son” and “Son” to “God” are frequent in early manuscripts.
            14. The Father and Yeshua are one
                1. εἷς heis (G1520) means “one” (229x), a (9x), other (6x), some (6x), not translated (4x), miscellaneous (18x).
                2. John 10:25-30 Yeshua answered them, “I told you, and you don’t believe. The works that I do in my Father’s name, these testify about me. 26 But you don’t believe, because you are not of my sheep, as I told you. 27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give eternal life to them. They will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand. 29 My Father who has given them to me is greater than all. No one is able to snatch them out of my Father’s hand. 30 I and the Father are one.”
                3. John 17:11 I am no more in the world, but these are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father, keep them through your name which you have given me, that they may be one, even as we are.
                4. John 17:21 that they may all be one; even as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be one in us; that the world may believe that you sent me.
5. Genesis 22:2 …and go into the land of Moriah. Offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I will tell you of.”
6. Genesis 22:3-4 Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his donkey; and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son. He split the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went to the place [the Elohim]^(MTT) had told him[, on the third day].^(LXX) 4 [And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place far off].^(LXX)
   1. Compare to Genesis 22:3-4 in Masoretic Text; “Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his donkey; and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son. He split the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went to the place of which Elohim had told him. 4 On the third day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place far off.”
   2. Septuagint matches Jubilees showing the likely original translation
      1. Jubilees 18:3-4 And he rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took his two young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave the wood of the burnt offering, and he went to the place on the third day, and he saw the place afar off. 4. And he came to a well of water, and he said to his young men, “Abide ye here with the donkey, and I and the lad will go yonder, and when we have worshipped we will come again to you.”
7. Genesis 22:5 Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey. The boy and I will go over there. We will worship, and come back to you.”
   1. Worship = שָׁחָה shachah (H7812) means to sink or bow low to pay homage to another or to get on the knees with the face to the ground (cf. Genesis 18:2; Genesis 19:1; Genesis 33:3; Ruth 2:10; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 25:23; 1 Samuel 28:14; 2 Samuel 14:4, 22, 33; 2 Samuel 24:20; 1 Kings 1:23; 2 Kings 2:15; 2 Kings 4:37; Nehemiah 8:6; Job 1:20; Isaiah 51:23). Equivalent to the Greek word προσκυνέω proskyneō (G4352) which means 1) to kiss the hand to (towards) one, in token of reverence; 2) among the Orientals, esp. the Persians, to fall upon the knees and touch the ground with the forehead as an expression of profound reverence; 3) in the 1st Century, by kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make obeisance, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication. Used of homage shown to men and beings of superior rank such as to high priests (cf. Matthew 20:20), to other gods, deities, or idols (cf. Acts 7:43; Revelation 9:20), to the Beast (cf. Revelation 13:4; Revelation 13:12-15), to the Devil (cf. Matthew 4:9; Revelation 9:20), to YHWH (cf. Matthew 4:10; John 4:20-24; John 12:20; Revelation 7:11), to Yeshua (cf. Matthew 2:11; Matthew 8:2; Matthew 14:33; Matthew 28:9; Hebrews 1:6), and to angels (cf. Revelation 22:8-9). In modern Greek, προσκυνέω proskyneō means, “I worship”.
   2. Hebrews 11:17 In faith, Abraham, being tested, offered up Isaac. Yes, he who had gladly received the promises was offering up his only born son, 18 to whom it was said, “Your seed will be accounted as from Isaac,” (cf. Genesis 21:12) 19 concluding that Elohim is able to raise up even from the dead. Figuratively speaking, he also did receive him back from the dead.
   3. Abraham telling the two young men that he AND Isaac would return showed his faith is the promised seed that would come through Isaac (Yeshua).
8. Genesis 22:6-7 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son. He took in his hand the fire and the knife. They both went together. 7 Isaac spoke to Abraham his father, and said, “My father?” He said, “Here I am, my son.” He said, “Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?”
9. Genesis 22:8 Abraham said, “Elohim will see himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” So they both went together.
   1. Genesis 20:7 Now therefore, restore the man’s wife. For he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you will live. If you don’t restore her, know for sure that you will die, you, and all who are yours.
   2. John 1:29-36 The next day, he saw Yeshua coming to him, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of Elohim, who takes away the sin of the world! 30 This is he of whom I said, ‘After me comes a man who is preferred before me, for he was before me.’ 31 I didn’t know him, but for this reason I came immersing in water, that he would be revealed to Israel.” 32 Yochanan witnessed, saying, “I have seen the Spirit descending like a dove out of heaven, and it remained on him. 33 I didn’t recognize him, but he who sent me to immerse in water said to me, ‘On whomever you will see the Spirit descending and remaining on him is he who immerses in the Holy Spirit.’ 34 I have seen and have witnessed that this is the Son of Elohim.”
