Study Notes Week 69

Torah Study Notes for Week 69 of the Torah Reading Cycle

Read
Aloud together to hear the Word (Leviticus 23:1-3; Nehemiah 8:1-4; Luke 4:16-17)

  • Torah (T): Shemot (Exodus) 19:1-25
  • Prophets (P): Jeremiah 7:17-28
  • Apostolic (A): 1 Peter 2:1-25
  • Additional (ADD): Jubilees 1:1-29

Torah Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

Shemot (Exodus) 19:1-25

19:1 In the third month after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai. 2 When they had departed from Rephidim, and had come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mountain. 3 Moses went up to Elohim, and YHWH called to him out of the mountain, saying, “This is what you shall tell the house of Jacob, and tell the sons of Israel: 4 ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles' wings, and brought you to myself. 5 Now therefore, if you will indeed hear in my voice and guard my covenant, then you shall be my own possession from among all peoples; for all the land is mine; 6 and you shall be to me a [royal priesthood](LXX)(cf. 1 Peter 2:9) and a holy nation.' These are the words which you shall speak to the sons of Israel.” 7 Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which [Elohim](LXX) commanded him. 8 All the people answered together, and said, “All that [Elohim](LXX) has spoken we will do.” Moses reported the words of the people to [Elohim].(LXX) 9 YHWH said to Moses, “Behold, I come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.” Moses told the words of the people to YHWH. 10 YHWH said to Moses, “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments, 11 and be ready for the third day; for on the third day YHWH will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai. 12 You shall set bounds to the people all around, saying, ‘Be careful that you don't go up onto the mountain, or touch its border. Whoever touches the mountain shall be surely put to death. 13 No hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether it is animal or man, he shall not live.' When the [yovel] sounds long, they shall come up to the mountain.” 14 Moses went down from the mountain to the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes. 15 He said to the people, “Be ready by the third day. Don't have sexual relations with a woman.” 16 On the third day, when it was morning, there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud shophar; and all the people who were in the camp trembled. 17 Moses led the people out of the camp to meet Elohim; and they stood at the lower part of the mountain. 18 All of Mount Sinai smoked, because [Elohim](LXX) descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly. 19 When the voice of the shofar grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and [the elohim](MTT) answered him by a voice. 20 YHWH came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain. YHWH called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. 21 [Elohim](LXX) said to Moses, “Go down, warn the people, lest they break through to [Elohim](LXX) to gaze, and many of them perish. 22 Let the priests also, who come near to [Elohim],(LXX) sanctify themselves, lest YHWH break out on them.” 23 Moses said to [Elohim],(LXX) “The people can't come up to Mount Sinai, for you warned us, saying, ‘Set bounds around the mountain, and sanctify it.' ” 24 YHWH said to him, “Go down! You shall bring Aaron up with you, but don't let the priests and the people break through to come up to [Elohim],(LXX) lest he break out against them.” 25 So Moses went down to the people, and told them.

Review

Exodus 19:1-25

  1. 19:1-2 In the third month after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai. 2 When they had departed from Rephidim, and had come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mountain.
  2. 19:3-6 Moses went up to Elohim, and YHWH called to him out of the mountain, saying, “This is what you shall tell the house of Jacob, and tell the sons of Israel: 4 ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings, and brought you to myself. 5 Now therefore, if you will indeed hear in my voice and guard my covenant, then you shall be my own possession from among all peoples; for all the land is mine; 6 and you shall be to me a [royal priesthood](LXX)(cf. 1 Peter 2:9) and a holy nation.’ These are the words which you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”
    1. Often translated as “obey or listen to my voice” שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי shema beqoli (H8085 + H6963) is literally translated, “hear in my voice”
    2. בְּרִית beriyt or brit (H1285) literally means “to eat meat” and comes from a root word which means to feed grain to a person or livestock to fill or fatten them up. Livestock were fed grains to become fat as the choicest for slaughter. When related to covenants in the Bible, a covenant was established through a sacrifice of a choice, fatted, animal which was cut in two and the parties of the covenant would pass through the two divided pieces of the cut animal (cf. Genesis 15:9-10, 17-21; Jeremiah 34:18-20). If either party who has passed through the pieces fails to meet the agreed upon words of the covenant, then the party who has not broken the covenant are allowed to “cut them off” from the covenant just as the animals were cut (cf. Genesis 17:14 “…that soul shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant.“) Most often translated “cut a covenant” כָּרַת בְּרִית karat berit (H3772 + H1285) literally means “cut a covenant” because the animal sacrificed when a covenant is enter into is cut in half (cf. Genesis 15:9-10,17-18; Exodus 24:8; Hebrews 9:16-20).
    3. דָּבָר davar H1697) means “to order” in the sense of an arrangement or placement of something to create order. In Hebraic thought, “a word” is a completed thought, not babbling incoherence (cf. Sirach 7:14; Matthew 6:7). דָּבָר davar is equivalent to the Greek word λόγος logos which is a word, uttered by a living voice, that embodies a conception or idea.
      • Prattle – to talk at length in a foolish or inconsequential way
      • Babble – to talk rapidly and continuously in a foolish, excited, or incomprehensible way
    4. 1 Peter 2:1-12 Putting away therefore all wickedness, all deceit, hypocrisies, envies, and all evil speaking, 2 as newborn babies, long for the pure spiritual milk, that with it you may grow, 3 if indeed you have tasted that the Lord is gracious. 4 Come to him, a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by Elohim, precious. 5 You also as living stones are built up as a spiritual house, to be a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to Elohim through Yeshua the Messiah. 6 Because it is contained [in](mss) Scripture, “Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, chosen and precious. He who believes in him will not be disappointed.” (cf. Isaiah 28:16) 7 For you who believe therefore is the honor, but for those who [do not believe],(mss) “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone,” (cf. Psalms 118:22) 8 and, “a stumbling stone and a rock of offense.” (cf. Isaiah 8:14) For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed. 9 But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for the possession of Elohim, that you may proclaim the excellence of him who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light. 10 In the past, you were not a people, but now are the people of Elohim, who had not obtained mercy, but now have obtained mercy. 11 Beloved, I beg you as foreigners and pilgrims to abstain from fleshly lusts which war against the soul, 12 having good behavior among the nations, so in that of which they speak against you as evildoers, they may see your good works and glorify Elohim in the day of visitation.
  3. 19:7-8 Moses came and called for the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which [Elohim](LXX) commanded him. 8 All the people answered together, and said, “All that [Elohim](LXX) has spoken we will do.” Moses reported the words of the people to [Elohim].(LXX)
  4. 19:9 YHWH said to Moses, “Behold, I come to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever.” Moses told the words of the people to YHWH.
    1. Most often translated, “forever,” עוֹלָם ‘olam literally means, “to a hidden time” as in a time hidden from the present; a distant time in the past or future. עוֹלָם ‘olam is equivalent to the Greek εις τον αιώνα (eis ton aióna) which means “in the age”. In modern Greek, αιώνα (aióna or eon) means “century” (a period of 100 years), but likely referred to a period of unspecified time in ancient Greek (cf. Strong’s G165).
  5. 19:10 YHWH said to Moses, “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments, 11 and be ready for the third day; for on the third day YHWH will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai. 12 You shall set bounds to the people all around, saying, ‘Be careful that you don’t go up onto the mountain, or touch its border. Whoever touches the mountain shall be surely put to death. 13 No hand shall touch him, but he shall surely be stoned or shot through; whether it is animal or man, he shall not live.’ When the [yovel] sounds long, they shall come up to the mountain.”
    1. Usually translated as “jubilee” from the Latin Jubilaeus, יוֹבֵל yovel (H3104) is the horn of a ram used to announce the time of celebration (cf. Exodus 19:13).
    2. 2 Corinthians 6:16-18 “…Even as Elohim said, “I will dwell in them and walk in them. I will be their Elohim and they will be my people.” (cf. Leviticus 26:12; Jeremiah 32:38; Ezekiel 37:27) 17 Therefore“ ‘Come out from among them, and be separate,’ says YHWH. ‘Touch no unclean thing. I will receive you. (cf. Isaiah 52:11; Ezekiel 20:34,41) 18 I will be to you a Father. You will be to me sons and daughters,’ says the Lord Almighty.” (cf. 2 Samuel 7:14; 7:8)
  6. 19:14 Moses went down from the mountain to the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes. 15 He said to the people, “Be ready by the third day. Don’t have sexual relations with a woman.” 16 On the third day, when it was morning, there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain, and the sound of an exceedingly loud shophar; and all the people who were in the camp trembled. 17 Moses led the people out of the camp to meet Elohim; and they stood at the lower part of the mountain. 18 All of Mount Sinai smoked, because [Elohim](LXX) descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly. 19 When the voice of the shofar grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and [the elohim](MTT) answered him by a voice. 20 YHWH came down on Mount Sinai, to the top of the mountain. YHWH called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up. 21 [Elohim](LXX) said to Moses, “Go down, warn the people, lest they break through to [Elohim](LXX) to gaze, and many of them perish. 22 Let the priests also, who come near to [Elohim],(LXX) sanctify themselves, lest YHWH break out on them.” 23 Moses said to [Elohim],(LXX) “The people can’t come up to Mount Sinai, for you warned us, saying, ‘Set bounds around the mountain, and sanctify it.’ ” 24 YHWH said to him, “Go down! You shall bring Aaron up with you, but don’t let the priests and the people break through to come up to [Elohim],(LXX) lest he break out against them.” 25 So Moses went down to the people, and told them.

