Sons of Elohim | The Cord

Benei Elohim (Sons of Elohim)

Torah: Genesis 6:1-8
Prophets: 2 Samuel 21:15-22
Writings: Job 1:6-12, Job 2:1-7
Apostolic: Luke 20:27-36
Additional: Jubilees 5:1-10

Torah

Genesis 6:1-8

6:1 When the man began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of Elohim saw that the daughters of the man were beautiful, and they took any that they wanted for themselves as women. 3 YHWH said, “My Spirit will not strive with the man forever, because he also is flesh; so his days will be one hundred twenty years.” 4 The Nephilim were in the land in those days, and also after that, when the sons of Elohim came in to the daughters of men and they [brought forth for them].^(MTT) Those were the mighty men who were from [a distant time],^(MTT) men of name. 5 YHWH saw that the wickedness of the man was great in the land, and that every imagination of the thoughts of the man’s heart was continually only evil. 6 YHWH regretted that he had made the man in the land, and it grieved him in his heart. 7 YHWH said, “I will destroy the man whom I have created from the face of the ground—the man, along with animals, creeping things, and birds of the heavens—for I regret that I have made them.” 8 But Noaḥ found favor in the eyes of YHWH.

Prophets

2 Samuel 21:15-22

21:15 The Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. David grew faint; 16 and Ishbibenob, who was born of the Rapha, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, he being armed with a new sword, thought he would kill David. 17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “Don’t go out with us to battle any more, so that you don’t quench the lamp of Israel.” 18 After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was born of the Rapha. 19 There was again war with the Philistines at Gob; and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. 20 There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand, and six toes on every foot, twenty four in count; and he also was born to the Rapha. 21 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him. 22 These four were born to the Rapha in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Writings

Job 1:6-12, 2:1-7

1:6 Now on the day when sons of Elohim came to present themselves before YHWH, the Adversary also came among them. 7 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Where have you come from?” Then the Adversary answered YHWH, and said, “From going back and forth in the land, and from walking up and down in it.” 8 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Have you considered my servant, Job? For there is no one like him in the land, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears Elohim, and turns away from evil.” 9 Then the Adversary answered YHWH, and said, “Does Job fear Elohim for nothing? 10 Haven’t you made a hedge around him, and around his house, and around all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. 11 But stretch out your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will renounce you to your face.” 12 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don’t stretch out your hand.” So the Adversary went out from the face of YHWH.

2:1 Again, on the day when the sons of Elohim came to present themselves before YHWH, the Adversary came also among them to present himself before YHWH. 2 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Where have you come from?” The Adversary answered YHWH, and said, “From going back and forth in the land, and from walking up and down in it.” 3 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him in the land, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears Elohim, and turns away from evil. He still maintains his integrity, although you incited me against him, to ruin him without cause.” 4 The Adversary answered YHWH, and said, “Skin for skin. Yes, all that a man has he will give for his life. 5 But stretch out your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will renounce you to your face.” 6 YHWH said to the Adversary, “Behold, he is in your hand. Only spare his life.” 7 So the Adversary went out from the face of YHWH, and struck Job with painful sores from the sole of his foot to his head.

Apostolic

Luke 20:27-36

20:27 Some of the Sadducees came to him, those who deny that there is a resurrection. 28 They asked him, “Rabbi, Moses wrote to us that if a man’s brother dies having a woman, and he is childless, his brother should take the woman and raise up seed for his brother. 29 There were therefore seven brothers. The first took a woman, and died childless. 30 The second took her as wife, and he died childless. 31 The third took her, and likewise the seven all left no children, and died. 32 Afterward the woman also died. 33 Therefore in the resurrection whose woman of them will she be? For the seven had her as a woman.” 34 Yeshua said to them, “The sons of this age marry and are given in marriage. 35 But those who are considered worthy to attain to that age and the resurrection from the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. 36 For they can’t die any more, for they are like the angels and are sons of Elohim, being sons of the resurrection.

Additional

Jubilees 5:1-10

5:1 And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the land and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of Elohim 4 saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants. 2. And lawlessness increased on the land and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and everything that walketh on the land-all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the land and every imagination of the thoughts of all men (was) thus evil continually. 3. And Elohim looked upon the land, and behold it was corrupt, and all flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the land 5 had wrought all manner of evil before His eyes. 4. And He said: “I shall destroy man and all flesh upon the face of the land which I have created.” 5. But Noaḥ found grace before the eyes of the Lord. 6. And against the angels whom He had sent upon the land, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave commandment to root them out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths of the land, and behold they are bound in the midst of them, and are (kept) separate. 7. And against their sons went forth a command from before His face that they should be smitten with the sword, and be removed from under the heavens. 8. And He said “Thy spirit will not always abide on man; for they also are flesh and their days shall be one hundred and twenty years.” 9. And He sent His sword into their midst that each should slay his neighbour, and they began to slay each other till they all fell by the sword and were destroyed from the land. 10. And their fathers were witnesses (of their destruction), and after this they were bound in the depths of the land for ever, until the day of the great condemnation when judgment is executed on all those who have corrupted their ways and their works before the Lord.

Related Scripture Topics

Benei Elohim (Sons of Elohim)

“Let There Be Light” Genesis 1:3-5 – Elohim said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 Elohim saw the light, and saw that it was good. Elohim divided the light from the darkness. 5 Elohim called the light “day”, and the darkness he called “night”. There was evening and there was morning, the first day.

Elohim are Created Jubilees 2:1-3 – And the angel of the face spake to Moses according to the word of the Lord, saying: Write the complete history of the creation, how in six days the Lord Elohim finished all His works and all that He created, and kept Sabbath on the seventh day and hallowed it for all ages, and appointed it as a sign for all His works. 2. For on the first day He created the heavens which are above and the earth and the waters and all the spirits which serve before Him–the angels of the face, and the angels of sanctification, and the angels [of the spirit of fire and the angels] of the spirit of the winds, and the angels of the spirit of the clouds, and of darkness, and of snow and of hail and of hoar frost, and the angels of the voices and of the thunder and of the lightning, and the angels of the spirits of cold and of heat, and of winter and of spring and of autumn and of summer, and of all the spirits of His creatures which are in the heavens and on the earth, (He created) the abysses and the darkness, eventide (and night), and the light, dawn and day, which He hath prepared in the knowledge of His heart. 3. And thereupon we saw His works, and praised Him, and lauded before Him on account of all His works; for seven great works did He create on the first day.

Made in Our Image Genesis 1:26-27 Elohim said, “Let’s make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the livestock, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” 27 Elohim created man in his own image. In the image of Elohim he created him; male and female he created them.

Elohim Hidden to Keep the Sabbath Jubilees 2:13-20 – And on the sixth day He created all the animals of the earth, and all cattle, and everything that moves on the earth. 14. And after all this He created man, a man and a woman created He them, and gave him dominion over all that is upon the earth, and in the seas, and over everything that flies, and over beasts and over cattle, and over everything that moves on the earth, and over the whole earth, and over all this He gave him dominion. And these four kinds He created on the sixth day. 15. And there were altogether two and twenty kinds. 16. And He finished all His work on the sixth day–all that is in the heavens and on the earth, and in the seas and in the abysses, and in the light and in the darkness, and in everything. 17. And He gave us a great sign, the Sabbath day, that we should work six days, but keep Sabbath on the seventh day from all work. 18. And all the angels of the face, and all the angels of sanctification, these two great classes–He hath hidden us to keep the Sabbath with Him in the heavens and on earth. 19. And He said unto us: “Behold, I will separate unto Myself a people from among all the peoples, and these will keep the Sabbath day, and I will sanctify them unto Myself as My people, and will bless them; as I have sanctified the Sabbath day and do sanctify (it) unto Myself, even so shall I bless them, and they will be My people and I shall be their Elohim. 20. And I have chosen the seed of Jacob from amongst all that I have seen, and have written him down as My firstborn son, and have sanctified him unto Myself for ever and ever; and I will teach them the Sabbath day, that they may keep Sabbath thereon from all work.” Ezekiel 46:1-3 ‘The Lord YHWH says: “The gate of the inner court that looks toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened. 2 The prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate outside, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate. Then he shall go out, but the gate shall not be shut until the evening. 3 The people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate before YHWH on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.

Enoch 71:1-13 And it came to pass after this that my spirit was translated And it ascended into the heavens: And I saw the holy sons of Elohim. They were stepping on flames of fire: Their garments were white [and their raiment], And their faces shone like snow. 2. And I saw two streams of fire, And the light of that fire shone like hyacinth, And I fell on my face before the Lord of Spirits. 3. And the angel Michael [one of the archangels] seized me by my right hand, And lifted me up and led me forth into all the secrets, And he showed me all the secrets of righteousness. 4. And he showed me all the secrets of the ends of the heavens, And all the chambers of all the stars, and all the luminaries, Whence they proceed before the face of the holy ones. 5. And he translated my spirit into the heavens of the heavens, And I saw there as it were a structure built of crystals, And between those crystals tongues of living fire. 6. And my spirit saw the girdle which girt that house of fire, And on its four sides were streams full of living fire, And they girt that house. 7. And round about were Seraphin, Kherubic, and Ophannin: And these are they who sleep not And guard the throne of His glory. 8. And I saw angels who could not be counted, A thousand thousands, and ten thousand times ten thousand, Encircling that house. And Michael, and Raphael, and Gabriel, and Phanuel, And the holy angels who are above the heavens, Go in and out of that house. 9. And they came forth from that house, And Michael and Gabriel, Raphael and Phanuel, And many holy angels without number. 10. And with them the Head of Days, His head white and pure as wool, And His raiment indescribable. 11. And I fell on my face, And my whole body became relaxed, And my spirit was transfigured; And I cried with a loud voice, . . .with the spirit of power, And blessed and glorified and extolled. 12. And these blessings which went forth out of my mouth were well pleasing before that Head of Days. 13. And that Head of Days came with Michael and Gabriel, Raphael and Phanuel, thousands and ten thousands of angels without number.

Deuteronomy 32:8-12, 43 When Elyon gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of man, he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of [Elohim].^(DSS) 9 For the portion of YHWH is his people. Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. 10 He found him in a desert land, in the waste howling wilderness. He surrounded him. He cared for him. He kept him as the apple of his eye. 11 As an eagle that stirs up her nest, that flutters over her young, he spread abroad his wings, he took them, he bore them on his feathers. 12 YHWH alone led him. There was no foreign god with him… Deuteronomy 32:43 Rejoice, [the heavens, together with him]^(DSS)^(LXX) [and bow down to him all you elohim],^(DSS) (and let all the angels of Elohim worship him);^{(LXX)(cf. Hebrews 1:6)} rejoice you Nations, with his people, ^(LXX)^{(cf. Romans 15:10)}, for he will avenge the blood of his [sons],^(DSS)^(LXX)and will render vengeance to his enemies, and [will recompense those who hate him];^(DSS)^(LXX) and [will atone]^(DSS) [for the land of his people].^(DSS)(LXX)

Deuteronomy 32:8 ESV + LXX

English Standard Version Bible When the Most High gave to the nations their inheritance, when he divided mankind, he fixed the borders of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Elohim. 9 But the LORD’s portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage.

Septuagint text as translated in the Apostolic Bible Polyglot by Charles VanderPool When the highest divided nations into parts, as he disseminated the sons of Adam, he set the borders of nations according to the number of the angels of Elohim; 9 and his people Jacob became a portion for the LORD. Israel is a piece of measured out land of his inheritance.

Sirach 17:15-20 Their ways are ever before him. They will not be hidden from his eyes. For every nation he appointed a ruler, but Israel is the Lord’s portion. All their works are as clear as the sun before him. His eyes are continually upon their ways. Their iniquities are not hidden from him. All their sins are before the Lord.

Deuteronomy 32:43 LXX

32:43 Rejoice, ye the heavens, with him, and let all the angels of Elohim worship him; (cf. Hebrews 1:6) rejoice ye Nations, with his people, (cf. Romans 15:10) and let all the sons of Elohim strengthen themselves in him; for he will avenge the blood of his sons, and he will render vengeance, and recompense justice to his enemies, and will reward them that hate him; and the Lord shall purge the land of his people.

Enoch 89:51-76 And again I saw those sheep that they again erred and went many ways, and forsook that their house, and the Lord of the sheep called some from amongst the sheep and sent them to the sheep, but the sheep began to slay them. 52. And one of them was saved and was not slain, and it sped away and cried aloud over the sheep; and they sought to slay it, but the Lord of the sheep saved it from the sheep, and brought it up to me, and caused it to dwell there. 53. And many other sheep He sent to those sheep to testify unto them and lament over them. 54. And after that I saw that when they forsook the house of the Lord and His tower they fell away entirely, and their eyes were blinded; and I saw the Lord of the sheep how He wrought much slaughter amongst them in their herds until those sheep invited that slaughter and betrayed His place. 55. And He gave them over into the hands of the lions and tigers, and wolves and hyenas, and into the hand of the foxes, and to all the wild beasts, and those wild beasts began to tear in pieces those sheep. 56. And I saw that He forsook that their house and their tower and gave them all into the hand of the lions, to tear and devour them, into the hand of all the wild beasts. 57. And I began to cry aloud with all my power, and to appeal to the Lord of the sheep, and to represent to Him in regard to the sheep that they were devoured by all the wild beasts. 58. But He remained unmoved, though He saw it, and rejoiced that they were devoured and swallowed and robbed, and left them to be devoured in the hand of all the beasts. 59. And He called seventy shepherds, and cast those sheep to them that they might pasture them, and He spake to the shepherds and their companions: “Let each individual of you pasture the sheep henceforward, and everything that I shall command you that do ye. 60. And I will deliver them over unto you duly numbered, and tell you which of them are to be destroyed–and them destroy ye.” And He gave over unto them those sheep. 61. And He called another and spake unto him: “Observe and mark everything that the shepherds will do to those sheep; for they will destroy more of them than I have commanded them. 62. And every excess and the destruction which will be wrought through the shepherds, record (namely) how many they destroy according to my command, and how many according to their own caprice: record against every individual shepherd all the destruction he effects. 63. And read out before me by number how many they destroy, and how many they deliver over for destruction, that I may have this as a witness against them, and know every deed of the shepherds, that I may comprehend and see what they do, whether or not they abide by my command which I have commanded them. 64. But they shall not know it, and thou shalt not declare it to them, nor admonish them, but only record against each individual all the destruction which the shepherds effect each in his time and lay it all before me.” 65. And I saw till those shepherds pastured in their season, and they began to slay and to destroy more than they were bidden, and they delivered those sheep into the hand of the lions. 66. And the lions and tigers eat and devoured the greater part of those sheep, and the wild boars eat along with them; and they burnt that tower and demolished that house. 67. And I became exceedingly sorrowful over that tower because that house of the sheep was demolished, and afterwards I was unable to see if those sheep entered that house. 68. And the shepherds and their associates delivered over those sheep to all the wild beasts, to devour them, and each one of them received in his time a definite number: it was written by the other in a book how many each one of them destroyed of them. 69. And each one slew and destroyed many more than was prescribed; and I began to weep and lament on account of those sheep. 70. And thus in the vision I saw that one who wrote, how he wrote down every one that was destroyed by those shepherds, day by day, and carried up and laid down and showed actually the whole book to the Lord of the sheep–(even) everything that they had done, and all that each one of them had made away with, and all that they had given over to destruction. 71. And the book was read before the Lord of the sheep, and He took the book from his hand and read it and sealed it and laid it down. 72. And forthwith I saw how the shepherds pastured for twelve hours, and behold three of those sheep turned back and came and entered and began to build up all that had fallen down of that house; but the wild boars tried to hinder them, but they were not able. 73. And they began again to build as before, and they reared up that tower, and it was named the high tower; and they began again to place a table before the tower, but all the bread on it was polluted and not pure. 74. And as touching all this the eyes of those sheep were blinded so that they saw not, and (the eyes of) their shepherds likewise; and they delivered them in large numbers to their shepherds for destruction, and they trampled the sheep with their feet and devoured them. 75. And the Lord of the sheep remained unmoved till all the sheep were dispersed over the field and mingled with them (i.e. the beasts), and they (i.e. the shepherds) did not save them out of the hand of the beasts. 76. And this one who wrote the book carried it up, and showed it and read it before the Lord of the sheep, and implored Him on their account, and besought Him on their account as he showed Him all the doings of the shepherds, and gave witness before Him against all the shepherds. And he took the actual book and laid it down beside Him and departed.

Enoch 90:20-27 And I saw till a throne was erected in the pleasant land, and the Lord of the sheep sat Himself thereon, and the other took the sealed books and opened those books before the Lord of the sheep. 21. And the Lord called those men the seven first white ones, and commanded that they should bring before Him, beginning with the first star which led the way, all the stars whose privy members were like those of horses, and they brought them all before Him. 22. And He said to that man who wrote before Him, being one of those seven white ones, and said unto him: “Take those seventy shepherds to whom I delivered the sheep, and who taking them on their own authority slew more than I commanded them.” 23. And behold they were all bound, I saw, and they all stood before Him. 24. And the judgement was held first over the stars, and they were judged and found guilty, and went to the place of condemnation, and they were cast into an abyss, full of fire and flaming, and full of pillars of fire. 25. And those seventy shepherds were judged and found guilty, and they were cast into that fiery abyss. 26. And I saw at that time how a like abyss was opened in the midst of the land, full of fire, and they brought those blinded sheep, and they were all judged and found guilty and cast into this fiery abyss, and they burned; now this abyss was to the right of that house. 27. And I saw those sheep burning and their bones burning.

Psalms 82:1-8 A Psalm by Asaph. Elohim presides in the assembly of elohim. He judges among elohim. 2 “How long will you judge unjustly, and show partiality to the wicked?” Selah. 3 “Judge for the helpless and the fatherless. Do righteousness to the afflicted and dispossessed. 4 Rescue the helpless and needy. Deliver them out of the hand of the wicked.” 5 They don’t know, neither do they understand. They walk back and forth in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken. 6 I said, “You are elohim, all of you are sons of the Most High. 7 Nevertheless you shall die like men, and fall like one of the rulers.” 8 Arise, Elohim, judge the earth, for you inherit all of the nations.

Psalms 89:5-8 The heavens will praise your wonders, YHWH, your faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones. 6 For who in the heavens can be compared to YHWH? Who among the Sons of Elohim is like YHWH, 7 a very awesome Elohim in the council of the holy ones, to be feared above all those who are around him? 8 YHWH, Elohim of Armies, who is strong*, like you? Yah, your faithfulness is around you.

*The word חֲסִין chasin (H2626) is only used once in the Bible here in Psalms 89:8 and is often translated as mighty, mighty one, or strong.

John 10:31-38 Therefore the Judeans took up stones again to stone him. 32 Yeshua answered them, “I have shown you many good works from my Father. For which of those works do you stone me?” 33 The Judeans answered him, “We don’t stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy, because you, being a man, make yourself Elohim.” 34 Yeshua answered them, “Isn’t it written in your law, ‘I said, you are elohim?’ 35 If he called them elohim, to whom the word of Elohim came, and the Scripture can’t be broken, 36 do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You blaspheme,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of Elohim?’ 37 If I don’t do the works of my Father, don’t believe me. 38 But if I do them, though you don’t believe me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.”

Morning Stars – Job 38:6-7 – Upon what were its foundations sunk? Or who laid its cornerstone, 7 when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of Elohim shouted for joy?

Peacemakers – Matthew 5:9 – “Blessed are the peacemakers, because they shall be called sons of Elohim.

Spirit of Adoption – Romans 8:13-17 – For if you live according to the flesh, you are going to die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you shall live. 14 For as many as are led by the Spirit of Elohim, these are sons of Elohim. 15 For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, “Abba, Father.”

Ben Elohim (Son of God)

Luke 3:23-38 – Yeshua himself, when he began to teach, was about thirty years old, being the son, as was supposed, of Joseph, the son of Eli, 24 the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph, 25 the son of Mattithiah, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai, 26 the son of Maath, the son of Mattithiah, the son of Shimei, the son of Joseph, the son of Judah, 27 the son of Yochanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri, 28 the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmodam, the son of Er, 29 the son of Yosi, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, 30 the son of Shimon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonan, the son of Eliakim, 31 the son of Maleah, the son of Manah, the son of Mattathah, the son of Nathan, the son of David, 32 the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon, 33 the son of Amminadab, the son of Ram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, 34 the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, 35 the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah, 36 the son of Kenan, the son of Arpachshad, the son of Shem, the son of Noaḥ, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of Kenan, 38 the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

The 7 Holy Angels (Archangels, Chief Princes)

STRONGS G743: ἀρχάγγελος, -ου, ὁ, (from ἀρχι, which see, and ἄγγελος), a Biblical and ecclesiastical word, archangel, i. e. chief of the angels (Hebrew שַׂר chief, prince, Daniel 10:20; Daniel 12:1), or one of the princes and leaders of the angels (הָרִאשֹׁנִים הַשָּׂרִים, Daniel 10:13): 1 Thessalonians 4:16; Jude 1:9. For the Jews after the exile distinguished several orders of angels, and some (as the author of the Book of Enoch, 9:1ff; cf. Dillmann at the passage, p. 97f) reckoned four angels (answering to the four sides of the throne of God) of the highest rank; but others, and apparently the majority (Tobit 12:15, where cf. Fritzsche; Revelation 8:2), reckoned seven (after the pattern of the seven Amshaspands, the highest spirits in the religion of Zoroaster). See under the words, Γαβριήλ and Μιχαήλ. – Thayer’s Greek Lexicon

1 Thessalonians 4:13-18; Revelation 8:1-6

1 Thessalonians 4:13 But we don’t want you to be ignorant, brothers, concerning those who have fallen asleep, so that you don’t grieve like the rest, who have no hope. 14 For if we believe that Yeshua died and rose again, even so God will bring with him those who have fallen asleep in Yeshua. 15 For this we tell you by the word of the Lord, that we who are alive, who are left until the coming of the Lord, will in no way precede those who have fallen asleep. 16 For the Lord himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with God’s shofar. The dead in Messiah will rise first, 17 then we who are alive, who are left, will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. So we will be with the Lord forever. 18 Therefore comfort one another with these words.

Revelation 8:1 When he opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. 2 I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven shofars* were given to them. 3 Another angel came and stood over the altar, having a golden censer. Much incense was given to him, that he should add it to the prayers of all the holy ones on the golden altar which was before the throne. 4 The smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the holy ones, went up before God out of the angel’s hand. 5 The angel took the censer, and he filled it with the fire of the altar, then threw it on the earth. Thunders, sounds, lightnings, and an earthquake followed. 6 The seven angels who had the seven shofars† prepared themselves to sound.

Enoch 20:1-7; Enoch 40:1-9;

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch) was written during the second century B.C. The older sections (mainly in the Book of the Watchers) of the text are estimated to date from about 300–200 B.C., and the latest part (Book of Parables) probably to 100 B.C. Various Aramaic fragments found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as Koine Greek and Latin fragments, were proof that The Book of Enoch was known by early Jews and Christians.

- ⌈ ⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus but not in the Ethiopic Version.
- ⌈⌈ ⌉⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in E the Ethiopic Version but not in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus or the Greek Version discovered at Akhmîm.
- 〉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are restored.
- [ ] The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are interpolations.
- ( ). The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are supplied by the editor.
- The use of thick type denotes that the words so printed are emended.
- † † corruption in the text.
- . . . = some words which have been lost.

Enoch 20:1 And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. 2. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartaros.* 3. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. 4. Raguel, one of the holy angels who †takes vengeance on† the world of the luminaries. 5. Michael, one of the holy angels, he that is set over the best part of mankind ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ over chaos. 6. Saraqael (or Sariel), one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. 7. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the keruvim. 8. Remiel (or Jeremiel), one of the holy angels, whom Elohim set over those who rise.

*1 Kepha (Peter) 2:4 For if Elohim didn’t spare angels when they sinned, but cast them down to Tartaros, and committed them to pits of darkness to be reserved for judgment…

Enoch 40:1 And after that I saw thousands of thousands and ten thousand times ten thousand, I saw a multitude beyond number and reckoning, who stood before the Lord of Spirits. 2. And on the four sides of the Lord of Spirits I saw four faces, different from those that sleep not, and I learnt their names: for the angel that went with me made known to me their names, and showed me all the hidden things. 3. And I heard the voices of those four faces as they uttered praises before the Lord of glory. 4. The first voice blesses the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever. 5. And the second voice I heard blessing the Elect One and the elect ones who hang upon the Lord of Spirits. 6. And the third voice I heard pray and intercede for those who dwell on the land and supplicate in the name of the Lord of Spirits. 7. And I heard the fourth voice fending off the Satans and forbidding them to come before the Lord of Spirits to accuse them who dwell on the land. 8. After that I asked the angel of peace who went with me, who showed me everything that is hidden: ‘Who are these four faces which I have seen and whose words I have heard and written down?’ 9. And he said to me: ‘This first is Michael, the merciful and long-suffering: and the second, who is set over all the diseases and all the wounds of the children of men, is Raphael: and the third, who is set over all the powers, is Gabriel: and the fourth, who is set over the repentance unto hope of those who inherit eternal life, is named Phanuel.’ And these are the four angels of the Lord of Spirits and the four voices I heard in those days.

Raphael (Tobit 12:12-22)

Tobit, also called The Book of Tobias, found its way into the Roman Catholic canon via the Septuagint. Before the 1952 discovery of Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of Tobit among the Dead Sea Scrolls in a cave at Qumran, scholars believed Tobit was not included in the Jewish canon because of late authorship, estimated to 100 A.D.. Qumran fragments of the text, which were copied between 100 B.C. to 25 A.D., evidence a much earlier origin than previously thought. These fragments evidence authorship no later than the 2nd century B.C. and, likely, contemporary with the date ascribed, by modern scholars, to the final compilation of the Book of Daniel, which did attain canonical status.

Tobit 12:12 And now, when you prayed, and Sarah your daughter-in-law, I brought the memorial of your prayer before the Holy One. When you buried the dead, I was with you likewise. 13 And when you didn’t delay to rise up, and leave your dinner, that you might go and cover the dead, your good deed was not hidden from me. I was with you. 14 And now God sent me to heal you and Sarah your daughter-in-law. 15 I am Raphael, one of the seven holy angels which present the prayers of the saints and go in before the glory of the Holy One.” 16 And they were both troubled, and fell upon their faces; for they were afraid. 17 And he said to them, “Don’t be afraid. You will all have peace; but bless God forever. 18 For I came not of any favor of my own, but by the will of your God. Therefore bless him forever. 19 All these days I appeared to you. I didn’t eat or drink, but you all saw a vision. 20 Now give God thanks, because I ascend to him who sent me. Write in a book all the things which have been done.” 21 Then they rose up, and saw him no more. 22 They confessed the great and wonderful works of God, and how the angel of the Lord had appeared to them.

Uriel (2 Esdras 4:1-4; 2 Esdras 5:20; 2 Esdras 10:28)

2 Esdras, consisting of chapters 3-14, (also called 4 Esdras, Latin Esdras, or Latin Ezra) is the name of a book in many English versions of the Bible. Its authorship is ascribed to Ezra, a scribe and priest of the 5th century B.C., although modern scholarship places its composition between 70 and 218 A.D.. It is reckoned among the apocrypha by Roman Catholics, Protestants, and most Eastern Orthodox Christians. The Ethiopian Church considers 4 Ezra to be canonical, written during the Babylonian captivity, and calls it “Izra Sutuel” (ዕዝራ ሱቱኤል). It was also often cited by the Fathers of the Church. In the Eastern Armenian tradition it is called 3 Ezra.

2 Esdras 4:1 The angel who was sent to me, whose name was Uriel, gave me an answer, 2 and said to me, “Your understanding has utterly failed you regarding this world. Do you think you can comprehend the way of the Most High?” 3 Then I said, “Yes, my Lord.” He answered me, “I have been sent to show you three ways, and to set before you three problems. 4 If you can solve one for me, I also will show you the way that you desire to see, and I will teach you why the heart is wicked.”

2 Esdras 5:20 So I fasted seven days, mourning and weeping, like Uriel the angel had commanded me.

2 Esdras 10:28 “Where is Uriel the angel, who came to me at the first? For he has caused me to fall into this great trance, and my end has turned into corruption, and my prayer a reproach!”

Michael (Daniel 10:1-21; Daniel 12:1-4; Jude 1:8-10)

Daniel 10:1 In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a message was revealed to Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the message was true, even a great warfare. He understood the message, and had understanding of the vision. 2 In those days I, Daniel, was mourning three whole weeks. 3 I ate no pleasant food. No meat or wine came into my mouth. I didn’t anoint myself at all, until three whole weeks were fulfilled. 4 In the twenty-fourth day of the first new moon, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel, 5 I lifted up my eyes and looked, and behold, there was a man clothed in linen, whose waist was adorned with pure gold of Uphaz. 6 His body also was like beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as flaming torches. His arms and his feet were like burnished bronze. The voice of his words was like the voice of a multitude. 7 I, Daniel, alone saw the vision, for the men who were with me didn’t see the vision, but a great quaking fell on them, and they fled to hide themselves. 8 So I was left alone and saw this great vision. No strength remained in me; for my face grew deathly pale, and I retained no strength. 9 Yet I heard the voice of his words. When I heard the voice of his words, then I fell into a deep sleep on my face, with my face toward the ground. 10 Behold, a hand touched me, which set me on my knees and on the palms of my hands. 11 He said to me, “Daniel, you greatly beloved man, understand the words that I speak to you, and stand upright, for I have been sent to you, now.” When he had spoken this word to me, I stood trembling. 12 Then he said to me, “Don’t be afraid, Daniel; for from the first day that you set your heart to understand, and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard. I have come for your words’ sake. 13 But the prince of the kingdom of Persia withstood me twenty-one days; but, behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me because I remained there with the kings of Persia. 14 Now I have come to make you understand what will happen to your people in the latter days, for the vision is yet for many days.” 15 When he had spoken these words to me, I set my face toward the ground and was mute. 16 Behold, one in the likeness of the sons of men touched my lips. Then I opened my mouth, and spoke and said to him who stood before me, “My lord, by reason of the vision my sorrows have overtaken me, and I retain no strength. 17 For how can the servant of this my lord talk with this my lord? For as for me, immediately there remained no strength in me. There was no breath left in me.” 18 Then one like the appearance of a man touched me again, and he strengthened me. 19 He said, “Greatly beloved man, don’t be afraid. Peace be to you. Be strong. Yes, be strong.” When he spoke to me, I was strengthened, and said, “Let my lord speak, for you have strengthened me.” 20 Then he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? Now I will return to fight with the prince of Persia. When I go out, behold, the prince of Greece will come. 21 But I will tell you that which is inscribed in the writing of truth. There is no one who holds with me against these but Michael your prince.

Daniel 12:1-4 “At that time Michael will stand up, the great prince who stands for the children of your people; and there will be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time. At that time your people will be delivered, everyone who is found written in the book. 2 Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt. 3 Those who are wise will shine as the brightness of the expanse. Those who turn many to righteousness will shine as the stars forever and ever. 4 But you, Daniel, shut up the words and seal the book, even to the time of the end. Many will run back and forth, and knowledge will be increased.”

Jude 1:8 Yet in the same way, these also in their dreaming defile the flesh, despise authority, and slander celestial beings. 9 But Michael, the archangel, when contending with the devil and arguing about the body of Moses, dared not bring against him an abusive condemnation, but said, “May the Lord rebuke you!” 10 But these speak evil of whatever things they don’t know. They are destroyed in these things that they understand naturally, like the creatures without reason.

Gabriel (Daniel 8:13-18; Daniel 9:20-27; Luke 1:5-38)

Daniel 8:13 Then I heard a holy one speaking; and another holy one said to that certain one who spoke, “How long will the vision about the continual burnt offering, and the disobedience that makes desolate, to give both the sanctuary and the army to be trodden under foot be?” 14 He said to me, “To two thousand and three hundred evenings and mornings. Then the sanctuary will be cleansed.” 15 When I, even I Daniel, had seen the vision, I sought to understand it. Then behold, there stood before me someone with the appearance of a man. 16 I heard a man’s voice between the banks of the Ulai, which called and said, “Gabriel, make this man understand the vision.” 17 So he came near where I stood; and when he came, I was frightened, and fell on my face; but he said to me, “Understand, son of man, for the vision belongs to the time of the end.” 18 Now as he was speaking with me, I fell into a deep sleep with my face toward the ground; but he touched me and set me upright.

Daniel 9:20 While I was speaking, praying, and confessing my sin and the sin of my people Israel, and presenting my supplication before YHWH my God for the holy mountain of my God— 21 yes, while I was speaking in prayer—the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, being caused to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening offering. 22 He instructed me and talked with me, and said, “Daniel, I have now come to give you wisdom and understanding. 23 At the beginning of your petitions the commandment went out, and I have come to tell you, for you are greatly beloved. Therefore consider the matter and understand the vision. 24 “Seventy weeks are decreed on your people and on your holy city, to finish disobedience, to make an end of sins, to make reconciliation for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most holy. 25 “Know therefore and discern that from the going out of the commandment to restore and build Jerusalem to the Anointed One,† the prince, will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will be built again, with street and moat, even in troubled times. 26 After the sixty-two weeks the Anointed One‡ will be cut off, and will have nothing. The people of the prince who come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end will be with a flood, and war will be even to the end. Desolations are determined. 27 He will make a firm covenant with many for one week. In the middle of the week he will cause the slaughter and the offering to cease. On the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate; and even to the decreed full end, wrath will be poured out on the desolate.”

Luke 1:5 There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judea, a certain priest named Zechariah, of the priestly division of Abijah. He had a woman of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisheva. 6 They were both righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord. 7 But they had no child, because Elisheva was barren, and they both were well advanced in years. 8 Now while he executed the priest’s office before God in the order of his division 9 according to the custom of the priest’s office, his lot was to enter into the temple of the Lord and burn incense. 10 The whole multitude of the people were praying outside at the hour of incense. 11 An angel of the Lord appeared to him, standing on the right side of the altar of incense. 12 Zechariah was troubled when he saw him, and fear fell upon him. 13 But the angel said to him, “Don’t be afraid, Zechariah, because your request has been heard. Your woman, Elisheva, will bear you a son, and you shall call his name Yochanan. 14 You will have joy and gladness, and many will rejoice at his birth. 15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and he will drink no wine nor strong drink. He will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb. 16 He will turn many of the sons of Israel to the Lord their God. 17 He will go before him in the spirit and power of Elijah, ‘to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children,’ (cf. Malachi 4:6) and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to prepare a people prepared for the Lord.” 18 Zechariah said to the angel, “How can I be sure of this? For I am an old man, and my wife is well advanced in years.” 19 The angel answered him, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God. I was sent to speak to you and to bring you this good news. 20 Behold,* you will be silent and not able to speak until the day that these things will happen, because you didn’t believe my words, which will be fulfilled in their proper time.” 21 The people were waiting for Zechariah, and they marveled that he delayed in the temple. 22 When he came out, he could not speak to them. They perceived that he had seen a vision in the temple. He continued making signs to them, and remained mute. 23 When the days of his service were fulfilled, he departed to his house. 24 After these days Elisheva his wife conceived, and she hid herself five new moons, saying, 25 “Thus has the Lord done to me in the days in which he looked at me, to take away my reproach among men.” 26 Now in the sixth new moon, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a city of Galilee named Nazareth, 27 to a virgin betrothed to a man whose name was Joseph, of David’s house. The virgin’s name was Miriam. 28 Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! The Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women!” 29 But when she saw him, she was greatly troubled at the saying, and considered what kind of salutation this might be. 30 The angel said to her, “Don’t be afraid, Miriam, for you have found favor with God. 31 Behold, you will conceive in your womb and give birth to a son, and shall name him ‘Yeshua.’ 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, 33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever. There will be no end to his Kingdom.” 34 Miriam said to the angel, “How can this be, seeing I am a virgin?” 35 The angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you. Therefore also the holy one who is born from you will be called the Son of God. 36 Behold, Elisheva your relative also has conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth new moon with her who was called barren. 37 For nothing spoken by God is impossible.” 38 Miriam said, “Behold, the servant of the Lord; let it be done to me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.

Jeremiel (2 Esdras 4:34-37)

2 Esdras 4:34 He answered me, and said, “Don’t hurry faster than the Most High; for your haste is for your own self, but he who is above hurries on behalf of many. 35 Didn’t the souls of the righteous ask question of these things in their chambers, saying, ‘How long will we be here? When does the fruit of the threshing floor come?’ 36 To them, Jeremiel the archangel answered, ‘When the number is fulfilled of those who are like you. For he has weighed the world in the balance. 37 By measure, he has measured the times. By number, he has counted the seasons. He won’t move or stir them until that measure is fulfilled.’ ”

“Fallen” Angels

Jubilees 4:15-22 And in the second week of the tenth jubilee Mahalalel took unto him to wife Dînâh, the daughter of Barâkî’êl the daughter of his father’s brother, and she bare him a son in the third week in the sixth year [461 A.M.], and he called his name Jared; for in his days the angels of the Lord descended the land, those who are named the Watchers, that they should instruct the children of men, and that they should do judgment and uprightness on the land. 16 And in the eleventh jubilee [512-18 A.M.] Jared took to himself a woman, and her name was Baraka, the daughter of Râsûjâl, a daughter of his father’s brother, in the fourth week of this jubilee, [522 A.M.] and she bare him a son in the fifth week, in the fourth year of the jubilee, and he called his name Enoch. 17. And he was the first among men that are born on land who learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom and who wrote down the signs of the heavens according to the order of their new moons in a book, that men might know the seasons of the years according to the order of their separate new moons. 18. And he was the first to write a witness and he witnessed to the sons of men among the generations of the land, and recounted the weeks of the jubilees, and made known to them the days of the years, and set in order the new moons and recounted the Sabbaths of the years as we made (them), known to him. 19. And what was and what will be he saw in a vision of his sleep, as it will happen to the children of men throughout their generations until the day of judgment; he saw and understood everything, and wrote his witness, and placed the witness on land for all the children of men and for their generations. 20. And in the twelfth jubilee, [582-88] in the seventh week thereof, he took to himself a woman, and her name was Edna, the daughter of Danel, the daughter of his father’s brother, and in the sixth year in this week [587 A.M.] she bare him a son and he called his name Methuselah. 21. And he was moreover with the angels of Elohim these six jubilees of years, and they showed him everything which is on land and in the heavens, the rule of the sun, and he wrote down everything. 22. And he witnessed to the Watchers, who had sinned with the daughters of men; for these had begun to unite themselves, so as to be defiled, with the daughters of men, and Enoch witnessed against (them) all.

Enoch 6:1-8 And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto 2 them beautiful and comely daughters. And the angels, the children of the heavens, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men 3 and beget us children.’ And Semjaza, who was their leader, said unto them: ‘I fear ye will not 4 indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin.’ And they all answered him and said: ‘Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations 5 not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.’ Then sware they all together and bound themselves 6 by mutual imprecations upon it. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn 7 and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. And these are the names of their leaders: Samlazaz, their leader, Araklba, Rameel, Kokablel, Tamlel, Ramlel, Danel, Ezeqeel, Baraqijal, 8 Asael, Armaros, Batarel, Ananel, Zaqlel, Samsapeel, Satarel, Turel, Jomjael, Sariel. These are their chiefs of tens.

The Damascus Document 4Q266-272 So now, my children, listen to me that I may uncover your eyes to see and understand the deeds of Elohim, choosing what pleases Him and hating what He rejects, living perfectly in all His ways, not turning away through thoughts caused by the sinful urge and lecherous eyes. For many have gone astray by such thoughts, even strong and doughty men of old faltered through them, and still do. When they went about in their willful heart, the Guardian Angels of Heaven fell and were ensnared by it, for they did not observe the commandments of Elohim. Their sons, who were as tall as cedars, and whose bodies were as big as mountains fell by it.

Matthew 25:31-46 “But when the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory. 32 Before him all the nations will be gathered, and he will separate them one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will set the sheep on his right hand, but the goats on the left. 34 Then the King will tell those on his right hand, ‘Come, blessed of my Father, inherit the Reign prepared for you from the foundation of the world; 35 for I was hungry and you gave me food to eat. I was thirsty and you gave me drink. I was a stranger and you took me in. 36 I was naked and you clothed me. I was sick and you visited me. I was in prison and you came to me.’ 37 “Then the righteous will answer him, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you a drink? 38 When did we see you as a stranger and take you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and come to you?’ 40 “The King will answer them, ‘Amen, amen, I tell you, because you did it to one of the least of these my brothers, you did it to me.’ 41 Then he will say also to those on the left hand, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire which is prepared for the devil and his angels; 42 for I was hungry, and you didn’t give me food to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me no drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you didn’t take me in; naked, and you didn’t clothe me; sick, and in prison, and you didn’t visit me.’ 44 “Then they will also answer, saying, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and didn’t help you?’ 45 “Then he will answer them, saying, ‘Amen, amen, I tell you, because you didn’t do it to one of the least of these, you didn’t do it to me.’ 46 These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

2 Peter 2:4 “For if Elohim did not spare the angels who sinned, but sent them to Tartaros, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be kept for judgment…”

In Greek mythology, Τάρταρος Tártaros is the deep abyss that is used as a dungeon of torment and suffering for the wicked and as the prison for the Titans. “The name of the subterranean region, doleful and dark, regarded by the ancient Greeks as the abode of the wicked dead, where they suffer punishment for their evil deeds; it answers to Gehenna of the Jews” (Thayer)

Gehenna (G1067) – “Hell is the place of the future punishment called “Gehenna” or “Gehenna of fire”. This was originally the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where the filth and dead animals of the city were cast out and burned; a fit symbol of the wicked and their future destruction.” (Thayer)

Jude 1:6 And the angels who did not keep their own principality, but left their own dwelling, He has kept in everlasting shackles under darkness for the judgment of the great day.

Unclean Spirits, Demons, Evil Spirits

Enoch 15:1-11 And He answered and said to me, and I heard His voice: ‘Fear not, Enoch, thou righteous man and scribe of righteousness: approach hither and hear my voice. 2. And go, say to ⌈⌈the Watchers of the heavens⌉⌉, who have sent thee to intercede ⌈⌈for them: “You should intercede”⌉⌉ for men, and not men for you: 3. Wherefore have ye left the high, holy, and eternal the heavens, and lain with women, and defiled yourselves with the daughters of men and taken to yourselves wives, and done like the children of land, and begotten giants (as your) sons? 4. And though ye were holy, spiritual, living the eternal life, you have defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and have begotten (children) with the blood of flesh, and, as the children of men, have lusted after flesh and blood as those ⌈also⌉ do who die and perish. 5. Therefore have I given them wives also that they might impregnate them, and beget children by them, that thus nothing might be wanting to them on land. 6. But you were ⌈formerly⌉ spiritual, living the eternal life, and immortal for all generations of the world. 7. And therefore I have not appointed wives for you; for as for the spiritual ones of the heavens, in the heavens is their dwelling. 8. And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and flesh, shall be called evil spirits upon the land, and on the land shall be their dwelling. 9. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they are born from men, ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ from the holy Watchers is their beginning and primal origin; ⌈they shall be evil spirits on land, and⌉ evil spirits shall they be called. [10. As for the spirits of the heavens, in the heavens shall be their dwelling, but as for the spirits of the land which were born upon the land, on the land shall be their dwelling.] 11. And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and work destruction on the land, and cause trouble: they take no food, ⌈but nevertheless hunger⌉ and thirst, and cause offences. And these spirits shall rise up against the children of men and against the women, because they have proceeded ⌈from them⌉ [during the days of slaughter and destruction].

Jubilees 10:1-17 And in the third week of this jubilee the unclean demons began to lead astray the children of the sons of Noaḥ; and to make to err and destroy them. 2. And the sons of Noaḥ came to Noaḥ their father, and they told him concerning the demons which were, leading astray and blinding and slaying his sons’ sons. 3. And he prayed before the Lord his Elohim, and said: Elohim of the spirits of all flesh, who hast shown mercy unto me, And hast saved me and my sons from the waters of the flood, And hast not caused me to perish as Thou didst the sons of perdition; For Thy grace hath been great towards me, And great hath been Thy mercy to my soul; Let Thy grace be lift up upon my sons, And let not wicked spirits rule over them Lest they should destroy them from the land. 4. But do Thou bless me and my sons, that we may increase and multiply and replenish the land. 5. And Thou knowest how Thy Watchers, the fathers of these spirits, acted in my day: and as for these spirits which are living, imprison them and hold them fast in the place of condemnation, and let them not bring destruction on the sons of thy servant, my Elohim; for these are malignant, and created in order to destroy. 6. And let them not rule over the spirits of the living; for Thou alone canst exercise dominion over them. And let them not have power over the sons of the righteous from henceforth and for evermore.” 7. And the Lord our Elohim bade us to bind all. 8. And the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said: “Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them hearken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men.” 9. And He said: “Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend into the place of condemnation.” 10. And one of us He commanded that we should teach Noaḥ all their medicines; for He knew that they would not walk in uprightness, nor strive in righteousness. 11. And we did according to all His words: all the malignant evil ones we bound in the place of condemnation, and a tenth part of them we left that they might be subject before Satan on the land. 12. And we explained to Noaḥ all the medicines of their diseases, together with their seductions, how he might heal them with herbs of the land. 13. And Noaḥ wrote down all things in a book as we instructed him concerning every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded from (hurting) the sons of Noaḥ. 14. And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his eldest son; for he loved him exceedingly above all his sons. 15. And Noaḥ slept with his fathers, and was buried on Mount Lûbâr in the land of Ararat. 16. Nine hundred and fifty years he completed in his life, nineteen jubilees and two weeks and five years. 17. And in his life on land he excelled the children of men save Enoch because of the righteousness, wherein he was perfect. For Enoch’s office was ordained for a witness to the generations of the world, so that he should recount all the deeds of generation unto generation, till the day of judgment.

Baruch 3:24-28 O Israel, how great is the house of Elohim! and how large is the place of his possession! 25 great, and has none end; high, and unmeasurable. 26 There were the giants born that were famous of old, great of stature, and expert in war. 27 Elohim didn’t choose these, nor did he give the way of knowledge to them; 28 so they perished, because they had no wisdom, they perished through their own foolishness.

Wisdom of Solomon 14:6-13 For in the old time also, when proud giants were perishing, the hope of the world, taking refuge on a raft, your hand guided the seed of generations of the race of men. 7 For blessed is wood through which comes righteousness; 8 but the idol made with hands is accursed, itself and he that made it; because his was the working, and the corruptible thing was called a god: 9 For both the impious and his ungodliness are alike hateful to Elohim; 10 for truly the deed will be punished together with him who committed it. 11 Therefore also there will be a inspection among the idols of the nation, because, though formed of things which Elohim created, they were made an abomination, stumbling blocks to the souls of men, and a snare to the feet of the foolish. 12 For the devising of idols was the beginning of fornication, and the invention of them the corruption of life. 13 For they didn’t exist from the beginning, and they won’t exist forever.

The Ages of Creation 4Q180 A badly worn manuscript from Cave 4 has been published under this title by J. M. Allegro. The only section yielding coherent sense deals with the fallen angels and the daughters of men, which is based on Genesis 6:1–4, and fully developed in 1 Enoch. If Milik’s reconstruction is correct, the work presents human history as divided into seventy weeks of years (70 × 7 years), the first ten of which cover the period from Noaḥ to Abraham.

Interpretation concerning the ages made by Elohim, all the ages for the accomplishment [of all the events, past] and future. Before ever He created them, He determined the works of … age by age. And it was engraved on [the heavenly] tablets … the ages of their domination. This is the order of the cre[ation of man from Noaḥ to Abraham, un] til he begot Isaac; ten [weeks (of years)]. [5] And the interpretation concerns Azazel and the angels who [came to the daughters of men; and] they bore to them giants. And concerning Azazel … and iniquity, and to cause them all to inherit wickedness … [10] judgements and judgement of the congregation.

Luke 10:1-20 Now after these things, the Lord also appointed seventy others, and sent them two by two ahead of him into every city and place where he was about to come. 2 Then he said to them, “The harvest is indeed plentiful, but the laborers are few. Pray therefore to the Lord of the harvest, that he may send out laborers into his harvest. 3 Go your ways. Behold, I send you out as lambs among wolves. 4 Carry no purse, nor wallet, nor sandals. Greet no one on the way. 5 Into whatever house you enter, first say, ‘Peace be to this house.’ 6 If a son of peace is there, your peace will rest on him; but if not, it will return to you. 7 Remain in that same house, eating and drinking the things they give, for the laborer is worthy of his wages. Don’t go from house to house. 8 Into whatever city you enter and they receive you, eat the things that are set before you. 9 Heal the sick who are there and tell them, ‘the reign of Elohim has come near to you.’ 10 But into whatever city you enter and they don’t receive you, go out into its streets and say, 11 ‘Even the dust from your city that clings to us, we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know this, that the reign of Elohim has come near to you.’ 12 I tell you, it will be more tolerable in that day for Sodom than for that city. 13 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes. 14 But it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon in the judgment than for you. 15 You, Capernaum, who are exalted to the heavens, will be brought down to Sheol. 16 Whoever listens to you listens to me, and whoever rejects you rejects me. Whoever rejects me rejects him who sent me.” 17 The seventy returned with joy, saying, “Lord, even the demons are subject to us in your name!” 18 He said to them, “I saw Satan having fallen like lightning from the heavens. 19 Behold, I give you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy. Nothing will in any way hurt you. 20 Nevertheless, don’t rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rejoice that your names are written in the heavens.”

Matthew 12:43 “When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places seeking rest, and doesn’t find it. 44 Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came;’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order. 45 Then he goes and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.”

Mark 6:7-13 He called to himself the twelve, and began to send them out two by two; and he gave them authority over the unclean spirits. 8 He commanded them that they should take nothing for their journey, except a staff only: no bread, no wallet, no money in their purse, 9 but to wear sandals, and not put on two tunics. 10 He said to them, “Wherever you enter into a house, stay there until you depart from there. 11 Whoever will not receive you nor hear you, as you depart from there, shake off the dust that is under your feet for a witness against them. Assuredly, I tell you, it will be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city!” 12 They went out and preached that people should repent. 13 They cast out many demons, and anointed many with oil who were sick and healed them.

Luke 11:24 The unclean spirit, when he has gone out of the man, passes through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none, he says, ‘I will turn back to my house from which I came out.’ 25 When he returns, he finds it swept and put in order. 26 Then he goes, and takes seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first.”

Acts 5:16-20 The multitude also came together from the cities around Jerusalem, bringing sick people and those who were tormented by unclean spirits; and they were all healed. 17 But the high priest rose up, and all those who were with him (which is the sect of the Sadducees), and they were filled with zeal 18 and laid hands on the emissaries, then put them in public custody. 19 But an angel of the Lord opened the prison doors by night, and brought them out and said, 20 “Go stand and speak in the temple to the people all the words of this life.”

Acts 8:1-8 Sha’ul was consenting to his death. A great persecution arose against the assembly which was in Jerusalem in that day. They were all scattered abroad throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria, except for the emissaries. 2 Devout men buried Stephen and lamented greatly over him. 3 But Shaul ravaged the assembly, entering into every house and dragged both men and women off to prison. 4 Therefore those who were scattered abroad went around proclaiming the word. 5 Philip went down to the city of Samaria and proclaimed to them the Messiah. 6 The multitudes listened with one accord to the things that were spoken by Philip when they heard and saw the signs which he did. 7 For unclean spirits came out of many of those who had them. They came out, crying with a loud voice. Many who had been paralyzed and lame were healed. 8 There was great joy in that city.

Acts 19:11-17 Elohim worked special miracles by the hands of Paul, 12 so that even handkerchiefs or aprons were carried away from his body to the sick, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil spirits went out. 13 But some of the itinerant Jews, exorcists, took on themselves to invoke over those who had the evil spirits the name of the Lord Yeshua, saying, “We adjure you by Yeshua whom Paul preaches.” 14 There were seven sons of one Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who did this. 15 The evil spirit answered, “Yeshua I know, and Paul I know, but who are you?” 16 The man in whom the evil spirit was leaped on them, overpowered them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded. 17 This became known to all, both Jews and Greeks, who lived at Ephesus. Fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Yeshua was magnified.

Revelation 16:13 I saw coming out of the mouth of the dragon, and out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits, something like frogs; 14 for they are spirits of demons, performing signs; which go out to the kings of the whole inhabited land, to gather them together for the war of that great day of Elohim, the Almighty. 15 “Behold, I come like a thief. Blessed is he who watches, and keeps his clothes, so that he doesn’t walk naked, and they see his shame.” 16 He gathered them together into the place which is called in Hebrew, “Megiddo”.

Mastema, Satan, The Devil

מַשְׂטֵמָה mastemah (H4895) means animosity or enmity. Mastema is used as the proper name of the chief of the evil spirits in Jubilees 10:8.

Jubilees 10:7-9 And the Lord our Elohim bade us to bind all. 8. And the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said: “Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them hearken to my voice, and do all that I shall say unto them; for if some of them are not left to me, I shall not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men.” 9. And He said: “Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend into the place of condemnation.”

Jubilees 48:12-17 And notwithstanding all (these) signs and wonders the prince of the Mastema was not put to shame because he took courage and cried to the Egyptians to pursue after you with all the powers of the Egyptians, with their chariots, and with their horses, and with all the hosts of the peoples of Egypt. 13. And I stood between the Egyptians and Israel, and we delivered Israel out of his hand, and out of the hand of his people, and YHWH brought them through the midst of the sea as if it were dry land. 14. And all the peoples whom he brought to pursue after Israel, YHWH our Elohim cast them into the midst of the sea, into the depths of the abyss beneath the sons of Israel, even as the people of Egypt had cast their children into the river. 4 He took vengeance on 1,000,000 of them, and one thousand strong and energetic men were destroyed on account of one suckling of the children of your people which they had thrown into the river. 15. And on the fourteenth day and on the fifteenth and on the sixteenth and on the seventeenth and on the eighteenth the prince of the Mastema was bound and imprisoned behind the sons of Israel that he might not accuse them. 16. And on the nineteenth we let them loose that they might help the Egyptians and pursue the sons of Israel. 17. And he hardened their hearts and made them stubborn, and the device was devised by YHWH our Elohim that He might smite the Egyptians and cast them into the sea.

שָּׂטָ֖ן satan (H7854) is means to oppose, resist, or be an adversary (cf. 1 Kings 11:14, 23, 25; 1 Chronicles 21:1; Psalms 109:6). When written as הַשָּׂטָ֖ן hasatan, the definite article likely refers to the Adversary and usually written as Satan (capital ‘S’) as a proper name (cf. Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Zechariah 3:1-2). Equivalent to σατανάς satanás (G4567) meaning adversary (one who opposes another in purpose or act) sometimes used as a proper name given to Satan, the prince of evil spirits (cf. Matthew 12:26; Matthew 16:23; Mark 1:13; Luke 4:8; 2 Corinthians 12:7 (G4566).

Luke 10:18 And He [Yeshua] said to them, “I saw Satan falling out of the heavens as lightning…”

Luke 22:31-32 – And the Master said, “Shim’on, Shim’on! See, Satan has asked for you to sift you as wheat. 32 “But I have prayed for you, that your belief should not fail. And when you have turned, strengthen your brothers.”

2 Corinthians 11:14 And no wonder! For Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light!

Sha’ul’s Thorn in the Flesh – 2 Corinthians 12:7 – And to keep me from exalting myself because of the exceeding greatness of the revelations, a thorn in the flesh was given to me, an angel of Satan to hit me, to keep me from exalting myself.

διάβολος diabolos (G1228) is a calumniator, false accuser, or slanderer (cf. Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Psalms 109:6; Zechariah 3:1-2; Matthew 4:1-11; Matthew 13:39; Matthew 25:41; John 6:70; John 8:44; John 13:2; 1 Timothy 3:6-11)

Matthew 25:41 Then he will say also to those on the left hand, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire which is prepared for the devil and his angels

Ephesians 6:11-18 Put on the whole armor of Elohim, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12 For our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world’s rulers of the darkness of this age, and against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places. 13 Therefore put on the whole armor of Elohim, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. 14 Stand therefore, having girded your waist with truth (cf. Isaiah 11:5), and having put on the breastplate of righteousness (cf. Isaiah 59:17), 15 and having fitted your feet with the preparation of the Good News of peace (cf. Isaiah 52:7), 16 above all, taking up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation (cf. Isaiah 59:17), and the sword of the Spirit, which is the spoken word of Elohim; 18 with all prayer and requests, praying at all times in the Spirit, and being watchful to this end in all perseverance and requests for all the holy ones.

1 Peter 5:8 Be sober and self-controlled. Be watchful. Your adversary, the devil, walks around like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.

1 John 3:10 – In this the children of Elohim and the children of the devil are manifest: Everyone not doing righteousness is not of Elohim, neither the one not loving his brother.

Revelation 12:7-12 There was war in the heavens. Michael and his angels made war on the dragon. The dragon and his angels made war. 8 They didn’t prevail. No place was found for them any more in the heavens. 9 The great dragon was thrown down, the old serpent, he who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world. He was thrown down to the land, and his angels were thrown down with him. 10 I heard a loud voice in the heavens, saying, “Now the salvation, the power, and the Reign of our Elohim, and the authority of his Messiah has come; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them before our Elohim day and night. 11 They overcame him because of the Lamb’s blood, and because of the word of their witness. They didn’t love their life, even to death. 12 Therefore rejoice, the heavens, and you who dwell in them. Woe to the land and to the sea, because the devil has gone down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has but a short time.”

Nephilim, Anakim, and Rephaim

נְּפִלִים Nephilim (H5303) is the masculine plural of the word naphal (H5307) which means to cause to fall, throw down, knock out, or lay prostrate (cf. Genesis 2:21; Genesis 4:5-6; Exodus 21:27; Exodus 32:28). נְּפִלִים Nephilim is often incorrectly translated as “giants,” likely due to the Greek Old Testament’s translation of Nephilim as γίγαντες gígantes which means “giants.”

Jubilees 7:20-25 And in the twenty-eighth jubilee Noaḥ began to enjoin upon his sons’ sons the ordinances and commandments, and all the judgments that he knew, and he exhorted his sons to observe righteousness, and to cover the shame of their flesh, and to bless their Creator, and honour father and mother, and love their neighbour, and guard their souls from fornication and uncleanness and all iniquity. 21. For owing to these three things 6 came the flood upon the land, namely, owing to the fornication wherein the Watchers against the law of their ordinances went a whoring after the daughters of men, and took themselves wives of all which they chose: and they made the beginning of uncleanness. 22. And they begat sons the Nâphîdîm, and they were all unlike, and they devoured one another: and the Giants slew the Nâphîl, and the Nâphîl slew the Eljô, and the Eljô mankind, and one man another. 23. And every one sold himself to work iniquity and to shed much blood, and the land was filled with iniquity. 24. And after this they sinned against the beasts and birds, and all that moveth and walketh on the land: and much blood was shed on the land, and every imagination and desire of men imagined vanity and evil continually. 25. And the Lord destroyed everything from off the face of the land; because of the wickedness of their deeds, and because of the blood which they had shed in the midst of the land He destroyed everything.

Numbers 13:25-33 They returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days. 26 They went and came to Moses, to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word to them and to all the congregation. They showed them the fruit of the land. 27 They told him, and said, “We came to the land where you sent us. Surely it flows with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28 However, the people who dwell in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover, we saw the children of Anak there. 29 Amalek dwells in the land of the South. The Hittite, the Jebusite, and the Amorite dwell in the hill country. The Canaanite dwells by the sea, and along the side of the Jordan.” 30 Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, “Let’s go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it!” 31 But the men who went up with him said, “We aren’t able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.” 32 They brought up an evil report of the land which they had spied out to the sons of Israel, saying, “The land, through which we have gone to spy it out, is a land that eats up its inhabitants; and all the people who we saw in it are men of great stature. 33 There we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come from the Nephilim. We were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.”

Deuteronomy 1:21-28 Behold, YHWH your Elohim has set the land before you. Go up, take possession, as YHWH the Elohim of your fathers has spoken to you. Don’t be afraid, neither be dismayed.” 22 You came near to me, everyone of you, and said, “Let’s send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring back to us word of the way by which we must go up, and the cities to which we shall come.” 23 The thing pleased me well. I took twelve of your men, one man for every tribe. 24 They turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the valley of Eshcol, and spied it out. 25 They took some of the fruit of the land in their hands and brought it down to us, and brought us word again, and said, “It is a good land which YHWH our Elohim gives to us.” 26 Yet you wouldn’t go up, but rebelled against the commandment of YHWH your Elohim. 27 You murmured in your tents, and said, “Because YHWH hated us, he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where are we going up? Our brothers have made our heart melt, saying, ‘The people are greater and taller than we. The cities are great and fortified up to the heavens. Moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there!’ ”

רְפָאִים Rephaim (H7497) is the masculine plural of the word Rapha (H7495) which means to heal, be healed, or be a physician (cf. Genesis 50:2; Jeremiah 8:22). רְפָאִים Rephaim is often incorrectly translated as “giants,” likely due to the Greek Old Testament’s translation of Rapha and Rephaim as γίγαντες gígantes which means “giants.”

אֵימִים Emim (H368) is the masculine plural of the word Emah (H367) which means terror, horror, or dread (cf. Genesis 15:12; Psalms 55:4)

עֲנָקִים ‘Anakim (H6062) is the masculine plural of the word ‘Anak (H6059) which means “neck,” possibly meaning the ‘Anakim had long-necks.

Genesis 14:1-7 In the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar; Arioch, king of Ellasar; Chedorlaomer, king of Elam; and Tidal, king of Goiim, 2 they made war with Bera, king of Sodom; Birsha, king of Gomorrah; Shinab, king of Admah; Shemeber, king of Zeboiim; and the king of Bela, also called Zoar. 3 All these joined together in the valley of Siddim, also called the Salt Sea. 4 They served Chedorlaomer for twelve years, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5 In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him came and struck the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 6 and the Horites in their Mount Seir, to El Paran, which is by the wilderness. 7 They returned, and came to En Mishpat, also called Kadesh, and struck all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that lived in Hazazon Tamar.

Genesis 15:18-21 In that day YHWH cut a covenant with Abram, saying, “I have given this land to your seed, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates: 19 the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, 20 the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, 21 the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.”

Deuteronomy 2:8-12 So we passed by from our brothers, the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir, from the way of the Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber. We turned and passed by the way of the wilderness of Moab. 9 YHWH said to me, “Don’t bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you any of his land for a possession, because I have given Ar to the children of Lot for a possession.” 10 The Emim lived there before, a great and numerous people, and tall as the Anakim. 11 These also are considered to be Rephaim, as the Anakim; but the Moabites call them Emim. 12 The Horites also lived in Seir in the past, but the children of Esau succeeded them. They destroyed them from before them, and lived in their place, as Israel did to the land of his possession, which YHWH gave to them. 13 “Now rise up and cross over the brook Zered.” We went over the brook Zered. 14 The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea until we had come over the brook Zered were thirty-eight years, until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the middle of the camp, as YHWH swore to them. 15 Moreover the hand of YHWH was against them, to destroy them from the middle of the camp, until they were consumed. 16 So, when all the men of war were consumed and dead from among the people, 17 YHWH spoke to me, saying, 18 “You are to pass over Ar, the border of Moab, today. 19 When you come near the border of the children of Ammon, don’t bother them, nor contend with them; for I will not give you any of the land of the children of Ammon for a possession, because I have given it to the children of Lot for a possession.” 20 That also is considered a land of Rephaim. Rephaim lived there in the past, but the Ammonites call them Zamzummim, 21 a great people, many, and tall, as the Anakim; but YHWH destroyed them from before Israel, and they succeeded them, and lived in their place, 22 as he did for the children of Esau who dwell in Seir, when he destroyed the Horites from before them; and they succeeded them, and lived in their place even to this day. 23 Then the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza: the Caphtorim, who came out of Caphtor, destroyed them and lived in their place.

Deuteronomy 3:1-15 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan. Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. 2 YHWH said to me, “Don’t fear him; for I have delivered him, with all his people and his land, into your hand. You shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon. 3 So YHWH our Elohim also delivered into our hand Og, the king of Bashan, and all his people. We struck him until no one was left to him remaining. 4 We took all his cities at that time. There was not a city which we didn’t take from them: sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the reign of Og in Bashan. 5 All these were cities fortified with high walls, gates, and bars, in addition to a great many villages without walls. 6 We utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones. 7 But all the livestock, and the plunder of the cities, we took for plunder for ourselves. 8 We took the land at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon. 9 The Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir. 10 We took all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, to Salecah and Edrei, cities of the reign of Og in Bashan. 11 For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron. Isn’t it in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? Nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its width, after the cubit of a man. 12 This land we took in possession at that time: from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill country of Gilead with its cities, I gave to the ones of Reuben and to the ones of Gad; 13 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the reign of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh—all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. The same is called the land of Rephaim. 14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth Jair, to this day.

Joshua 12:1-4 Now these are the kings of the land, whom the sons of Israel struck, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: 2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the middle of the valley, and half Gilead, even to the river Jabbok, the border of the children of Ammon; 3 and the Arabah to the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and to the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth Jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah: 4 and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei

Joshua 13:1-12 Now Joshua was old and well advanced in years. YHWH said to him, “You are old and advanced in years, and there remains yet very much land to be possessed. 2 “This is the land that still remains…12 all the reign of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who was left of the remnant of the Rephaim; for Moses attacked these, and drove them out.

2 Samuel 21:15-22 The Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. David grew faint; 16 and Ishbibenob, who was born of the Rapha, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, he being armed with a new sword, thought he would kill David. 17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “Don’t go out with us to battle any more, so that you don’t quench the lamp of Israel.” 18 After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was born of the Rapha. 19 There was again war with the Philistines at Gob; and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. 20 There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand, and six toes on every foot, twenty four in count; and he also was born to the Rapha. 21 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him. 22 These four were born to the Rapha in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

1 Chronicles 20:1-8 At the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, Joab led out the army, and wasted the country of the children of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. Joab struck Rabbah, and overthrew it. 2 David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it. It was set on David’s head, and he brought very much plunder out of the city. 3 He brought out the people who were in it, and had them cut with saws, with iron picks, and with axes. David did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. 4 After this, war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, born of the Rephaim; and they were subdued. 5 Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. 6 There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand, and six on each foot; and he also was born to the Rapha. 7 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother killed him. 8 These were born to the Rapha in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

Who or What is Lucifer?

Isaiah 14:4-17 …you will take up this parable against the king of Babylon, and say, “How the oppressor has ceased! The golden city has ceased!” 5 YHWH has broken the staff of the wicked, the scepter of the rulers, 6 who struck the peoples in wrath with a continual plague, who ruled the nations in anger, with a persecution that no one restrained. 7 The whole land is at rest, and is quiet. They break out in song. 8 Yes, the cypress trees rejoice with you, with the cedars of Lebanon, saying, “Since you are humbled, no lumberjack has come up against us.” 9 Sheol from beneath has moved for you to meet you at your coming. It stirs up the departed spirits for you, even all the rulers of the land. It has raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations. 10 They all will answer and ask you, “Have you also become as weak as we are? Have you become like us?” 11 Your pomp is brought down to Sheol, with the sound of your stringed instruments. Maggots are spread out under you, and worms cover you. 12 How you have fallen from the heavens, shining one *, son of the dawn. How you are cut down to the ground, who laid the nations low. 13 You said in your heart, “I will ascend into the heavens. I will exalt my throne above the stars of El. I will sit on the mountain of assembly, in the far north. 14 I will ascend above the heights of the clouds. I will be likened to Elyon.” 15 Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol, to the depths of the pit. 16 Those who see you will stare at you. They will ponder you, saying, “Is this the man who made the land to tremble, who shook reigns, 17 who made the world like a wilderness, and overthrew its cities, who didn’t release his prisoners to their home?”

*הֵילֵל‎ helel (H1966) means shining one or morning star. הֵילֵל‎ helel is related to the word הַלְל halal (H1984) which means to shine by praising or giving thanks to another or ones self (cf. Genesis 12:15; Psalms 10:3; Psalms 148:1).

In Isaiah 14:12, the King James Version and other Bibles translators took the word “lucifer” from the Latin Vulgate, which translated הֵילֵל by the Latin word lucifer (uncapitalized), meaning “the morning star, the planet Venus”, or, as an adjective, “light-bringing.” As a name for the planet in its morning aspect, “Lucifer” (Light-Bringer) is a proper name and is capitalized in English. In Greco-Roman civilization, it was often personified and considered a god and in some versions considered a son of Aurora (the Dawn). A similar name used by the Roman poet Catullus for the planet in its evening aspect is “Noctifer” (Night-Bringer).

Who is Yeshua

Mark 8:27 And Yeshua and His taught ones went out to the villages of Caesarea Philippi. And on the way He asked His taught ones, saying to them, “Who do men say I am?”

Common Scriptures: Deuteronomy 18:18-19; John 8:58; 10:33; Matthew 12:6-8; 9:35; 15:31; Isaiah 11; 53; Micah 5:2-4; Luke 24:46; Isaiah 8:14; John 2:22; Acts 3:15-17; 1 Timothy 3:16; Hebrews 13:20; 1 John 4:2; 2 John 1:7; Revelation 5:5; John 1:1

In the Beginning

In the Beginning – Bara (Create) – Genesis 1:1-2 – In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the land. 2 And the land came to be formless and empty, and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of Elohim was moving on the face of the waters.

In the Beginning was the Word – John 1:1-3 – In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with Elohim, and the Word was Elohim. (cf. Revelation 19:11-16) 2 He was in the beginning with Elohim. 3 All came to be through Him, and without Him not even one came to be that came to be.

Hebrews 11:3 – By belief, we understand that the ages were prepared by the word of Elohim, so that what is seen was not made of what is visible.

In the Beginning was the Word – Proverbs 8:23-30 – I (chakam – wisdom) was set up ages ago, at the first, Before the land ever was. 24 “When there were no depths I was brought forth, When there were no springs heavy with water. 25 Before mountains were sunk, Before the hills, I was brought forth, 26 Before He had made the land and the fields, Or the first dust of the world. 27 “When He prepared the heavens, I was there, When He decreed a vault on the face of the deep, 28 When He set the clouds above, When He made the fountains of the deep strong, 29 When He gave to the sea its limit, So that the waters would not transgress His command, When He decreed the foundations of the land, 30 Then I was beside Him, a master workman, And I was His delight, day by day Rejoicing before Him all the time.

Children – Sons

Children = τέκνον teknon (G5043) means seed or children and is translated from multiple Hebrew words including sons (benei H1121), little ones (taphim H2945), and children (yeladim H3205)

Philippians 2:14-15 – Do all matters without grumblings and disputings, 15 in order that you be blameless and faultless, children of Elohim without blemish in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world

Become Children – John 1:12-13 – But as many as received Him, to them He gave the authority to become children of Elohim, to those believing in His Name, 13 who were born, not of blood nor of the desire of flesh nor of the desire of man, but of Elohim.

Scattered Children – John 11:49-52 – And one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said to them, “You know naught, 50 neither do you consider that it is better for us that one man die for the people than that the entire nation should perish.” 51 But he did not say this from himself, but being high priest that year he prophesied that Yeshua was about to die for the nation, 52 and not for the nation only, but to gather together into one the children of Elohim who were scattered abroad.

The Spirit Bears Witness – Romans 8:16-21 – The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of Elohim, 17 and if children, also heirs – truly heirs of Elohim, and co-heirs with Messiah, if indeed we suffer with Him, in order that we also be exalted together.

Romans 9:8 – That is, those who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of Elohim, but the children of the promise are reckoned as the seed.

1 John 3:1-2 – See what love the Father has given us, that we should be called children of Elohim! For this reason the world does not know us, because it did not know Him. 2 Beloved ones, now we are children of Elohim. And it has not yet been revealed what we shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is.

1 John 3:10 – In this the children of Elohim and the children of the devil are manifest: Everyone not doing righteousness is not of Elohim, neither the one not loving his brother.

1 John 5:1-2 – Everyone who believes that Yeshua is the Messiah has been born of Elohim, and everyone who loves the One bringing forth also loves the one having been born of Him. 2 By this we know that we love the children of Elohim, when we love Elohim and guard His commands.

We are Benei Elohim – Galatians 3:26 – For you are all sons of Elohim through belief in Messiah Yeshua.

υἱός yhios (G5207) means son and is generally used of the seed of men and rarely used for the young of animals

Understanding Oneness – (I and My Father are one… John 10:30)

Genesis 2:23-24 – “…And the man said, “This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. This one is called ‘woman,’ because she was taken out of man.” For this cause a man shall leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife, and they shall become one (echad) flesh.

Echad – action: to unite concrete: a unit abstract: unity: The pictograph of the Hebrew word chet is a picture of a wall. The pictograph dalet is a picture of a door. Combined these mean “wall door.” A wall separates the inside from the outside. Only through the door can one enter or exit uniting the inside with the outside.

Yeshua the Door – John 10:7 – Yeshua therefore said to them again, “Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep.”

Through the Door – John 14:6 – Yeshua said to him, “I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.”

Bekor (Firstborn) – Exodus 4:22 “And you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus said YHWH, “Israel is My son, My firstborn

Jeremiah 31:9 – “With weeping they shall come, and with their prayers I bring them. I shall make them walk by rivers of waters, in a straight way in which they do not stumble. For I shall be a Father to Israel, and Ephraim – he is My firstborn.

The Firstborn – Hebrews 1:6 – And when He again brings the firstborn into the world, He says, “Let all the angels of Elohim do reverence to Him.” (Deuteronomy 32:43)

Isaac the Only – Genesis 22:2 KJV – And he said, Take now thy son, thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get thee into the land of Moriah; and offer him there for a burnt offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of. Genesis 22:12 KJV And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest Elohim, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me. Genesis 22:16 KJV And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son

The Only Child – Judges 11:34 KJV – And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

Rescue the Only Son – Psalms 35:17 – YHWH, how long would You look on? Rescue my being from their destructions, My only [yachiyd] from the lions.

Proverbs 4:13 – Children, listen to the discipline of a father, And give attention to know understanding; 2 For I gave you good instruction: Do not forsake my Torah. 3 For I was my father’s son, Tender and the only one [yachiyd] in the eyes of my mother

Mourning an Only Son – Jeremiah 6:26 – O daughter of my people, gird on sackcloth, and roll about in ashes! Make mourning as for an only son [yachiyd], most bitter lamentation because suddenly the ravager shall come upon us. – Amos 8:10 – and shall turn your festivals into mourning, and all your songs into lamentation, and bring sackcloth on all hips, and baldness on every head, and shall make it like mourning for an only son [yachiyd], and its end like a day of bitterness – Zechariah 12:10 “And I shall pour on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Yerushalayim a spirit of favour and prayers. And they shall look on Me whom they pierced, and they shall mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son [yachiyd]. And they shall be in bitterness over Him as a bitterness over the firstborn

Hosea 11:1 “When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Mitsrayim I called My son. (Matthew 2:13-15)

Father and Son – Hebrews 1:5 – For to which of the angels did He ever say, “You are My Son, today I have brought You forth”? (cf. Psalms 2:7) And again, “I shall be to Him a Father, and He shall be to Me a Son”? (cf. 2 Samuel 7:13-17)

Yeshua the yaḥid in John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we saw his honor, such honor as of the one and only of the Father, full of favor and truth. וְהַדָּבָר נִהְיָה בָשָׂר וַיִּשְׁכֹּן בְּתוֹכֵנוּ וַנֶּחֱזֶה כְבוֹדוֹ כִּכְבוֹד בֵּן יָחִיד לְאָבִיו רַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת:

Isaac the yaḥid in Hebrews 11:17 Hebrews 11:17 In faith, Avraham, being tested, offered up Yitsḥaq; and he who had gladly received the promises was offering up his one and only son בָּאֱמוּנָה הָיָה מַעֲלֶה אַבְרָהָם אֶת־יִצְחָק כַּאֲשֶׁר נֻסָּה וְאֶת־יְחִידוֹ יַקְרִיב הַמְקַבֵּל אֶת־הַהַבְטָחוֹת:

Name Above All Names

Enoch 20:1-8 And these are the names of the holy angels who watch: Uriel, Raphael, Raguel (or Reuel), Michael, Saraqael (or Sariel), Gabriel, Remiel (or Jeremiel)

Legion = many, numerous – Mark 5:9; Mark 5:1-9

Mark 5:7-9 And having called out with a loud voice, said, “What have I to do with You, Yeshua, Son of the Most High Ěl? Swear to Elohim not to torture me.” 8 For He had said to him, “Come out of the man, unclean spirit!” 9 And He was asking him, “What is your name?” And he answered, saying, “My name is Legion, because we are many.”

Immanuel = El with Us – Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:23 – Isaiah 7:14 “Therefore YHWH Himself gives you a sign: Look, the maiden conceives and gives birth to a Son, and shall call His Name Immanuel.

Yehoshua/ Yeshua = Deliverance of Yah – Philippians 2:9, John 17:3 (One time, if not the only time, in the Gospels He refers to himself as Yeshua) Hebrews 1:4 having become so much better than the angels, as He has inherited a more excellent Name than them. Philippians 2:5-11 – For, let this mind be in you which was also in Messiah Yeshua, who, being in the form of Elohim, did not regard equality with Elohim a matter to be grasped (harpagmos – the act of seizing by force), but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, and came to be in the likeness of men. And having been found in fashion as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient unto death, death even of a stake. Elohim, therefore, has highly exalted Him and given Him the Name which is above every name, that at the Name of Yeshua every knee should bow, of those in the heavens, and of those on land, and of those under the land, and every tongue should confess that Yeshua Messiah is Master, to the glory of Elohim the Father.

Footnote on Isaiah 7:14

“Therefore YHWH Himself gives you a sign: Look, the maiden conceives and gives birth to a Son, and shall call His Name Immanu’ĕl.” (ref. Matthew 1:23)

לכן יתן אדני הוא לכם אות הנה העלמה הרה וילדת בן וקרא שׁמו עמנו אל׃ (Masoretic Text)

לכן יתן יהוה הוא לכם אות הנה העלמה הרה וילדת בן וקראת שׁמו עמנואל׃ (Dead Sea Scroll)

Understanding Isaiah 9:6 (5)

“For a child is born to us. A son is given to us; and the government will be on his shoulders. His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty Elohim, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.”

כי־ילד ילד־לנו בן נתן־לנו ותהי המשׂרה על־שׁכמו ויקרא שׁמו פלא יועץ אל גבור אביעד שׂר־שׁלום׃ (Masoretic Text)

כי־ילד ילד־לנו בן נתן־לנו ותהי המשׂרה על־שׁכמו ויקרא שׁמו פלא יועץ אלגבור אבי עד שר השלום׃ (Dead Sea Scroll)

“Elgibor the father of Ad, ruler of Hashalom” vs. “The mighty Elohim, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace”

This verse also has a few differences from the Masoretic text. On the bottom line the underlined word to the right is אלגבור (elgibor). In the Masoretic text this is written as two words – אל גבור (el gibor). The word אל (el) means “Elohim” and גבור (gibor) means “warrior”. Together these words mean “Elohim is a warrior”. Because these two words are written as one in the Dead Sea Scroll it appears that these two words are a name – “elgibor”.

The two underlined words to the left of “elgibor” is אבי עד (aviy ad). The word אבי (aviy) means “father of..” and עד (ad) means “again” or “until”. This word is often used in the phrase לעלם ועד (l’olam v’ed). While this is usually translated as “forever and ever” it literally means “to eternity and again”. The word עד (ad/ed) never means “eternity”. These two words would best be translated as “father of Ad (a name)” as “father of again” or “father of until” makes no sense. In the Masoretic text these two words are written as one indicating a name – Aviyad.

The far left underlined phrase is שר השלום (sar hashalom). In the Masoretic text this phrase is written as שר שלום (sar shalom), the letter ה (ha) meaning “the” is missing. The word שר (sar) means “ruler” and שלום (shalom) means “peace” (or more literally whole or complete). The phrase in the Masoretic text would be translated as “ruler of peace” while in the Dead Sea Scroll it would be “ruler of the peace” or “ruler of the peaceful one”. It is likely the word השלום (hashalom) is again a name – Hashalom (Another name for “Jerusalem”?).

Realizing that this verse is identifying the name of child, it is likely that the final words of this passage would be translated as “Elgibor the father of Ad, ruler of Hashalom”.

– from The Great Isaiah Scroll and the Masoretic Text by Jeff A. Benner
https://www.ancient-hebrew.org/dss/great-isaiah-scroll-and-the-masoretic-text.htm

Isaiah 9:5 as translated from The Codex Vaticanus*: “For a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, whose government is upon his shoulder: and his name is called the Messenger of great counsel: for I will bring peace upon the princes, and health to him.”

*The Codex Vaticanus is one of the oldest copies of the Bible, one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named after its place of conservation in the Vatican Library, where it has been kept since at least the 15th century. It is written on 759 leaves of vellum in uncial letters and has been dated palaeographically to the 4th century A.D.

His Servant

Isaiah 42:1-4 (Fulfilled in Matthew 12:15-21)

Isaiah 42:1 “Behold, my servant, whom I uphold, my chosen, in whom my soul delights: I have put my Spirit on him. He will bring justice to the nations. 2 He will not shout, nor raise his voice, nor cause it to be heard in the street. 3 He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a dimly burning wick. He will faithfully bring justice. 4 He will not fail nor be discouraged, until he has set justice in the land, and the islands wait for his law.”

Matthew 12:15 Yeshua, perceiving that, withdrew from there. Great multitudes followed him; and he healed them all, 16 and commanded them that they should not make him known, 17 that it might be fulfilled which was spoken through Isaiah the prophet, saying, 18 “Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit on him. He will proclaim justice to the nations. 19 He will not strive, nor shout, neither will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20 He won’t break a bruised reed. He won’t quench a smoking flax, until he leads justice to victory. 21 In his name, the nations will hope.”

Our Renewed Name

Revelation 2:17 – He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies. To him who overcomes I shall give some of the hidden manna to eat. And I shall give him a white stone, and on the stone a renewed Name written which no one knows except him who receives it.

Manna: The Bread of Angels

Psalms 78:23-25 – