Topic Study

Download The Cord’s Passover Haggadah

Pesach + Matsah (Passover + Unleavened Bread)
  • Torah: Exodus 12:1-51; 13:1-20
  • Prophets: Joshua 5:1-12
  • Writings: Psalms 34:19-20
  • Apostolic: Luke 22:1-20
  • Additional: Jubilees 49:1-23

RELATED SCRIPTURES

  • Leviticus 23:4-8
  • Numbers 9:9-14; Numbers 15:13-16
  • Deuteronomy 16:1-8
  • Matthew 26:1-5, 17-19; Mark 14:12-16
  • Luke 2:39-52
  • John 2:1-25
  • John 6:1-70
  • John 11:45 – 13:8
  • John 18:28 – 19:19; Matthew 27:15-18
  • Acts 12:1-17
  • 1 Corinthians 5:1-8
  • 1 Corinthians 11:17-34
  • Hebrews 11:24-28
  • John 19:30-36; Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12; Jubilees 49:13

RELATED ADDITIONAL READINGS

  • The Temple Scroll 11QT Column 17
  • Jubilees 17:15-18; 18:1-19
  • Jubilees 48:5-8
  • Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 2.14.5-6

Torah

Exodus 12:1–51; 13:1-20

12:1 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This new moon shall be to you the beginning of new moons. It shall be the first new moon of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of [the sons of](DSS)(SP)(LXX) Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this new moon, they shall take to them every man a lamb [for each household, a lamb according to the fathers’ households].(DSS) 4 and if the household is too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor next to his house shall take one according to the number of the souls. You shall make your count for the lamb according to what everyone can eat. 5 Your lamb shall be without defect, a male a year old. You shall take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 You shall guard it for a charge until the fourteenth day of the new moon; and the whole assembly of the congregation of [the sons of](DSS)(SP)(LXX) Israel shall kill [them](DSS)at evening. 7 They shall take some of the blood, and put it on the two door posts and on the lintel, on the houses in which they shall eat it. 8 They shall eat the meat in that night, roasted with fire, with unleavened bread. They shall eat it with bitter herbs. 9 Don’t eat it raw, nor [cooked or boiled](DSS) with water, but roasted with fire; with its head, its legs and its inner parts. 10 You shall let nothing of it remain until the morning [and a bone of it you shall not break];(LXX) but that which remains of it until the morning you shall burn with fire. 11 This is how you shall eat it: with your belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in haste: it is the Pesach of YHWH. 12 For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal. I will execute judgments against all the Elohim of Egypt. I am YHWH. 13 The blood shall be to you for a sign on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will [shelter](LXX) you, and no plague will be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. 14 This day shall be a memorial for you. You shall hold a feast to YHWH. You shall hold a feast throughout your generations by a statute forever. 15 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; even the first day you shall put away leaven out of your houses, for whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel. 16 In the first day there shall be to you a holy convocation, and in the seventh day a holy convocation; no kind of work shall be done in them, except that which every man must eat, only that may be done by you. 17 You shall guard the feast of unleavened bread; for in the bone of this day I have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall guard this day throughout your generations by a statute forever. 18 In the first new moon, on the fourteenth day of the new moon at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty first day of the new moon at evening. 19 There shall be no leaven found in your houses for seven days, for whoever eats that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger, or one who is born in the land. 20 You shall eat nothing leavened. In all your habitations you shall eat unleavened bread.’ ” 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of [the sons of](LXX) Israel, and said to them, “Draw out, and take lambs according to your families, and kill the Pesach. 22 You shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two door posts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23 For YHWH will cross over to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two door posts, YHWH will hop over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you. 24 You shall guard this word for an ordinance to you and to your sons forever. 25 It shall happen when you have come to the land which YHWH will give you, as he has promised, that you shall guard this service. 26 It will happen, when your sons ask you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 that you shall say, ‘It is the slaughtering of the Pesach of YHWH, who [sheltered](LXX) the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians, and spared our houses.’ ” The people bowed their heads and did obeisance. 28 The sons of Israel went and did so; as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 29 At midnight, YHWH struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. 30 Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31 He called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise up, get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, serve YHWH, as you have said! 32 Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also!” 33 The Egyptians were urgent with the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, “We are all dead men.” 34 The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their garments on their shoulders. 35 The sons of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing. 36 YHWH gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. They plundered the Egyptians. 37 The sons of Israel traveled from Rameses to Sukkot, about six hundred thousand on foot who were men, in addition to little ones. 38 A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock. 39 They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought out of Egypt; for it wasn’t leavened, because [Egypt drove them out],(DSS) and couldn’t wait, and they had not prepared any food for themselves. 40 Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in [the land of Canaan and the land of](LXX) Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41 At the end of four hundred thirty years, to the day, all of armies of YHWH went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It is a night to be much observed to YHWH for bringing them out from the land of Egypt. This is that night of YHWH, to be much observed by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations. 43 YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Pesach. No son of a foreigner shall eat of it, 44 but every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then shall he eat of it. 45 A sojourner and a hired-servant shall not eat of it. 46 It must be eaten in one house. You shall not carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones. 47 All the congregation of Israel shall do it. 48 When a stranger sojourns with you, and would like to do the Pesach to YHWH, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and do it. He shall be as one who is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. 49 One Torah shall be to him who is born at home, and to the stranger who sojourns among you.” 50 All the sons of Israel did so. As YHWH commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 51 That same day, YHWH brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

13:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Set apart to me all the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the sons of Israel, both of man and of animal. It is mine.” 3 Moses said to the people, “Remember this day, in which you came out of [the land of](DSS)(LXX) Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand YHWH brought you out from this place. No leavened bread shall be eaten. 4 Today you go out in the month Aviv. 5 It shall be, when YHWH [your Elohim](DSS)(LXX) brings you into the land of the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Amorite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, which he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, that you shall serve this service in this month. 6 Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and in the seventh day shall be a feast to YHWH. 7 Unleavened bread shall be eaten throughout the seven days; and no leavened bread shall be seen with you. No leaven shall be seen with you, within all your borders. 8 You shall tell your son in that day, saying, ‘It is because of that which YHWH did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ 9 It shall be for a sign to you on your hand, and for a memorial between your eyes, that the Torah of YHWH may be in your mouth; for with a strong hand YHWH has brought you out of Egypt. 10 You shall therefore guard this ordinance in its appointed time from year to year. 11 “It shall be, when YHWH [your Elohim](DSS)(LXX) brings you into the land of the Canaanite, as he swore to you and to your fathers, and will give it you, 12 that you shall cross over to YHWH all that opens the womb, and every firstborn that comes from an animal which you have. The males shall belong to YHWH. 13 Every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb; and if you will not redeem it, then you shall break its neck; and you shall redeem all the firstborn of man among your sons. 14 It shall be, when your son asks you in time to come, saying, ‘What is this?’ that you shall tell him, ‘By strength of hand YHWH brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage. 15 When Pharaoh made it hard to send us, YHWH killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of livestock. Therefore I slaughter to YHWH all that opens the womb, being males; but all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.’ 16 It shall be for a sign on your hand, and for symbols between your eyes; for by strength of hand YHWH brought us out of Egypt.” 17 When Pharaoh had let the people go, Elohim didn’t lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for Elohim said, “Lest perhaps the people change their minds when they see war, and they return to Egypt”; 18 but Elohim led the people around by the way of the wilderness by the Sea at the End; and the sons of Israel went up [armed for battle](MTT) in fifties out of the land of Egypt. 19 Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for [Joseph](LXX)(SP) had made the sons of Israel swear, saying, “Elohim will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones away from here with you.” 20 They took their journey from Sukkot, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness.