Apostolic Summary
Context and coherence (Nehemiah 8:8)

  1. The past year of teaching through the Apostolic portions has really highlighted how much the Torah focuses on relationship.

    1. Relationship is simply how two or more people connect and/or interact with each other.

  2. So much more than a “Law”, YHWH’s teaching and instructions are a guidebook for living in health, harmony and wholeness (shalom) with Him and our fellow humans.

    1. Since the giving of the Torah, man’s wisdom has analyzed and systematized it to the point where the central theme of loving relationships has largely been covered over and forgotten.

      1. “And one of them, a lawyer, asked [Yeshua] a question to test him. ‘Teacher, which is the great commandment in the Law?’ And he said to him, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets” (Mat. 22:35–40).

    2. When someone argues that Believers are no longer required to keep the Law, they are essentially arguing against the very things that establish love in our relationships – first with God and then with others.

  3. Today we’re going to talk about love as the standard of maturity in the faith and how only it is only through the power of the Gospel to transform the human heart that we can keep the Torah and the standard of love for relationships that it commands.

Apostolic Exhortation
Counsel, comfort, and encouragement (Acts 13:14-15)

  1. Before we can talk about what love looks like and how we can know that we are practicing it according to God’s design, we need to examine a fundamental philosophical question.

    1. “Is man’s heart inherently good or evil, moral or immoral?”

  2. Philosophers from Plato to Aristotle and down the line have had different perspectives, but in general, the common theme is the same.

      1. Namely, that the human heart is neither purely moral nor immoral; rather, it is morally ambivalent.

        1. Yet it is also responsible — e.g. shaped by choices, habits, relationships, and values.

    2. Consequently, humans are born with the capacity for virtue and morality but that it must be developed through habit, education, and character.

      1. In this way, the heart is neither good nor bad by default; it becomes one or the other through practice.

    3. From this premise, we can see how the continuous struggle of humanity is to shape the heart of a human to produce virtue, morality and goodness.

      1. This can be achieved through education, religion, and external constraints that reward and punish moral and immoral behavior.

        1. Without a doubt, these things have value, are biblical and bring blessing to society.

  3. We are incredibly blessed to live when and where we do in Western civilization in the 21-st century.

    1. We have a strong criminal justice system that protects us and our property from violence and theft.

    2. Our society upholds standards of decency in human relationship and respect for, or at least acknowledgement of the God of the Bible, is largely woven into our culture.

  4. In this environment, it is easy to forget what the Bible teaches about the true nature of the human heart.

    1. From the story of Cain and Abel to the generations that preceded the flood, God’s Word, reveals clearly the nature of man.

      1. “The LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually” (Gen. 6:5).

    2. Throughout the rest of the Tanakh, we see this message reinforced.

      1. “Who can make the clean out of the unclean? No one! What is man, that he would be pure, or he who is born of a woman, that he would be righteous?” (Job 14:4; 15:14).

      2. “The Lord has looked down from heaven upon the sons of mankind to see if there are any who understand, who seek God. They have all turned aside, together they are corrupt; there is no one who does good, not even one” (Psa. 14:2-3).

      3. “Behold, I was brought forth in guilt, and in sin my mother conceived me” (Psa. 51:5).

      4. “The heart is more deceitful than all else and is desperately sick; who can understand it?” (Jer. 17:9).

  5. For most of us, it is hard to understand, much less accept the true nature of the human heart and how it affects relationships.

    1. First, we are inherently biased.

      1. To admit that the human heart is incurably wicked is to acknowledge our own sin, and to place that same standard upon ourselves and everyone else.

    2. Second, we have an innate tendency to measure according to external standards.

      1. “[F]or God does not see as man sees, since man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart” (1 Sam. 16:7b).

    3. Third, we are immersed in a culture that has redefined and reprioritized the values and virtues of goodness and morality.

      1. For example, by esteeming tolerance, empathy and acceptance above biblical standards of justice and mercy.

  6. The disciples also had a hard time with these questions.

    1. From the Sermon on the Mount to His interactions with the Pharisees, Yeshua was continually pointing the disciples back to the heart and away from external religiosity.

      1. The cultural setting of 1st-century Israel had become highly conditioned to view morality through the lens of religious observance.

        1. Righteousness was measured by external behavior and morality by adherence to man-made standards.

    2. “You hypocrites! Isaiah was right when he prophesied about you: ‘These people honor me with their lips, but their hearts are far from me. They worship me in vain; their teachings are merely human rules.’ Yeshua called the crowd to him and said, ‘Listen and understand. What goes into someone’s mouth does not defile them, but what comes out of their mouth, that is what defiles them” (Mat. 15:7-11).

      1. “But Peter said to him, ‘Explain the parable to us.’ And [Yeshua] said, ‘Are you still so dull? Do you not see that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the stomach and is expelled? But what comes out of the mouth proceeds from the heart, and this defiles a person. For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander. These are what defile a person. But to eat with unwashed hands does not defile anyone’” (Mat. 15:15–20).

        1. Note that Yeshua is highlighting the heart as the internal source of external violations of the covenant.

          1. You shall not commit murder (#6), adultery (#7), theft (#8), false witness (#9), evil thoughts (#10).

    3. At the same time, the paganism that surrounded Israel made it easy for her to assume the moral high ground vis-a-vis the Greeks and Romans.

      1. “There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. And he answered them, ‘Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way? No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish. Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them: do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others who lived in Jerusalem? No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish’” (Luk. 13:1–5).

KEY POINT:

Apart from Scripture, we will never be able to understand (i.e. “stand under”) God’s perspective of the human heart.

  1. The central message of the Gospel is that every descendant of Adam inherits a heart that must be made new.

    1. “Jesus answered him, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God. Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him’” (John 3:3).

  2. Now, let’s take this foundation and turn back to our portion.

    1. The Apostle Peter definitely struggled with understanding the nature of the human heart, especially his own.

      1. It was Peter’s unregenerate heart that continually caused him to walk in the flesh as he rebuked the Lord (Mat. 16:23), then cut off a man’s ear defending Him (John 18:10), only to subsequently deny Him three times after vowing that he never would do such a thing (Mat. 26:35,75).

  3. Yet we can see that he had matured by the time he wrote his first epistle.

    1. “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead” (1 Pet. 1:3).

      1. These are not just words of a saint to a bunch of sinners, but from a man whose life had been transformed by the new birth.

  4. After such a profound change in his own life, Peter emphasizes loving relationship – first with our Heavenly Father, and through Him, with one another.

    1. “As obedient children, do not be conformed to the former lusts which were yours in your ignorance, but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all your behavior; because it is written, ‘YOU SHALL BE HOLY, FOR I AM HOLY’” (1 Pet. 1:14-16).

      1. For Peter, obedience to Torah was an expression of love to the One who saves us.

        1. “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments” (Exo. 20:2–6).

        2. “If you love Me, you will keep My commandments. The one who has My commandments and keeps them is the one who loves Me; and the one who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and will reveal Myself to him’” (John 14:15,21).

        3. “And this is love that we walk according to His commandments. This is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning, that you are to walk in it” (2 John 1:6).

  5. For Peter, the new birth commences a process of transforming our souls so that we might learn how to love as God loves.

    1. “Since you have in the obedience of the truth purified (Strong’s #48- lit., ceremonially cleansed) your souls unto a sincere love of the brethren, fervently love one another from the heart, for you have been born again not of seed which is perishable but imperishable, that is, through the living and enduring word of God” (1 Pet. 1:22-23).

      1. Peter understood that the sacrificial system in the Torah was intended to be an outward exercise in inward purification.

        1. “Yet the Lord set His affection on your fathers, to love them, and He chose their descendants after them, you over all the other peoples, as it is this day. So, circumcise your heart, and do not stiffen your neck any longer” (Deut. 10:15-16).

KEY POINT:

The end of the sacrificial system did not set aside the role of the Torah in purifying our souls through obedience of the truth unto sincere love for God and for one another.

  1. So, what does Peter say that love looks like?

    1. “Therefore, putting aside all malice (#2549) and all deceit (#1388) and hypocrisy (#5272) and envy () and all slander(” (1 Pet. 2:1).

      1. G2549. kakia – “depravity”.

        1. The verb choice frames malice as a soiled garment discarded at conversion and kept off through Spirit-empowered discipline. (See also Eph. 4:31; Col. 3:8; Jam. 1:21).

        2. Peter uses the same word in verse 16 when he cautions Believers not to use freedom to cover up malice but as a means of serving God.

      2. G1388. dolos – “guile; deceit”.

        1. Lexicon: In Scripture dolos consistently describes the subtle, often hidden, manipulation that opposes the character of God and undermines covenant relationships among His people.

          1. We cannot manipulate people we truly love because we will be more concerned with their good than our own.

      3. G5272. hupokrisis – “deceit; hypocrisy”.

        1. Strong’s Greek 5272 names the interior duplicity that pretends to be something it is not. In Scripture it denotes a conscious, willful contrast between outward appearance and inward reality, especially in religious matters.

          1. Love is not the same thing as being polite.

            1. Polite: late 14c., “polished, burnished” (mid-13c. as a surname), from Latin politus “refined, elegant, accomplished,” literally “polished,” past participle of polire “to polish, to make smooth” (see polish (v.))

          2. While it’s good to have proper manners, if we forsake honest and real love for the sake of being polite, we have made it into an idol.

      4. G5355. pthonos – “envy”.

        1. Pthonos is the resentful longing that another person should not possess a good which one desires for oneself. Unlike godly jealousy, which protects covenant fidelity, envy springs from discontentment and distorted self-love. Scripture consistently treats it as a destructive heart-attitude that fractures fellowship with God and neighbor.

          1. A soul purified by obedience to the truth will be jealous for what God loves and rejoice when someone else obtains the good which we also desire.

      5. G2635. katalalia – “slander”.

        1. Lexicon: Strong’s Greek 2636 denotes malicious talk that tears down another’s reputation. While gossip may pass along information carelessly, katalalia is intentional defamation—speech aimed at diminishing, discrediting, or destroying someone in the eyes of others.

          1. The words we speak and don’t speak about others will define whether love characterizes our relationship with them.

  2. So, how do we apply this truth to our lives?

    1. #1 – Accept the truth about the nature of the human heart, beginning with your own.

      1. The standard of love set forth in Scripture and our utter inability to uphold it apart from the new birth, are equally indispensable aspects of the Gospel.

      2. Seeing the unregenerate heart as inherently corrupt should actually give us more compassion for our fellow man.

        1. We can then become the ones in the relationship to display the kind of Christlike love that shocks and surprises the unbeliever.

    2. #2 – Humble yourself and ask for grace.

      1. The Father wants us to acknowledge that like Peter, we lack understanding regarding how to love Him and love others.

      2. The telos (e.g. goal) of maturity in Torah is not merely externals but an inward renewal that produces the outward fruit of genuine love.

    3. # 3 – Practice, practice, practice!

      1. Real and honest love usually only emerges as a result of conflict, disagreement and/or competing interests.

      2. Challenge yourself to view these as opportunities for sincere, fervent love that stretches itself out beyond the place of comfort, safety, and politeness.

        1. Overcome your pride and fear by setting your eyes upon the higher goal of loving like He does.

“This is His commandment, that we believe in the name of His Son Yeshua the Messiah, and love one another, just as He commanded us.”

1 John 3:23

Does anyone have specific questions or need any clarification from what was said during the Summary or Exhortation?

Application & Discussion
Living the Word and following Yeshua (Acts 2:37; Romans 2:13)
Questions, input, and sharpening (Proverbs 27:17; Luke 2:46)

Romans 2:13 For it isn’t the hearers of the Torah who are righteous before Elohim, but the doers of the Torah will be justified.

James 1:22 But be doers of the word, and not only hearers, deluding your own selves.

        1. What questions or comments came up during your family’s discussion of this week’s study?
        2. “What other related Scriptures did you find during your study of this week’s portion?”
        3. Have you ever experienced something from this study or something related to it?
        4. “What changes do you need to make in your life to align with what you learned during this week’s Torah Study?”
        5. What is the nature of the human heart?
        6. What are your favorite verses about love?
        7. What is a test you have faced in a relationships? What did you learn about how to love?

Additional Notes