      35 Again, the next day, Yochanan was standing with two of his disciples, 36 and he looked at Yeshua as he walked, and said, “Behold, the Lamb of Elohim!”
10. Genesis 22:9-10 They came to the place [the Elohim]^(MTT) had told him of. Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in order, bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, on the wood. 10 Abraham stretched out his hand, and took the knife to kill his son.
11. Genesis 22:11-12 The angel of [Elohim]^(mss) called to him out of the heavens, and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” He said, “Here I am.” 12 He said, “Don’t lay your hand on the boy or do anything to him. For now I know that you fear Elohim, since you have not withheld your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, from me.”
    1. Jubilees 18:9-11 And I stood before him, and before the prince of the Mastema, and YHWH said, “Bid him not to lay his hand on the lad, nor to do anything to him, for I have shown that he feareth YHWH.” 10. And I called to him from the heavens, and said unto him: “Abraham, Abraham”; and he was terrified and said: “Behold, here am I.” 11. And I said unto him: “Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything to him; for now I have shown that thou fearest YHWH, and hast not withheld thy son, thy firstborn son, from me.”
    2. Abraham showed his faith by his works 
       1. James 2:14-26 What good is it, my brothers, if a man says he has faith, but has no works? Can faith save him? 15 And if a brother or sister is naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you tells them, “Go in peace. Be warmed and filled;” yet you didn’t give them the things the body needs, what good is it? 17 Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead in itself. 18 Yes, a man will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works. 19 You believe that Elohim is one. You do well. The demons also believe—and shudder. 20 But do you want to know, vain man, that faith apart from works is dead? 21 Wasn’t Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son on the altar? 22 You see that faith worked with his works, and by works faith was perfected. 23 So the Scripture was fulfilled which says, “Abraham believed Elohim, and it was imputed to him as righteousness,” (cf. Genesis 15:6) and he was called the friend of Elohim. 24 You see then that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith. 25 In the same way, wasn’t Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she received the messengers and sent them out another way? 26 For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.
12. Genesis 22:13 Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and saw [one]^(LXX) ram caught in the thicket by his horns. Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering instead of his son.
    1. The Masoretic Text has “behind him” where the him is usually italicized, showing an addition by the translator.
       1. The word “behind” would be אַחַר achar (H310) in Hebrew and is likely a confusion of the ר Hebrew letter resh to make אַחַר achar instead of a ד dalet as the last letter to make the word אָחַד echad (H259) or אֶחָד achad (H258) which would translate to “one” or “single”.
    2. Both the Septuagint and Jubilees match the original
       1. Genesis 22:13 Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and saw [one]^(LXX) ram caught in the thicket by his horns…
       2. Jubilees 18:12 And the prince of the Mastema was put to shame; and Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, a single ram caught … by his horns, and Abraham went and took the ram and offered it for a burnt offering in the stead of his son.
13. Genesis 22:14-18 Abraham called the name of that place, [Elohim]^(DSS) Yireh. As it is said to this day, “On a mountain [Elohim]^(DSS) appeared.” 15 The angel of [Elohim]^(mss) called to Abraham a second time out of the heavens, 16 and said, I have sworn by myself,’ says YHWH, ‘because you have done this word, and have not withheld your son, your [beloved]^(LXX) one, [from me]^(LXX) 17 I will bless you greatly, and I will multiply your seed greatly like the stars of the heavens, and like the sand which is on the seashore. Your seed will possess the gate of his enemies. 18 All the nations of the land will be blessed by your seed, because you have obeyed my voice.’ ”
    1. I will bless you greatly
       1. Genesis 12:1 [Elohim]^(LXX) [had]^(LXX) said to Abram, “…I will bless you and make your name great. You will be a blessing…”
    2. I will multiply your seed greatly like the stars of the heavens, and like the sand which is on the seashore.
       1. Only “stars” was mentioned in Genesis 15:5
       2. Genesis 22:17 still has “stars”, but ADDS the sand of the seashore.
       3. This means that Abraham’s faithfulness and obedience, his faith with works, caused an entirely new number of people multiplied in the blessing of Abraham (see #4 below)
    3. Your seed (Yeshua) will possess the gate of his enemies
       1. Psalm 110:1 YHWH says to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool for your feet.”
          1. Matthew 22:41-45 Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Yeshua asked them a question, 42 saying, “What do you think of the Messiah? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “Of David.” 43 He said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call him Lord, saying, 44 ‘YHWH said to my Lord, sit on my right hand, until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet’? (cf. Psalms 110:1) 45 “If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”
          2. Luke 20:41-44 He said to them, “Why do they say that the Messiah is David’s son? 42 David himself says in the scroll of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, 43 until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet.” ’ (cf. Psalms 110:1) 44 “David therefore calls him Lord, so how is he his son?”