Prophets

Joshua 5:1-12

When all the kings of the Amorites, who were beyond the Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, who were by the sea, heard how YHWH had dried up the waters of the Jordan from before the sons of Israel until we had crossed over, their heart melted, and there was no more spirit in them, because of the sons of Israel. 2 At that time, YHWH said to Joshua, “Make flint knives, and circumcise again the sons of Israel the second time.” 3 Joshua made himself flint knives, and circumcised the sons of Israel at the hill of the foreskins. 4 This is the reason Joshua circumcised them: all the people who came out of Egypt, who were males, even all the men of war, died in the wilderness along the way, after they came out of Egypt. 5 For all the people who came out were circumcised; but all the people who were born in the wilderness along the way as they came out of Egypt had not been circumcised. 6 For the sons of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness until all the nation, even the men of war who came out of Egypt, were consumed, because they didn’t listen to the voice YHWH. YHWH swore to them that he wouldn’t let them see the land which YHWH swore to their fathers that he would give us, a land flowing with milk and honey. 7 Their sons, whom he raised up in their place, were circumcised by Joshua, for they were uncircumcised, because they had not circumcised them on the way. 8 When they were done circumcising the whole nation, they stayed in their places in the camp until they were healed. 9 YHWH said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” Therefore the name of that place was called Gilgal to this day. 10 The sons of Israel encamped in Gilgal. They kept the Pesach on the fourteenth day of the new moon at evening in the plains of Jericho. 11 They ate unleavened cakes and parched grain of the produce of the land on the next day after the Pesach, in the same day. 12 The manna ceased on the next day, after they had eaten of the produce of the land. The sons of Israel didn’t have manna any more, but they ate of the fruit of the land of Canaan that year.

Writings

Psalms 34:19-20

34:19 Many are the afflictions of the righteous, but YHWH delivers him out of them all. 20 He protects all of his bones. Not one of them is broken.

Apostolic

Luke 22:1–20

Now the feast of unleavened bread, which is called the Pesach, was approaching. 2 The chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put him to death, for they feared the people. 3 Satan entered into Judah, who was also called Iscariot, who was counted with the twelve. 4 He went away and talked with the chief priests and captains about how he might deliver him to them. 5 They were glad, and agreed to give him money. 6 He consented and sought an opportunity to deliver him to them in the absence of the multitude. 7 The day of unleavened bread came, on which the Pesach must be slaughtered. 8 Yeshua sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Pesach for us, that we may eat.” 9 They said to him, “Where do you want us to prepare?” 10 He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered into the city, a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him into the house which he enters. 11 Tell the owner of the house, ‘The Rabbi says to you, “Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Pesach with my disciples?” ‘ 12 He will show you a large, furnished upper room. Make preparations there.” 13 They went, found things as Yeshua had told them, and they prepared the Pesach. 14 When the hour had come, he sat down with the twelve emissaries. 15 He said to them, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Pesach with you before I suffer, 16 for I tell you, I will no longer by any means eat of it until it is fulfilled in the reign of Elohim.” 17 He received a cup, and when he had given thanks, he said, “Take this and share it among yourselves, 18 for I tell you, I will not drink at all again from the fruit of the vine, until the reign of Elohim comes.” 19 He took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke and gave it to them, saying, “This is my body which is given for you. Do this in memory of me.” 20 Likewise, he took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the renewed covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

1 Corinthians 11:17-34

11:17 But in giving you this command I don’t praise you, because you come together not for the better but for the worse. 18 For first of all, when you come together in the assembly, I hear that divisions exist among you, and I partly believe it. 19 For there also must be factions among you, that those who are approved may be revealed among you. 20 When therefore you assemble yourselves together, it is not the Lord’s supper that you eat. 21 For in your eating each one takes his own supper first. One is hungry, and another is drunken. 22 What, don’t you have houses to eat and to drink in? Or do you despise the assembly of Elohim and put them to shame who don’t have enough? What shall I tell you? Will I praise you? In this I don’t praise you. 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you, that the Lord Yeshua on the night in which he was betrayed took bread. 24 When he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory of me.” 25 In the same way he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the renewed covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink, in memory of me.” 26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. 27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks the Lord’s cup in a way unworthy of the Lord will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy way eats and drinks judgment to himself if he doesn’t discern the Lord’s body. 30 For this cause many among you are weak and sickly, and not a few sleep. 31 For if we discerned ourselves, we wouldn’t be judged. 32 But when we are judged, we are disciplined by the Lord, that we may not be condemned with the world. 33 Therefore, my brothers, when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 34 But if anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, lest your coming together be for judgment. The rest I will set in order whenever I come.

Additional

Jubilees 49:1-23

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

49:1 Remember the commandment which YHWH commanded you concerning the Pesach, that you should celebrate it in its season on the fourteenth of the first new moon, that you should kill it before it is evening, and that they should eat it by night on the evening of the fifteenth from the time of the setting of the sun. 2 For on this night -the beginning of the festival and the beginning of the joy- you were eating the Pesach in Egypt, when all the powers of Mastema had been let loose to slay all the first-born in the land of Egypt, from the first-born of Pharaoh to the first-born of the captive maid-servant in the mill, and to the cattle. 3 And this is the sign which YHWH gave them: Into every house on the lintels of which they saw the blood of a lamb of the first year, into that house they should not enter to slay, but should pass by it, that all those should be saved that were in the house because the sign of the blood was on its lintels. 4 And the powers of YHWH did everything according as YHWH commanded them, and they passed by all the sons of Israel, and the plague came not upon them to destroy from amongst them any soul either of cattle, or man, or dog. 5 And the plague was very grievous in Egypt, and there was no house in Egypt where there was not one dead, and weeping and lamentation. 6 And all Israel was eating the flesh of the paschal lamb, and drinking the wine, and was lauding, and blessing, and giving thanks to YHWH Almighty of their fathers, and was ready to go forth from under the yoke of Egypt, and from the evil bondage. 7 And remember you this day all the days of your life, and observe it from year to year all the days of your life, once a year, on its day, according to all the Torah thereof, and do not adjourn it from day to day, or from new moon to new moon. 8 For it is an eternal ordinance, and engraved on the heavenly tablets regarding all the sons of Israel that they should observe it every year on its day once a year, throughout all their generations; and there is no limit of days, for this is ordained forever. 9 And the man who is free from uncleanness, and does not come to observe it on occasion of its day, so as to bring an acceptable offering before YHWH, and to eat and to drink before YHWH on the day of its festival, that man who is clean and close at hand shall be cut off: because he offered not the oblation of YHWH in its appointed season, he shall take the guilt upon himself. 10 Let the sons of Israel come and observe the Pesach on the day of its fixed time, on the fourteenth day of the first new moon, between the evenings, from the third part of the day to the third part of the night, for two portions of the day are given to the light, and a third part to the evening. 11 This is that which YHWH commanded you that you should observe it between the evenings. 12 And it is not permissible to slay it during any period of the light, but during the period bordering on the evening, and let them eat it at the time of the evening, until the third part of the night, and whatever is left over of all its flesh from the third part of the night and onwards, let them burn it with fire. 13 And they shall not cook it with water, nor shall they eat it raw, but roast on the fire: they shall eat it with diligence, its head with the inwards thereof and its feet they shall roast with fire, and not break any bone thereof; for of the sons of Israel no bone shall be crushed. 14 For this reason YHWH commanded the sons of Israel to observe the Pesach on the day of its fixed time, and they shall not break a bone thereof; for it is a festival day, and a day commanded, and there may be no passing over from day to day, and new moon to new moon, but on the day of its festival let it be observed. 15 And do you command the sons of Israel to observe the Pesach throughout their days, every year, once a year on the day of its fixed time, and it shall come for a memorial well pleasing before YHWH, and no plague shall come upon them to slay or to smite in that year in which they celebrate the Pesach in its season in every respect according to His command. 16 And they shall not eat it outside the sanctuary of YHWH, but before the sanctuary of YHWH, and all the people of the congregation of Israel shall celebrate it in its appointed season. 17 And every man who has come upon its day shall eat it in the sanctuary of your Almighty before YHWH from twenty years old and upward; for thus is it written and ordained that they should eat it in the sanctuary of YHWH. 18 And when the sons of Israel come into the land which they are to possess, into the land of Canaan, and set up the tabernacle of YHWH in the midst of the land in one of their tribes until the sanctuary of YHWH has been built in the land, let them come and celebrate the Pesach in the midst of the tabernacle of YHWH, and let them slay it before YHWH from year to year. 19 And in the days when the house has been built in the name of YHWH in the land of their inheritance, they shall go there and slay the Pesach in the evening, at sunset, at the third part of the day. 20 And they shall offer its blood on the threshold of the altar, and shall place its fat on the fire which is upon the altar, and they shall eat its flesh roasted with fire in the court of the house which has been sanctified in the name of YHWH. 21 And they may not celebrate the Pesach in their cities, nor in any place save before the tabernacle of YHWH, or before His house where His name has dwelt; and they shall not go astray from YHWH. 22 And do you, Moses, command the sons of Israel to observe the ordinances of the Pesach, as it was commanded to you; declare you unto them every year and the day of its days, and the festival of unleavened bread, that they should eat unleavened bread seven days, and that they should observe its festival, and that they bring an oblation every day during those seven days of joy before YHWH on the altar of YHWH your Almighty. 23 For you celebrated this festival with haste when you went forth from Egypt till you entered into the wilderness of Shur; for on the shore of the sea you completed it.

Blessing After the Additional Reading:
Barukh ha'Elohim avi adonenu Yeshua ha'mashiach, asher berekanu bekhol-birkat ruach ba'meromim ba'mashiach.
Blessed be the Elohim and Father of our Master Yeshua the Messiah, who has blessed us in the Messiah with every spiritual blessing in the high places. (Ephesians 1:3)

Related Scriptures

Leviticus 23:4-8

23:4 These are the set feasts of YHWH, even holy convocations, which you shall proclaim in their appointed season. 5 In the first new moon, on the fourteenth day of the new moon in the evening, is the Pesach of YHWH. 6 On the fifteenth day of the same new moon is the feast of unleavened bread to YHWH. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. 7 In the first day you shall have a holy convocation. You shall do no work of service. 8 But you shall offer an offering made by fire to YHWH seven days. In the seventh day is a holy convocation. You shall do no work of service.’ ”

Numbers 9:9-14; Numbers 15:13-16

Numbers 9:9 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Say to the sons of Israel, ‘If any man of you or of your generations is unclean by reason of a dead body, or is on a journey far away, he shall still do the Pesach to YHWH. 11 In the second new moon, on the fourteenth day at evening they shall do it; they shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitters. 12 They shall leave none of it until the morning, nor break a bone of it. According to all the statute of the Pesach they shall do it. 13 But the man who is clean, and is not on a journey, and fails to do the Pesach, that soul shall be cut off from his people. Because he didn’t offer the offering of YHWH in its appointed season, that man shall bear his sin. 14 If a foreigner lives among you and desires to do the Pesach to YHWH, then he shall do so according to the statute of the Pesach, and according to its statute. You shall have one statute, both for the foreigner and for him who is born in the land.’ ”

Numbers 15:13 “All who are native shall do these things in this way, in offering an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to YHWH. 14 If a stranger sojourns with you, or whoever may be among you throughout your generations, and will offer an offering made by fire, of a pleasant aroma to YHWH, as you do, so he shall do. 15 For the assembly, there shall be one statute for you and for the stranger who sojourns, a statute forever throughout your generations. As you are, so the foreigner shall be before YHWH. 16 One law and one judgment shall be for you and for the sojourner who sojourns with you.”

Deuteronomy 16:1-8

16:1 Observe the new moon of Aviv, and do the Pesach to YHWH your Elohim; for in the new moon of Aviv YHWH your Elohim brought you out of Egypt by night. 2 You shall slaughter the Pesach to YHWH your Elohim, of the flock and the herd, in the place which YHWH shall choose to cause his name to dwell there. 3 You shall eat no leavened bread with it. You shall eat unleavened bread with it seven days, even the bread of affliction, for you came out of the land of Egypt in haste, that you may remember the day when you came out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life. 4 No leaven shall be seen with you in all your borders seven days; neither shall any of the meat, which you slaughter the first day at evening, remain all night until the morning. 5 You may not slaughter the Pesach within any of your gates which YHWH your Elohim gives you; 6 but at the place which YHWH your Elohim shall choose to cause his name to dwell in, there you shall slaughter the Pesach at evening, at the going down of the sun, at the season that you came out of Egypt. 7 You shall roast and eat it in the place which YHWH your Elohim chooses. In the morning you shall return to your tents. 8 Six days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the seventh day shall be a closing assembly to YHWH your Elohim. You shall do no work.

Matthew 26:1-5, 17-19; Mark 14:12-16

Matthew 26:1 When Yeshua had finished all these words, he said to his disciples, 2 “You know that after two days the Pesach is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.” 3 Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders of the people were gathered together in the court of the high priest, who was called Caiaphas. 4 They took counsel together that they might take Yeshua by deceit and kill him. 5 But they said, “Not during the feast, lest a riot occur among the people.”… 17 Now on the first day of unleavened bread, the disciples came to Yeshua, saying to him, “Where do you want us to prepare for you to eat the Pesach?” 18 He said, “Go into the city to a certain person, and tell him, ‘The Rabbi says, “My time is at hand. I will do the Pesach at your house with my disciples.” ‘ ” 19 The disciples did as Yeshua commanded them, and they prepared the Pesach.

Mark 12:12 On the first day of unleavened bread, when they slaughtered the Pesach, his disciples asked him, “Where do you want us to go and prepare that you may eat the Pesach?” 13 He sent two of his disciples and said to them, “Go into the city, and there a man carrying a pitcher of water will meet you. Follow him, 14 and wherever he enters in, tell the owner of the house, ‘The Rabbi says, “Where is the guest room, where I may eat the Pesach with my disciples?” ‘ 15 He will himself show you a large upper room furnished and ready. Get ready for us there.” 16 His disciples went out, and came into the city, and found things as he had said to them, and they prepared the Pesach.

Luke 2:39-52

2:39 When they had accomplished all things that were according to the Torah of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own city, Nazareth. 40 The child was growing, and was becoming strong in spirit, being filled with wisdom, and the grace of Elohim was upon him. 41 His parents went every year to Jerusalem at the feast of the Pesach. 42 When he was twelve years old, they went up to Jerusalem according to the custom of the feast; 43 and when they had fulfilled the days, as they were returning, the boy Yeshua stayed behind in Jerusalem. Joseph and his mother didn’t know it, 44 but supposing him to be in the company, they went a day’s journey; and they looked for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 45 When they didn’t find him, they returned to Jerusalem, looking for him. 46 After three days they found him in the temple, sitting in the middle of the teachers, both listening to them and asking them questions. 47 All who heard him were amazed at his understanding and his answers. 48 When they saw him, they were astonished; and his mother said to him, “Son, why have you treated us this way? Behold, your father and I were anxiously looking for you.” 49 He said to them, “Why were you looking for me? Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 50 They didn’t understand the saying which he spoke to them. 51 And he went down with them and came to Nazareth. He was subject to them, and his mother kept all these sayings in her heart. 52 And Yeshua increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with Elohim and men.

John 2:1-25

2:1 The third day, there was a wedding in Cana of Galilee. Yeshua’s mother was there. 2 Yeshua also was invited, with his disciples, to the wedding. 3 When the wine ran out, Yeshua’s mother said to him, “They have no wine.” 4 Yeshua said to her, “Woman, what does that have to do with you and me? My hour has not yet come.” 5 His mother said to the servants, “Whatever he says to you, do it.” 6 Now there were six water pots of stone set there after the Jews’ way of purifying, containing two or three metretes apiece. 7 Yeshua said to them, “Fill the water pots with water.” So they filled them up to the brim. 8 He said to them, “Now draw some out, and take it to the ruler of the feast.” So they took it. 9 When the ruler of the feast tasted the water now become wine, and didn’t know where it came from, but the servants who had drawn the water knew, the ruler of the feast called the bridegroom 10 and said to him, “Everyone serves the good wine first, and when the guests have drunk freely, then that which is worse. You have kept the good wine until now!” 11 This beginning of his signs Yeshua did in Cana of Galilee, and revealed his glory; and his disciples believed in him. 12 After this, he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, his brothers, and his disciples; and they stayed there a few days. 13 The Pesach in Judea was at hand, and Yeshua went up to Jerusalem. 14 He found in the temple those who sold oxen, sheep, and doves, and the changers of money sitting. 15 He made a whip of cords and drove all out of the temple, both the sheep and the oxen; and he poured out the changers’ money and overthrew their tables. 16 To those who sold the doves, he said, “Take these things out of here! Don’t make my Father’s house a marketplace!” 17 His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for your house will eat me up.” (cf. Psalms 69:9) 18 The Judeans therefore answered him, “What sign do you show us, seeing that you do these things?” 19 Yeshua answered them, “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” 20 The Judeans therefore said, “It took forty-six years to build this temple! Will you raise it up in three days?” 21 But he spoke of the temple of his body. 22 When therefore he was raised from the dead, his disciples remembered that he said this, and they believed the Scripture and the word which Yeshua had said. 23 Now when he was in Jerusalem at the Pesach, during the feast, many believed in his name, observing his signs which he did. 24 But Yeshua didn’t entrust himself to them, because he knew everyone, 25 and because he didn’t need for anyone to testify concerning man; for he himself knew what was in man.

John 6:1-70

6:1 After these things, Yeshua went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. 2 A great multitude followed him, because they saw his signs which he did on those who were sick. 3 Yeshua went up into the mountain, and he sat there with his disciples. 4 Now the Pesach, the Jewish festival, was at hand. 5 Yeshua therefore, lifting up his eyes and seeing that a great multitude was coming to him, said to Philip, “Where are we to buy bread, that these may eat?” 6 He said this to test him, for he himself knew what he would do. 7 Philip answered him, “Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may receive a little.” 8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Shimon Peter’s brother, said to him, 9 “There is a boy here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are these among so many?” 10 Yeshua said, “Have the people sit down.” Now there was much grass in that place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand. 11 Yeshua took the loaves, and having given thanks, he distributed to the disciples, and the disciples to those who were sitting down, likewise also of the fish as much as they desired. 12 When they were filled, he said to his disciples, “Gather up the broken pieces which are left over, that nothing be lost.” 13 So they gathered them up, and filled twelve baskets with broken pieces from the five barley loaves, which were left over by those who had eaten. 14 When therefore the people saw the sign which Yeshua did, they said, “This is truly the Prophet who comes into the world.” 15 Yeshua therefore, perceiving that they were about to come and take him by force to make him king, withdrew again to the mountain by himself. 16 When evening came, his disciples went down to the sea. 17 They entered into the boat, and were going over the sea to Capernaum. It was now dark, and Yeshua had not come to them. 18 The sea was tossed by a great wind blowing. 19 When therefore they had rowed about twenty-five or thirty stadia, they saw Yeshua walking on the sea and drawing near to the boat; and they were afraid. 20 But he said to them, “It is I. Don’t be afraid.” 21 They were willing therefore to receive him into the boat. Immediately the boat was at the land where they were going. 22 On the next day, the multitude that stood on the other side of the sea saw that there was no other boat there, except the one in which his disciples had embarked, and that Yeshua hadn’t entered with his disciples into the boat, but his disciples had gone away alone. 23 However, boats from Tiberias came near to the place where they ate the bread after the Lord had given thanks. 24 When the multitude therefore saw that Yeshua wasn’t there, nor his disciples, they themselves got into the boats and came to Capernaum, seeking Yeshua. 25 When they found him on the other side of the sea, they asked him, “Rabbi, when did you come here?” 26 Yeshua answered them, “Amen, amen, I tell you, you seek me, not because you saw signs, but because you ate of the loaves and were filled. 27 Don’t work for the food which perishes, but for the food which remains to eternal life, which the Son of Man will give to you. For Elohim the Father has sealed him.” 28 They said therefore to him, “What must we do, that we may work the works of Elohim?” 29 Yeshua answered them, “This is the work of Elohim, that you believe in him whom he has sent.” 30 They said therefore to him, “What then do you do for a sign, that we may see and believe you? What work do you do? 31 Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness. As it is written, ‘He gave them bread out of the heavens to eat.’ ” 32 Yeshua therefore said to them, “Amen, amen, I tell you, it wasn’t Moses who gave you the bread out of the heavens, but my Father gives you the true bread out of the heavens. 33 For the bread of Elohim is that which comes down out of the heavens and gives life to the world.” 34 They said therefore to him, “Lord, always give us this bread.” 35 Yeshua said to them, “I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will not be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty. 36 But I told you that you have seen me, and yet you don’t believe. 37 All those whom the Father gives me will come to me. He who comes to me I will in no way throw out. 38 For I have come down from the heavens, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me. 39 This is the will of my Father who sent me, that of all he has given to me I should lose nothing, but should raise him up at the last day. 40 This is the will of the one who sent me, that everyone who sees the Son and believes in him should have eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day.” 41 The Judeans therefore murmured concerning him, because he said, “I am the bread which came down out of the heavens.” 42 They said, “Isn’t this Yeshua, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How then does he say, ‘I have come down out of the heavens?’ ” 43 Therefore Yeshua answered them, “Don’t murmur among yourselves. 44 No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up in the last day. 45 It is written in the Prophets, ‘They will all be taught by Elohim.’ Therefore everyone who hears from the Father and has learned, comes to me. 46 Not that anyone has seen the Father, except he who is from Elohim. He has seen the Father. 47 Amen, amen, I tell you, he who believes in me has eternal life. 48 I am the bread of life. 49 Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness and they died. 50 This is the bread which comes down out of the heavens, that anyone may eat of it and not die. 51 I am the living bread which came down out of the heavens. If anyone eats of this bread, he will live forever. Yes, the bread which I will give for the life of the world is my flesh.” 52 The Judeans therefore contended with one another, saying, “How can this man give us his flesh to eat?” 53 Yeshua therefore said to them, “Amen, amen, I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you don’t have life in yourselves. 54 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. 56 He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood lives in me, and I in him. 57 As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so he who feeds on me will also live because of me. 58 This is the bread which came down out of the heavens—not as our fathers ate the manna and died. He who eats this bread will live forever.” 59 He said these things in the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum. 60 Therefore many of his disciples, when they heard this, said, “This is a hard saying! Who can listen to it?” 61 But Yeshua knowing in himself that his disciples murmured at this, said to them, “Does this cause you to stumble? 62 Then what if you would see the Son of Man ascending to where he was before? 63 It is the spirit who gives life. The flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and are life. 64 But there are some of you who don’t believe.” For Yeshua knew from the beginning who they were who didn’t believe, and who it was who would betray him. 65 He said, “For this cause I have said to you that no one can come to me, unless it is given to him by my Father.” 66 At this, many of his disciples went back and walked no more with him. 67 Yeshua said therefore to the twelve, “You don’t also want to go away, do you?” 68 Shimon Peter answered him, “Lord, to whom would we go? You have the words of eternal life. 69 We have come to believe and know that you are the Messiah, the Son of the living Elohim.” 70 Yeshua answered them, “Didn’t I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?” 71 Now he spoke of Judah, the son of Shimon Iscariot, for it was he who would betray him, being one of the twelve.

John 11:45 – 13:8

11:45 Therefore many of the Judeans who came to Miriam and saw what Yeshua did believed in him. 46 But some of them went away to the Pharisees and told them the things which Yeshua had done. 47 The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council, and said, “What are we doing? For this man does many signs. 48 If we leave him alone like this, everyone will believe in him, and the Romans will come and take away both our place and our nation.” 49 But a certain one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know nothing at all, 50 nor do you consider that it is advantageous for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation not perish.” 51 Now he didn’t say this of himself, but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Yeshua would die for the nation, 52 and not for the nation only, but that he might also gather together into one the children of Elohim who are scattered abroad. 53 So from that day forward they took counsel that they might put him to death. 54 Yeshua therefore walked no more openly among the Judeans, but departed from there into the country near the wilderness, to a city called Ephraim. He stayed there with his disciples. 55 Now the Pesach in Judea was at hand. Many went up from the country to Jerusalem before the Pesach, to purify themselves. 56 Then they sought for Yeshua and spoke with one another as they stood in the temple, “What do you think—that he isn’t coming to the feast at all?” 57 Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had commanded that if anyone knew where he was, he should report it, that they might seize him. 12:1 Then, six days before the Pesach, Yeshua came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom he raised from the dead. 2 So they made him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with him. 3 Therefore Miriam took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed Yeshua’s feet and wiped his feet with her hair. The house was filled with the fragrance of the ointment. 4 Then Judah Iscariot, Shimon’s son, one of his disciples, who would betray him, said, 5 “Why wasn’t this ointment sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?” 6 Now he said this, not because he cared for the poor, but because he was a thief, and having the money box, used to steal what was put into it. 7 But Yeshua said, “Leave her alone. She has kept this for the day of my burial. 8 For you always have the poor with you, but you don’t always have me.” 9 A large crowd therefore of the Judeans learned that he was there; and they came, not for Yeshua’s sake only, but that they might see Lazarus also, whom he had raised from the dead. 10 But the chief priests conspired to put Lazarus to death also, 11 because on account of him many of the Judeans went away and believed in Yeshua. 12 On the next day a great multitude had come to the feast. When they heard that Yeshua was coming to Jerusalem, 13 they took the branches of the palm trees and went out to meet him, and cried out, “Hoshiana! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, (cf. Psalms 118:25-26) the King of Israel!” 14 Yeshua, having found a young donkey, sat on it. As it is written, 15 “Don’t be afraid, daughter of Zion. Behold, your King comes, sitting on a donkey’s colt.” (cf. Zechariah 9:9) 16 His disciples didn’t understand these things at first, but when Yeshua was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him. 17 The multitude therefore that was with him when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead was testifying about it. 18 For this cause also the multitude went and met him, because they heard that he had done this sign. 19 The Pharisees therefore said among themselves, “See how you accomplish nothing. Behold, the world has gone after him.” 20 Now there were certain Greeks among those who went up to worship at the feast. 21 Therefore, these came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we want to see Yeshua.” 22 Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn, Andrew came with Philip, and they told Yeshua. 23 Yeshua answered them, “The time has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. 24 Amen, amen, I tell you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the land and dies, it remains by itself alone. But if it dies, it bears much fruit. 25 He who loves his life will lose it. He who hates his life in this world will keep it to eternal life. 26 If anyone serves me, let him follow me. Where I am, there my servant will also be. If anyone serves me, the Father will honor him. 27 “Now my soul is troubled. What shall I say? ‘Father, save me from this time?’ But I came to this time for this cause. 28 Father, glorify your name!” Then a voice came out of the heavens, saying, “I have both glorified it and will glorify it again.” 29 Therefore the multitude who stood by and heard it said that it had thundered. Others said, “An angel has spoken to him.” 30 Yeshua answered, “This voice hasn’t come for my sake, but for your sakes. 31 Now is the judgment of this world. Now the prince of this world will be cast out. 32 And I, if I am lifted up from the land, will draw all people to myself.” 33 But he said this, signifying by what kind of death he should die. 34 The multitude answered him, “We have heard out of the law that the Messiah remains forever. How do you say, ‘The Son of Man must be lifted up?’ Who is this Son of Man?” 35 Yeshua therefore said to them, “Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn’t know where he is going. 36 While you have the light, believe in the light, that you may become children of light.” Yeshua said these things, and he departed and hid himself from them. 37 But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they didn’t believe in him, 38 that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spoke: “Lord, who has believed our report? To whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” (cf. Isaiah 53:1) 39 For this cause they couldn’t believe, for Isaiah said again: 40 “He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.”(cf. Isaiah 6:10) 41 Isaiah said these things when he saw his glory, and spoke of him. 42 Nevertheless, even many of the rulers believed in him, but because of the Pharisees they didn’t confess it, so that they wouldn’t be put out of the synagogue, 43 for they loved men’s praise more than Elohim’s praise. 44 Yeshua cried out and said, “Whoever believes in me, believes not in me, but in him who sent me. 45 He who sees me sees him who sent me. 46 I have come as a light into the world, that whoever believes in me may not remain in the darkness. 47 If anyone listens to my sayings and doesn’t believe, I don’t judge him. For I came not to judge the world, but to save the world. 48 He who rejects me, and doesn’t receive my sayings, has one who judges him. The word that I spoke will judge him in the last day. 49 For I spoke not from myself, but the Father who sent me gave me a commandment, what I should say and what I should speak. 50 I know that his commandment is eternal life. The things therefore which I speak, even as the Father has said to me, so I speak.” 13:1 Now before the feast of the Pesach, Yeshua, knowing that his time had come that he would depart from this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end. 2 During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judah Iscariot, Shimon’s son, to betray him, 3 Yeshua, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came from Elohim and was going to Elohim, 4 arose from supper, and laid aside his outer garments. He took a towel and wrapped a towel around his waist. 5 Then he poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel that was wrapped around him. 6 Then he came to Shimon Peter. He said to him, “Lord, do you wash my feet?” 7 Yeshua answered him, “You don’t know what I am doing now, but you will understand later.” 8 Peter said to him, “You will never wash my feet!” Yeshua answered him, “If I don’t wash you, you have no part with me.”

John 18:28 – 19:19; Matthew 27:15-18

John 18:28 They led Yeshua therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Pesach. 29 Pilate therefore went out to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?” 30 They answered him, “If this man weren’t an evildoer, we wouldn’t have delivered him up to you.” 31 Pilate therefore said to them, “Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law.” Therefore the Judeans said to him, “It is illegal for us to put anyone to death,” 32 that the word of Yeshua might be fulfilled, which he spoke, signifying by what kind of death he should die. 33 Pilate therefore entered again into the Praetorium, called Yeshua, and said to him, “Are you the King of the Jews?” 34 Yeshua answered him, “Do you say this by yourself, or did others tell you about me?” 35 Pilate answered, “I’m not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests delivered you to me. What have you done?” 36 Yeshua answered, “My Reign is not of this world. If my Reign were of this world, then my servants would fight, that I wouldn’t be delivered to the Judeans. But now my Reign is not from here.” 37 Pilate therefore said to him, “Are you a king then?” Yeshua answered, “You say that I am a king. For this reason I have been born, and for this reason I have come into the world, that I should testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to my voice.” 38 Pilate said to him, “What is truth?” When he had said this, he went out again to the Judeans, and said to them, “I find no basis for a charge against him. 39 But you have a custom that I should release someone to you at the Pesach. Therefore, do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?” 40 Then they all shouted again, saying, “Not this man, but Barabbas!” Now Barabbas was a robber. 19:1 So Pilate then took Yeshua and flogged him. 2 The soldiers twisted thorns into a crown and put it on his head, and dressed him in a purple garment. 3 They kept saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and they kept slapping him. 4 Then Pilate went out again, and said to them, “Behold, I bring him out to you, that you may know that I find no basis for a charge against him.” 5 Yeshua therefore came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple garment. Pilate said to them, “Behold, the man!” 6 When therefore the chief priests and the officers saw him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify! Crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and crucify him, for I find no basis for a charge against him.” 7 The Judeans answered him, “We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of Elohim.” 8 When therefore Pilate heard this saying, he was more afraid. 9 He entered into the Praetorium again, and said to Yeshua, “Where are you from?” But Yeshua gave him no answer. 10 Pilate therefore said to him, “Aren’t you speaking to me? Don’t you know that I have power to release you and have power to crucify you?” 11 Yeshua answered, “You would have no power at all against me, unless it were given to you from above. Therefore he who delivered me to you has greater sin.” 12 At this, Pilate was seeking to release him, but the Judeans cried out, saying, “If you release this man, you aren’t Caesar’s friend! Everyone who makes himself a king speaks against Caesar!” 13 When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Yeshua out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called “The Pavement”, but in Hebrew, “Gabbatha.” 14 Now it was the Preparation Day of the Pesach, at about the sixth hour. He said to the Judeans, “Behold, your King!” 15 They cried out, “Away with him! Away with him! Crucify him!” Pilate said to them, “Will I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king but Caesar!” 16 So then he delivered him to them to be crucified. So they took Yeshua and led him away. 17 He went out, bearing his cross, to the place called “The Place of a Skull”, which is called in Hebrew, “Golgotha”, 18 where they crucified him, and with him two others, on either side one, and Yeshua in the middle. 19 Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross. There was written, “YESHUA OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”

Matthew 27:15 Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release to the multitude one prisoner whom they desired. 16 They had then a notable prisoner called Barabbas. 17 When therefore they were gathered together, Pilate said to them, “Whom do you want me to release to you? Yeshua Barabbas, or Yeshua who is called Messiah?” 18 For he knew that because of envy they had delivered him up.

Acts 12:1-17

12:1 Now about that time, King Herod stretched out his hands to oppress some of the assembly. 2 He killed Jacob, the brother of John, with the sword. 3 When he saw that it pleased the Judeans, he proceeded to seize Peter also. This was during the days of unleavened bread. 4 When he had arrested him, he put him in prison and delivered him to four squads of four soldiers each to guard him, intending to bring him out to the people after the Pesach. 5 Peter therefore was kept in the prison, but constant prayer was made by the assembly to Elohim for him. 6 The same night when Herod was about to bring him out, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains. Guards in front of the door kept the prison. 7 And behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shone in the cell. He struck Peter on the side and woke him up, saying, “Stand up quickly!” His chains fell off his hands. 8 The angel said to him, “Get dressed and put on your sandals.” He did so. He said to him, “Put on your cloak and follow me.” 9 And he went out and followed him. He didn’t know that what was being done by the angel was real, but thought he saw a vision. 10 When they were past the first and the second guard, they came to the iron gate that leads into the city, which opened to them by itself. They went out and went down one street, and immediately the angel departed from him. 11 When Peter had come to himself, he said, “Now I truly know that the Lord has sent out his angel and delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from everything the Jewish people were expecting.” 12 Thinking about that, he came to the house of Miriam, the mother of John who was called Mark, where many were gathered together and were praying. 13 When Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a servant girl named Rhoda came to answer. 14 When she recognized Peter’s voice, she didn’t open the gate for joy, but ran in and reported that Peter was standing in front of the gate. 15 They said to her, “You are crazy!” But she insisted that it was so. They said, “It is his angel.” 16 But Peter continued knocking. When they had opened, they saw him and were amazed. 17 But he, beckoning to them with his hand to be silent, declared to them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. He said, “Tell these things to Jacob and to the brothers.” Then he departed and went to another place.

1 Corinthians 5:1-8

5:1 It is actually reported that there is whoring among you, and such whoring as is not even named among the Nations, that one has his father’s wife. 2 You are arrogant, and didn’t mourn instead, that he who had done this deed might be removed from among you. 3 For I most certainly, as being absent in body but present in spirit, have already, as though I were present, judged him who has done this thing. 4 In the name of our Lord Yeshua the Messiah, when you are gathered together with my spirit with the power of our Lord Yeshua the Messiah, 5 you are to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Yeshua. 6 Your boasting is not good. Don’t you know that a little leaven leavens the whole lump? 7 Purge out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, even as you are unleavened. For indeed Messiah, our Pesach, has been slaughtered in our place. 8 Therefore let’s celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.

1 Corinthians 11:17-34

11:17 But in giving you this command I don’t praise you, because you come together not for the better but for the worse. 18 For first of all, when you come together in the assembly, I hear that divisions exist among you, and I partly believe it. 19 For there also must be factions among you, that those who are approved may be revealed among you. 20 When therefore you assemble yourselves together, it is not the Lord’s supper that you eat. 21 For in your eating each one takes his own supper first. One is hungry, and another is drunken. 22 What, don’t you have houses to eat and to drink in? Or do you despise the assembly of Elohim and put them to shame who don’t have enough? What shall I tell you? Will I praise you? In this I don’t praise you. 23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you, that the Lord Yeshua on the night in which he was betrayed took bread. 24 When he had given thanks, he broke it and said, “Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken for you. Do this in memory of me.” 25 In the same way he also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the renewed covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink, in memory of me.” 26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until he comes. 27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks the Lord’s cup in a way unworthy of the Lord will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy way eats and drinks judgment to himself if he doesn’t discern the Lord’s body. 30 For this cause many among you are weak and sickly, and not a few sleep. 31 For if we discerned ourselves, we wouldn’t be judged. 32 But when we are judged, we are disciplined by the Lord, that we may not be condemned with the world. 33 Therefore, my brothers, when you come together to eat, wait for one another. 34 But if anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, lest your coming together be for judgment. The rest I will set in order whenever I come.

Hebrews 11:24-28

11:24 By faith Moses, when he had grown up, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh’s daughter, 25 choosing rather to share ill treatment with Elohim’s people than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a time, 26 considering the reproach of the Messiah greater riches than the treasures of Egypt; for he looked to the reward. 27 By faith he left Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king; for he endured, as seeing him who is invisible. 28 By faith he kept the Pesach and the sprinkling of the blood, that the destroyer of the firstborn should not touch them.

John 19:30-36; Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12; Psalms 34:19-20; Jubilees 49:13

John 19:30 When Yeshua therefore had received the vinegar, he said, “It is finished!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. 31 Therefore the Judeans, because it was the Preparation Day, so that the bodies wouldn’t remain on the cross on the Sabbath, for that Sabbath was a special one, asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken and that they might be taken away. 32 Therefore the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and of the other who was crucified with him; 33 but when they came to Yeshua and saw that he was already dead, they didn’t break his legs. 34 However, one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out. 35 He who has seen has witnessed, and his witness is true. He knows that he tells the truth, that you may believe. 36 For these things happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, “A bone of him will not be broken.”

Exodus 12:46 It must be eaten in one house. You shall not carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones.

Numbers 9:12 They shall leave none of it until the morning, nor break a bone of it.

Jubilees 49:13 And they shall not cook it with water, nor shall they eat it raw, but roast on the fire: they shall eat it with diligence, its head with the inwards thereof and its feet they shall roast with fire, and not break any bone thereof; for of the sons of Israel no bone shall be crushed.

Related Additional Readings​

The Temple Scroll 11QT Column 17

The Temple Scroll is the longest of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Among the discoveries at Qumran it is designated: 11QTemple Scroll. It describes a Jewish temple which was never built, along with extensive detailed regulations about slaughters and temple practices. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the date, origin, author or authors, or its relationship to the Qumran community.[4] Some scholars attribute the Temple Scroll to the isolated Qumran community, while others see no connection with the Qumran community; instead they see the work as a priestly (possible Zadokite) document that was hidden in a cave by Zealots during their flight from Jerusalem in 70 A.D. before the Roman destruction of the Temple.

XVII … They shall rejoice because expiation has been made for them … This day [shall] be a holy gathering for them, [an eternal rule for all their generations] wherever they dwell. They shall rejoice and … [Let] them [prepare on the fourtee]nth day of the first new moon [between dusk and dark the Pesach of YHWH]. They shall slaughter (it) before the evening offering and shall slaughter … men from twenty years of age and over shall prepare it. They shall eat it at night in the holy courts. They shall rise early and each shall go to his tent … On the fifteenth day of this new moon (there shall be) a ho[ly] gathering. You shall do no work of labour on it. (It shall be) a seven-day feast of unleavened bread for YHWH. You shall offer on each of the[se] seven days a holocaust to YHWH: two young bulls, a ram, and seven ram lambs without blemish and a he-goat for a sin-offering and the corresponding grain-offering and drink-offering [according to the sta]tute for the young bulls, rams, l[am]bs and the he-goat. On the seventh day [(there shall be) an assembly] for [YHWH]. You shall do no work on it.

Jubilees 17:15-18; 18:1-19

17:15 And it came to pass in the seventh week, in the first year thereof, in the first new moon in this jubilee [2003 A.M.]*, on the twelfth of this new moon, there were voices in the heavens regarding Abraham, that he was faithful in all that He told him, and that he loved the Lord, and that in every affliction he was faithful. 16. And the prince Mastema came and said before Elohim, “Behold, Abraham loveth Isaac his son, and he delighteth in him above all things else; bid him offer him as a burnt offering on the altar, and Thou wilt see if he will do this command, and Thou wilt know if he is faithful in everything wherein Thou dost try him.” 17. And the Lord knew that Abraham was faithful in all his afflictions; for He had tried him through his country and with famine, and had tried him with the wealth of kings, and had tried him again through his wife, when she was torn (from him), and with circumcision, and had tried him through Ishmael and Hagar, his maid-servant, when he sent them away. 18. And in everything wherein He had tried him, he was found faithful, and his soul was not impatient, and he was not slow to act; for he was faithful and a lover of the Lord.

*According to the chronology of Jubilees (cf. Jubilees 16:13 with this passage) Isaac was twenty-three years old when he was offered up; born in 1980 A.M., offered in 2003 A.M.

18:1 And Elohim said to him, “Abraham, Abraham”; and he said, “Behold, (here) am I.” 2. And He said, “Take thy beloved son whom thou lovest, (even) Isaac, and go unto the high country, and offer him on one of the mountains which I will point out unto thee.” 3. And he rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took his two young men with him, and Isaac his son, and clave the wood of the burnt offering, and he went to the place on the third day, and he saw the place afar off. 4. And he came to a well of water, and he said to his young men, “Abide ye here with the donkey, and I and the lad shall go (yonder), and when we have worshipped we shall come again to you.” 5. And he took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son, and he took in his hand the fire and the knife, and they went both of them together to that place. 6. And Isaac said to his father, “Father”; and he said, “Here am I, my son.” And he said unto him, “Behold the fire, and the knife, and the wood; but where is the sheep for the burnt offering, father?” 7. And he said, “Elohim will provide for himself a sheep for a burnt offering, my son.” And he drew near to the place of the mount of Elohim. 8. And he built an altar, and he placed the wood on the altar, and bound Isaac his son, and placed him on the wood which was upon the altar, and stretched forth his hand to take the knife to slay Isaac his son. 9. And I stood before him, and before the prince of the Mastema, and the Lord said, “Bid him not to lay his hand on the lad, nor to do anything to him, for I have shown that he feareth the Lord.” 10. And I called to him from the heavens, and said unto him: “Abraham, Abraham”; and he was terrified and said: “Behold, (here) am I.” 11. And I said unto him: “Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything to him; for now I have shown that thou fearest the Lord, and hast not withheld thy son, thy first-born son, from me.” 12. And the prince of the Mastema was put to shame; and Abraham lifted up his eyes and looked, and, behold, a single ram caught … by his horns, and Abraham went and took the ram and offered it for a burnt offering in the stead of his son. 13. And Abraham called that place “The Lord hath seen,” so that it is said “(in the mount) the Lord hath seen”: that is Mount Zion. 14. And the Lord called Abraham by his name a second time from the heavens, as he caused us to appear to speak to him in the name of the Lord. 15. And He said: “By Myself have I sworn, saith the Lord, Because thou hast done this thing, And hast not withheld thy son, thy beloved son, from Me, That in blessing I shall bless thee And in multiplying I shall multiply thy seed As the stars of the heavens, And as the sand which is on the seashore. And thy seed will inherit the cities of its enemies, 16. And in thy seed will all nations of the land be blessed; Because thou hast obeyed My voice, And I have shown to all that thou art faithful unto Me in all that I have said unto thee: Go in peace.” 17. And Abraham went to his young men, and they arose and went together to Be’ersheba, and Abraham dwelt by the Well of the Oath. 18. And he celebrated this festival every year, seven days with joy, and he called it the festival of the Lord according to the seven days during which he went and returned in peace. 19. And accordingly hath it been ordained and written on the heavenly tables regarding Israel and its seed that they should observe this festival seven days with the joy of festival.

Jubilees 48:5-8

48:5 And YHWH executed a great vengeance on them for Israel’s sake, and smote them through (the plagues of) blood and frogs, lice and dog-flies, and malignant boils breaking forth in blains; and their cattle by death; and by hail- stones, thereby He destroyed everything that grew for them; and by locusts which devoured the residue which had been left by the hail, and by darkness; and (by the death) of the firstborn of men and animals, and on all their idols YHWH took vengeance and burned them with fire. 6 And everything was sent through your hand, that you should declare (these things) before they were done, and you did speak with the king of Egypt before all his servants and before his people. 7 And everything took place according to your words; ten great and terrible judgments came on the land of Egypt that you might execute vengeance on it for Israel. 8 And YHWH did everything for Israel’s sake, and according to His covenant, which he had ordained with Abraham that He would take vengeance on them as they had brought them by force into bondage.

Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 2.14.5-6
Josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 AD in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. In 62 AD he went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero’s wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem in 65 AD to find the country in revolt against Rome. Josephus shrewdly reinterpreted the Messianic prophecies. He predicted that Vespasian would become the ruler of the ‘entire world’. His prophecy became true in 68 AD when Nero committed suicide and Vespasian became Ceasar. As a result, Josephus was freed; he moved to Rome and became a Roman citizen, taking the Vespasian family name Flavius. Vespasian commissioned Josephus to write a history of the war, which he finished in 78 AD, the Jewish War. His second major work, the Antiquities of the Jews, was completed in 93 AD. The extant manuscripts of the book Antiquities of the Jews contain two references to Yeshua of Nazareth (18.3.3. and 20.9.1.) and one reference to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist (18.5.2.).

2.14.5 One would think the forementioned calamities might have been sufficient for one that was only foolish, without wickedness, to make him wise, and to make him Sensible what was for his advantage. But Pharaoh, led not so much by his folly as by his wickedness, even when he saw the cause of his miseries, he still contested with Elohim, and willfully deserted the cause of virtue; so he bid Moses take the Hebrews away, with their wives and children, to leave their cattle behind, since their own cattle were destroyed. But when Moses said that what he desired was unjust, since they were obliged to offer slaughters to Elohim of those cattle, and the time being prolonged on this account, a thick darkness, without the least light, spread itself over the Egyptians, whereby their sight being obstructed, and their breathing hindered by the thickness of the air, they died miserably, and under a terror lest they should be swallowed up by the dark cloud. Besides this, when the darkness, after three days and as many nights, was dissipated, and when Pharaoh did not still repent and let the Hebrews go, Moses came to him and said, “How long wilt thou be disobedient to the command of Elohim? for he enjoins thee to let the Hebrews go; nor is there any other way of being freed from the calamities are under, unless you do so.” But the king angry at what he said, and threatened to cut off his head if he came any more to trouble him these matters. Hereupon Moses said he not speak to him any more about them, for he himself, together with the principal men among the Egyptians, should desire the Hebrews away. So when Moses had said this, he his way.

2.14.6 But when Elohim had signified, that with one plague he would compel the Egyptians to let Hebrews go, he commanded Moses to tell the people that they should have a slaughter ready, and they should prepare themselves on the tenth day of the new moon Xanthicus, against the fourteenth, [which new moon is called by the Egyptians Pharmuth, Nisan by the Hebrews; but the Macedonians call it Xanthicus,] and that he should carry the Hebrews with all they had. Accordingly, he having got the Hebrews ready for their departure, and having sorted the people into tribes, he kept them together in one place: but when the fourteenth day was come, and all were ready to depart they offered the slaughter, and purified their houses with the blood, using bunches of hyssop for that purpose; and when they had supped, they burnt the remainder of the flesh, as just ready to depart. Whence it is that we do still offer this slaughter in like manner to this day, and call this festival Pascha which signifies the feast of the passover; because on that day Elohim passed us over, and sent the plague upon the Egyptians; for the destruction of the first-born came upon the Egyptians that night, so that many of the Egyptians who lived near the king’s palace, persuaded Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go. Accordingly he called for Moses, and bid them be gone; as supposing, that if once the Hebrews were gone out of the country, Egypt should be freed from its miseries. They also honored the Hebrews with gifts; some, in order to get them to depart quickly, and others on account of their neighborhood, and the friendship they had with them.

3.10.5 In the new moon of Xanthicus, which is by us called Nisan, and is the beginning of our year, on the fourteenth day of the lunar new moon, when the sun is in Aries, [for in this new moon it was that we were delivered from bondage under the Egyptians,] the law ordained that we should every year slay that slaughter which I before told you we slew when we came out of Egypt, and which was called the Pesach; and so we do celebrate this passover in companies, leaving nothing of what we slaughter till the day following. The feast of unleavened bread succeeds that of the passover, and falls on the fifteenth day of the new moon, and continues seven days, wherein they feed on unleavened bread; on every one of which days two bulls are killed, and one ram, and seven lambs. Now these lambs are entirely burnt, besides the kid of the goats which is added to all the rest, for sins; for it is intended as a feast for the priest on every one of those days. But on the second day of unleavened bread, which is the sixteenth day of the new moon, they first partake of the fruits of the land, for before that day they do not touch them. And while they suppose it proper to honor Elohim, from whom they obtain this plentiful provision, in the first place, they offer the first fruits of their barley, and that in the manner following: They take a handful of the ears, and dry them, then beat them small, and purge the barley from the bran; they then bring one tenth deal to the altar, to Elohim; and, casting one handful of it upon the fire, they leave the rest for the use of the priest. And after this it is that they may publicly or privately reap their harvest. They also at this participation of the first fruits of the land, slaughter a lamb, as a burnt offering to Elohim.