Study Notes Week 38

Read
Aloud together to hear the Word (Leviticus 23:1-3; Nehemiah 8:1-4; Luke 4:16-17)

38:1 And it came to pass, in that time, Judah went down from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. 2 There, Judah saw the daughter of a certain Canaanite man named Shua. He took her, and went in to her. 3 She conceived, and bore a son; and he named him Er. 4 She conceived again, and bore a son; and she named him Onan. 5 She yet again bore a son, and named him Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him. 6 Judah took a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. 7 Er, the firstborn of Judah, was wicked in the sight of YHWH. So [Elohim]^(LXX) killed him. 8 Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother's wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother to her, and raise up seed for your brother.” 9 Onan knew that the seed wouldn't be his; and when he went in to his brother's wife, he corrupted on the land, lest he should give seed to his brother. 10 The thing which he did was evil in the sight of YHWH, and [Elohim]^(LXX) killed him also. 11 Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in your father's house, until Shelah, my son, is grown up;” for he said, “Lest he also die, like his brothers.” Tamar went and lived in her father's house. 12 After many days, the daughter of Shua, the wife of Judah, died. Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheep shearers to Timnah, he and his shepherd Hirah, the Adullamite. 13 Tamar was told, “Behold, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.” 14 She took off the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she wasn't given to him as a wife. 15 When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a whore, for she had covered her face. 16 He turned to her by the way, and said, “Please come, let me come in to you,” for he didn't know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?” 17 He said, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, “Will you give me a pledge, until you send it?” 18 He said, “What pledge will I give you?” She said, “Your signet and your cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” He gave them to her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him. 19 She arose, and went away, and put off her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. 20 Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his shepherd, the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the hand of the woman, but he didn't find her. 21 Then he asked the men of her place, saying, “Where is the whore, that was at Enaim by the road?” They said, “There has been no whore here.” 22 He returned to Judah, and said, “I haven't found her; and also the men of the place said, ‘There has been no whore here.' ” 23 Judah said, “Let her keep it, lest we be shamed. Behold, I sent this young goat, and you haven't found her.” 24 About three months later, Judah was told, “Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has whored. Moreover, behold, she is with child by whoring.” Judah said, “Bring her out, and let her be burned.” 25 When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, “I am with child by the man who owns these.” She also said, “Please discern whose these are—the signet, and the cords, and the staff.” 26 Judah acknowledged them, and said, “She is more righteous than I, because I didn't give her to Shelah, my son.” He knew her again no more. 27 In the time of her travail, behold, twins were in her womb. 28 When she travailed, one put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, “This came out first.” 29 As he drew back his hand, behold, his brother came out, and she said, “Why have you made a breach for yourself?” Therefore his name was called Perez. 30 Afterward his brother came out, who had the scarlet thread on his hand, and his name was called Zerah.

Torah Portion Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

Review of Genesis 37

1. Genesis 37:36 The [Midianites]^(LXX) sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, [the eunuch]^(LXX)(mss) of Pharaoh, the ruler of the slaughterers.
   1. Jubilees 34:10-19 And in the seventh year of this week [2149 A.M.] he sent Joseph to learn about the welfare of his brothers from his house to the land of Shechem, and he found them in the land of Dothan. 11. And they dealt treacherously with him, and formed a plot against him to slay him, but changing their minds, they sold him to Ishmaelite merchants, and they brought him down into Egypt, and they sold him to Potiphar, the eunuch of Pharaoh, the chief of the cooks, priest of the city of ‘Êlêw.
      1. שַׂר הַטַבָּחִים Sar HaTabbachim (H8269 + H2867) literally means “ruler of the slaughterers” and is often translated as “executioner” because a priest slaughters animals for offering to their elohim and also cooks these slaughtered animals for food to be eaten by the priests and their families. According to Jubilees 34:11, Potiphar, the eunuch of Pharaoh, was the “chief of the cooks” and priest of the city of ‘Êlêw, fulfilling the duty and dual purpose of “ruler of the slaughterers.”
2. Genesis 48:21-22 He blessed them that day, saying, “Israel will bless in you, saying, ‘Elohim make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh’ ” He set Ephraim before Manasseh. 21 Israel said to Joseph, “Behold, I am dying, but Elohim will be with you, and bring you again to the land of your fathers. 22 Moreover I have given to you one portion (שְׁכֶם shechem) above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.”
   1. Jubilees 34:1-9 And in the sixth year of this week of this forty-fourth jubilee [2148 A.M.] Jacob sent his sons to pasture their sheep, and his servants with them, to the pastures of Shechem. 2. And the seven kings of the Amorites assembled themselves together against them, to slay them, hiding themselves under the trees, and to take their cattle as a prey. 3. And Jacob and Levi and Judah and Joseph were in the house with Isaac their father; for his spirit was sorrowful, and they could not leave him: and Benjamin was the youngest, and for this reason remained with his father. 4. And there came the king[s] of Tâphû, and the king[s] of †’Arêsa,† and the king[s] of Sêragân, and the king[s] of Sêlô, and the king[s] of Gâ’as, and the king of Bêthôrôn, and the king of †Ma’anîsâkîr,† and all those who dwell in these mountains (and) who dwell in the woods in the land of Canaan. 5. And they announced this to Jacob saying: “Behold, the kings of the Amorites have surrounded thy sons, and plundered their herds.” 6. And he arose from his house he and his three sons and all the servants of his father, and his own servants, and he went against them with six thousand men, who carried swords. 7. And he slew them in the pastures of Shechem, and pursued those who fled, and he slew them with the edge of the sword, and he slew †’Arêsa † and Tâphû and Sarêgân and Sêlô and †’Amânîsakîr† and Gâ[gâ]’as, and he recovered his herds. 8. And he prevailed over them, and imposed tribute on them that they should pay him tribute, five fruit products of their land, and he built Rôbêl and Tamnâtârês 9. And he returned in peace, and made peace with them, and they became his servants, until the day that he and his sons went down into Egypt.
   2. Testament of Judah 1:48-50 The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is  comprised of the dying commands of the twelve sons of Jacob. It is part of the Oskan Armenian Orthodox Bible of 1666. Fragments of similar writings were found at Qumran, but opinions are divided as to whether these are the same texts. The Testament of Judah (a portion of which is shown below) is primarily concerned with courage, monetary greed, and fornication. It begins by portraying Judah as idealistically courageous, involving bravery in front of wild beasts, as well as successful military expeditions, sometimes basing the narrative on acts that the canonical bible attributes to Jacob.
      1:48 We came upon them, therefore, with wrath, and they all fled; and passing by another way, they fought my father, and he made peace with them. 49 And we did to them no hurt, and they became tributary to us, and we restored to them their spoil. 50 And I built Thamna, and my father built Pabael.

Genesis 38:1-30

1. Genesis 38:1-2 And it came to pass, in that time, Judah went down from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. 2 There, Judah saw the daughter of a certain Canaanite man named Shua. He took her, and went in to her.
   1. Testament of Judah 1:51-54 I was twenty years old when this war befell. And the Canaanites feared me and my brethren. 52 And I had much cattle, and I had for chief herdsman Iram the Adullamite. 53 And when I went to him I saw Parsaba, king of Adullam; and he spake unto us, and he made us a feast; and when I was heated he gave me his daughter Bathshua to wife. 54 She bare me Er, and Onan and Shelah; and two of them the Lord smote: for Shelah lived, and his children are ye.
   2. Testament of Judah 2:17 And I knew that the race of the Canaanites was wicked, but the impulse of youth blinded my mind. 18 And when I saw her pouring out wine, owing to the intoxication of wine I was deceived, and took her although my father had not counselled it.
2. Genesis 38:3-5 She conceived, and bore a son; and he named him Er. 4 She conceived again, and bore a son; and she named him Onan. 5 She yet again bore a son, and named him Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him.
   1. Testament of Judah 1:48-54 The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is  comprised of the dying commands of the twelve sons of Jacob. It is part of the Oskan Armenian Orthodox Bible of 1666. Fragments of similar writings were found at Qumran, but opinions are divided as to whether these are the same texts. The Testament of Judah (a portion of which is shown below) is primarily concerned with courage, monetary greed, and fornication. It begins by portraying Judah as idealistically courageous, involving bravery in front of wild beasts, as well as successful military expeditions, sometimes basing the narrative on acts that the canonical bible attributes to Jacob.
      1:48 We came upon them, therefore, with wrath, and they all fled; and passing by another way, they fought my father, and he made peace with them. 49 And we did to them no hurt, and they became tributary to us, and we restored to them their spoil. 50 And I built Thamna, and my father built Pabael. 51 I was twenty years old when this war befell. And the Canaanites feared me and my brethren. 52 And I had much cattle, and I had for chief herdsman Iram the Adullamite. 53 And when I went to him I saw Parsaba, king of Adullam; and he spake unto us, and he made us a feast; and when I was heated he gave me his daughter Bathshua (daughter of Shua) to wife. 54 She bare me Er, and Onan and Shelah; and two of them the Lord smote: for Shelah lived, and his children are ye.
   2. Adullam:
      1. 1 Samuel 22:1-5 David therefore departed from there and escaped to the cave of Adullam. When his brothers and all his father’s house heard it, they went down there to him. 2 Everyone who was in distress, everyone who was in debt, and everyone who was discontented gathered themselves to him; and he became captain over them. There were with him about four hundred men. 3 David went from there to Mizpeh of Moab; and he said to the king of Moab, “Please let my father and my mother come out to you, until I know what God will do for me.” 4 He brought them before the king of Moab; and they lived with him all the time that David was in the stronghold. 5 The prophet Gad said to David, “Don’t stay in the stronghold. Depart, and go into the land of Judah.”
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3. Genesis 38:6 Judah took a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar.
   1. Yeshua’s genealogy in Matthew 1 A record of the genealogy of Yeshua the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham… 3 Judah became the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar…5 Salmon became the father of Boaz by Rahab. Boaz became the father of Obed by Ruth…
   2. Most Bible scholars erroneously believe Tamar was Canaanite
      1. “Tamar, a central figure in Genesis 38, was most likely a Canaanite woman. While the text doesn’t explicitly state her ethnicity”
      2. “He marries an unnamed Canaanite woman and fathers three sons by her. One of his sons (Er) marries a woman named Tamar; she is probably a Canaanite as well.”
   3. Jubilees 41:1 And in the forty-fifth jubilee, in the second week [2165 A.M.], (and) in the second year, Judah took for his first-born Er, a wife from the daughters of Aram, named Tamar.
   4. Testament of Judah 2:10 And after these things my son Er took to wife Tamar, from Mesopotamia, a daughter of Aram.
   5. Genesis 10:21-23 Sons were also born to Shem, the elder brother of Japheth, the father of all the sons of Eber. 22 The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram. 23 The sons of Aram were: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.
   6. Jubilees 9:5 And for Aram there came forth the fourth portion, all the land of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates to the north of the Chaldees to the border of the mountains of Asshur and the land of ‘Arara.
4. Genesis 38:7 Er, the firstborn of Judah, was wicked in the sight of YHWH. So [Elohim]^(LXX) killed him.
   1. Jubilees 41:2-3 But he hated, and did not lie with her, because his mother was of the daughters of Canaan, and he wished to take him a wife of the kinsfolk of his mother, but Judah, his father, would not permit him. 3. And this Er, the first-born of Judah, was wicked, and the Lord slew him.
   2. Testament of Judah 2:11 Now Er was wicked, and he was in need concerning Tamar, because she was not of the land of Canaan. 12 And on the third night an angel of the Lord smote him. 13 And he had not known her according to the evil craftiness of his mother, for he did not wish to have children by her.
5. Genesis 38:8 Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother’s wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her, and raise up seed for your brother.”
   1. Jubilees 41:4 And Judah said unto Onan, his brother: “Go in unto thy brother’s wife and perform the duty of a husband’s brother unto her, and raise up seed unto thy brother.”
   2. Deuteronomy 25:5-10 If brothers dwell together, and one of them dies and has no son, the wife of the dead will not be married outside to a stranger. Her husband’s brother will go in to her, and take her as his wife, and perform the duty of a husband’s brother to her. 6 It will be that the firstborn whom she bears will succeed in the name of his brother who is dead, that his name not be blotted out of Israel. 7 If the man doesn’t want to take his brother’s wife, then his brother’s wife will go up to the gate to the elders, and say, “My husband’s brother refuses to raise up to his brother a name in Israel. He will not perform the duty of a husband’s brother to me.” 8 Then the elders of his city will call him, and speak to him. If he stands and says, “I don’t want to take her,” 9 then his brother’s wife will come to him in the face of the elders, and loose his sandal from off his foot, and spit in his face. She will answer and say, “So will it be done to the man who does not build up his brother’s house.” 10 His name will be called in Israel, “The house of him who had his sandal removed.”
6. Genesis 38:9-10 Onan knew that the seed wouldn’t be his; and when he went in to his brother’s wife, he corrupted on the land, lest he should give seed to his brother. 10 The thing which he did was evil in the sight of YHWH, and [Elohim]^(LXX) killed him also.
   1. Jubilees 41:5 And Onan knew that the seed would not be his, (but) his brother’s only, and he went into the house of his brother’s wife, and spilt the seed on the ground, and he was wicked in the eyes of the Lord, and He slew him.
   2. Testament of Judah 2:14 In the days of the wedding feast I gave Onan to her in marriage; and he also in wickedness knew her not, though he spent with her a year. 15 And when I threatened him he went in unto her, but he spilled the seed on the ground, according to the command of his mother, and he also died through wickedness.
7. Genesis 38:11 Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in your father’s house, until Shelah, my son, is grown up;” for he said, “Lest he also die, like his brothers.” Tamar went and lived in her father’s house.
   1. Jubilees 41:6-7 And Judah said unto Tamar, his daughter-in-law: “Remain in thy father’s house as a widow till Shelah my son be grown up, and I will give thee to him to wife.” 7. And he grew up; but Bêdsû’êl, the wife of Judah, did not permit her son Shelah to marry. And Bêdsû’êl, the wife of Judah, died in the fifth year of this week [2168 A.M.].
   2. Testament of Judah 2:16 And I wished to give Shelah also to her, but his mother did not permit it; for she wrought evil against Tamar, because she was not the daughters of Canaan, as she also herself was.
8. Genesis 38:12 After many days, the daughter of Shua (Bathshua), the wife of Judah, died. Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheep shearers to Timnah, he and his shepherd Hirah, the Adullamite.
9. Genesis 38:13-14 Tamar was told, “Behold, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.” 14 She took off the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she wasn’t given to him as a wife.
   1. Testament of Judah 2:19-21 And while I was away she went and took for Shelah a wife from Canaan. 20 And when I knew what she had done, I cursed her in the anguish of my soul. 21 And she also died through her wickedness together with her sons.
10. Genesis 38:15-18 When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a whore, for she had covered her face. 16 He turned to her by the way, and said, “Please come, let me come in to you,” for he didn’t know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?” 17 He said, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, “Will you give me a pledge, until you send it?” 18 He said, “What pledge will I give you?” She said, “Your signet and your cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” He gave them to her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him.
    1. Testament of Judah 2:22-27 And after these things, while Tamar was a widow, she heard after two years that I was going up, to shear my sheep, and adorned herself in bridal array, and sat in the city Enaim by the gate. 23 For it was a law of the Amorites, that she who was about to marry should sit in fornication seven days by the gate. 24 Therefore being drunk with wine, I did not recognize her; and her beauty deceived me, through the fashion of her adorning. 25 And I turned aside to her, and said: Let me go in unto thee. 26 And she said: What wilt thou give me? And I gave her my staff, and my girdle, and the diadem of my reign in pledge. 27 And I went in unto her, and she conceived.
11. Genesis 38:19-24 She arose, and went away, and put off her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. 20 Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his shepherd, the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the hand of the woman, but he didn’t find her. 21 Then he asked the men of her place, saying, “Where is the whore, that was at Enaim by the road?” They said, “There has been no whore here.” 22 He returned to Judah, and said, “I haven’t found her; and also the men of the place said, ‘There has been no whore here.’ ” 23 Judah said, “Let her keep it, lest we be shamed. Behold, I sent this young goat, and you haven’t found her.”
12. Genesis 38:24 About three months later, Judah was told, “Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has whored. Moreover, behold, she is with child by whoring.” Judah said, “Bring her out, and let her be burned.”
    1. Jubilees 41:16-18 And when she had completed three months, it was manifest that she was with child, and they told Judah, saying: “Behold Tamar, thy daughter-in-law, is with child by whoredom.” 17. And Judah went to the house of her father, and said unto her father and her brothers: “Bring her forth, and let them burn her, for she hath wrought uncleanness in Israel.” 18. And it came to pass when they brought her forth to burn her that she sent to her father-in-law the ring and the necklace, and the staff, saying: “Discern whose are these, for by him am I with child.”
    2. Leviticus 21:9 The daughter of any priest, if she profanes herself by whoring (G1608), she profanes her father. She will be burned with fire.
    3. Leviticus 20:14 If a man takes a wife and her mother, it is wickedness. They will be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you.
    4. Deuteronomy 23:14, 17 for YHWH your Elohim walks in the middle of your camp, to deliver you, and to give up your enemies before you. Therefore your camp will be holy, that he may not see an unclean thing in you, and turn away from you…17 There will be no whore (G4204) of the daughters of Israel, neither will there be a whore (G4203) of the sons of Israel.
       1. G1608 ἐκπορνεύω ekporneuō – verb – to go a whoring, “give one’s self over to fornication”
          G4202 πορνεία porneia – noun feminine – illicit sexual intercourse; 1a) adultery, fornication, homosexuality, lesbianism, intercourse with animals etc. 1b) sexual intercourse with close relatives; 1c) sexual intercourse with a divorced man or woman
          G4203 πορνεύω porneuō – verb – 1) to whore one’s body to the lust of another 2) to give one’s self to unlawful sexual intercourse 2a) to commit fornication
          G1608 ἐκπορνεύω ekporneuō – verb – to go a whoring, “give one’s self over to fornication”
          G4204 πόρνη pornē – noun feminine – 1) a woman who sells her body for sexual uses 1a) a whore, a harlot, one who yields herself to defilement for the sake of gain 1b) any woman indulging in unlawful sexual intercourse, whether for gain or for lust
          G4205 πόρνος pornos – noun masculine – 1) a man who whores his body to another’s lust for hire 2) a male whore 3) a man who indulges in unlawful sexual intercourse, a fornicator.
    5. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Tamar was brought forth to be burned, and she searched for the three pledges, but found them not. Uplifting her eyes to the heavens above, she thus said, Mercy I implore from Thee, o Lord: answer Thou me in this hour of need, and enlighten mine eyes to find the three witnesses; and I will dedicate unto Thee from my loins three saints who will sanctify Thy name, and descend to the furnace of fire in the plain of Dura. In that hour the Holy One, blessed be He, signed to Michael, who enlightened her eyes, that she found (the witnesses) and took and cast them before the, feet of the judges, and said, The man to whom these pledges belong is he by whom I am with child. Yet though I may be burned I do not make him manifest: nevertheless the Lord of the world will cause him in his heart to acknowledged them, and will deliver me from this great judgment.
       1. Now when Jehuda saw them, he recognised them, and said in his heart, It is better for me to be ashamed in this world that passeth away, than be ashamed in the faces of my righteous fathers in the world to come. It is better that I burn in this world by a fire that is extinguished, than burn in the world to come with fire devouring fire. For measure is set against measure. This is according to that which I said to Jakob my father, Know now the robe of thy son; so am I now constrained to hear at the place of judgment, Whose are this seal and mantle and staff? And Jehuda, acknowledged and said, Tamar is innocent; she is with child by me. And the Bath kol fell from heaven, and said, From before Me was this thing done, and let both be delivered from judgment. And Jehuda said, Because I gave her not to Shela my son, hath this happened to me. But he added not to know her again.
          1. Bath Kol (בת קול), meaning “daughter of a voice” or “echo,” refers to a voice from heaven that serves as a form of divine communication, particularly in the absence of prophecy. It’s a unique concept where a disembodied voice, often described as a gentle or echoing sound, conveys God’s will or judgment.
    6. Jerusalem Targum Tamar was brought forth to be burned with fire; and she sought the three witnesses but found them not. She lifted up her eyes on high and said For mercy I pray before the Lord. Thou art He, O Lord God, who answerest the afflicted in the hour of their affliction; answer me in this the hour of my affliction, and I will dedicate to thee three saints in the valley of Dura, Hananya, Mishael, and Azarya (cf. Daniel 1:6-7). [In that hour the Word of the Lord heard the voice of her supplication and said to Mikael, “Descend, and let her eyes have light…” When she saw them, she took them, and cast them before the feet of the judges, saying By the man to whom these belong I am with child. But though I may be burned I declare him not, but confide in the Ruler of all the world the Lord who is witness between me and him, that He will give to the heart of the man to whom these belong, to ac­knowledge whose are these his ring, and mantle, and staff.
13. Genesis 38:25-26 When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, “I am with child by the man who owns these.” She also said, “Please discern whose these are—the signet, and the cords, and the staff.” 26 Judah acknowledged them, and said, “She is more righteous than I, because I didn’t give her to Shelah, my son.” He knew her again no more.
    1. Testament of Judah 2:28-33 And not knowing what I had done, I wished to slay her; but she privily sent my pledges, and put me to shame. 29 And when I called her, I heard also the secret words which I spoke when lying with her in my drunkenness; and I could not slay her, because it was from the Lord. 30 For I said, Lest haply she did it in subtlety, having received the pledge from another woman. 31 But I came not again near her while I lived, because I had done this abomination in all Israel. 32 Moreover, they who were in the city said there was no harlot in the gate, because she came from another place, and sat for a while in the gate. 33 And I thought that no one knew that I had gone in to her.
    2. Jubilees 41:19-20 And Judah acknowledged, and said: “Tamar is more righteous than I am. And therefore let them burn her not.” 20. And for that reason she was not given to Shelah, and he did not again approach her.
    3. Jubilees 41:23-28 And Judah acknowledged that the deed which he had done was evil, for he had lain with his daughter-in-law, and he esteemed it hateful in his eyes, and he acknowledged that he had transgressed and gone astray; for he had uncovered the skirt of his son, and he began to lament and to supplicate before the Lord because of his transgression. 24. And we told him in a dream that it was forgiven him because he supplicated earnestly, and lamented, and did not again commit it. 25. And he received forgiveness because he turned from his sin and from his ignorance, for he transgressed greatly before our Elohim; and every one that acteth thus, every one who lieth with his mother-in-law, let them burn him with fire that he may bum therein, for there is uncleanness and pollution upon them; with fire let them burn them. 26. And do thou command the sons of Israel that there be no uncleanness amongst them, for every one who lieth with his daughter-in-law or with his mother-in-law hath wrought uncleanness; with fire let them burn the man who hath lain with her, and likewise the woman, and He will turn away wrath and punishment from Israel. 27. And unto Judah we said that his two sons had not lain with her, and for this reason his seed was established for a second generation, and would not be rooted out. 28. For in singleness of eye he had gone and sought for punishment, namely, according to the judgment of Abraham, which he had commanded his sons (cf. Jubilees 20:4), Judah had sought to burn her with fire.
       1. Jubilees 20:1-4 And in the forty-second jubilee, in the first year of the †seventh† week, Abraham called Ishmael, and his twelve sons, and Isaac and his two sons, and the six sons of Keturah, and their sons. 2. And he commanded them that they should observe the way of the Lord; that they should work righteousness, and love each his neighbour, and act on this manner amongst all men; that they should each so walk with regard to them as to do judgment and righteousness on the land. 3. That they should circumcise their sons, according to the covenant which He had made with them, and not deviate to the right hand or the left of all the paths which the Lord had commanded us; and that we should keep ourselves from all fornication and uncleanness. 4. And if any woman or maid commit fornication amongst you, burn her with fire, and let them not commit fornication with her after their eyes and their heart; and let them not take to themselves wives from the daughters of Canaan; for the seed of Canaan will be rooted out of the land.
    4. Leviticus 20:14 If a man takes a wife and her mother, it is wickedness. They will be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you.
    5. Jerusalem Targum The Bath kol came forth from heaven, and said, Both of you are acquitted in the judgment. The thing was from the Lord. And he added not to know her.
14. Genesis 38:27-30 In the time of her travail, behold, twins were in her womb. 28 When she travailed, one put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, “This came out first.” 29 As he drew back his hand, behold, his brother came out, and she said, “Why have you made a breach for yourself?” Therefore his name was called Perez. 30 Afterward his brother came out, who had the scarlet thread on his hand, and his name was called Zerah.
    1. Jubilees 41:21 And after that she bare two sons, Perez and Zerah, in the seventh year of this second week [2170 A.M.].
    2. Ruth 4:12 Let your house be like the house of Perez, whom Tamar bore to Judah, of the seed which YHWH will give you by this young woman.
15. Jubilees 41:22 And thereupon the seven years of fruitfulness were accomplished, of which Joseph spake to Pharaoh.
16. Testament of Judah 2:34-35 And after this we came into Egypt to Joseph, because of the famine. 35 And I was forty and six years old, and seventy and three years lived I in Egypt.