          3. Acts 2:32-36 This Yeshua, Elohim raised up, to which we all are witnesses. 33 Being therefore exalted by the right hand of Elohim, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this which you now see and hear. 34 For David didn’t ascend into the heavens, but he says himself, ‘YHWH said to my Lord, “Sit by my right hand 35 until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.” ’ (cf. Psalms 110:1)  36 “Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that Elohim has made him both Lord and Messiah, this Yeshua whom you crucified.”
          4. Hebrews 1:8-14 But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O Elohim, is forever and ever. The scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your Kingdom. 9 You have loved righteousness and hated iniquity; therefore Elohim, your Elohim, has anointed you with the oil of gladness above your fellows.” (cf. Psalms 45:6-7) 10 And, “You, Lord, in the beginning, laid the foundation of the earth. The heavens are the works of your hands. 11 They will perish, but you continue. They all will grow old like a garment does. 12 You will roll them up like a mantle, and they will be changed; but you are the same. Your years won’t fail.” (cf. Psalms 102:25-27) 13 But which of the angels has he told at any time, “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies the footstool of your feet?” (cf. Psalms 110:1) 14 Aren’t they all serving spirits, sent out to do service for the sake of those who will inherit salvation?
          5. Hebrews 10:11-14 Every priest indeed stands day by day serving and offering often the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins, 12 but he, when he had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down on the right hand of Elohim, 13 from that time waiting until his enemies are made the footstool of his feet (cf. Psalms 110:1). 14 For by one offering he has perfected forever those who are being sanctified.
          6. 1 Corinthians 15:20-28 But now Messiah has been raised from the dead. He became the first fruit of those who are asleep. 21 For since death came by man, the resurrection of the dead also came by man. 22 For as in Adam all die, so also in Messiah all will be made alive. 23 But each in his own order: Messiah the first fruits, then those who are Messiah’s at his coming. 24 Then the end comes, when he will deliver up the Kingdom to Elohim the Father, when he will have abolished all rule and all authority and power. 25 For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. (cf. Psalms 110:1) 26 The last enemy that will be abolished is death. 27 For, “He put all things in subjection under his feet.” (cf. Psalms 8:6) But when he says, “All things are put in subjection”, it is evident that he is excepted who subjected all things to him. 28 When all things have been subjected to him, then the Son will also himself be subjected to him who subjected all things to him, that Elohim may be all in all.
    4. All the nations of the land will be blessed by your seed (Yeshua)
       1. In Genesis 12:3, we are told that “[Elohim]^(LXX) [had]^(LXX) said to Abram when he was in Mesopotamia before he went to Haran (cf. Acts 7:2-3), “I will make of you a great nation…All the families of the land will be blessed through you.”
          1. Families = mishpachah
       2. Because of Abraham’s faithfulness and obedience to sacrifice his beloved, only son, Isaac, ALL THE NATIONS OF THE LAND will now be blessed by Yeshua (cf. Galatians 3:16)
          1. Galatians 3:16 Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He doesn’t say, “To seeds”, as of many, but as of one, “To your seed”, which is Messiah.
          2. Nations = Goyim
14. Genesis 22:19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose up and went together to Be’ersheba. Abraham lived at Be’ersheba.
    1. Jubilees 18:17-19 And Abraham went to his young men, and they arose and went together to Be’ersheba, and Abraham dwelt by the Well of the Oath. 18. And he celebrated this festival every year, seven days with joy, and he called it the festival of YHWH according to the seven days during which he went and returned in peace. 19. And accordingly hath it been ordained and written on the heavenly tables regarding Israel and its seed that they should observe this festival seven days with the joy of festival.
    2. Exodus 12:1-3, 14-18 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This new moon will be to you the beginning of new moons. It will be the first new moon of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this new moon, they will take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household…This day will be a memorial for you. You will hold a feast to YHWH. You will hold a feast throughout your generations by a statute forever. 15 Seven days you will eat unleavened bread…18 In the first new moon, on the fourteenth day of the new moon at evening, you will eat unleavened bread, until the twenty first day of the new moon at evening.
15. Genesis 22:20-24 After these words, Abraham was told, “Behold, Milcah, she also has borne sons to your brother Nahor: 21 Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram, 22 Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. These eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham’s brother. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.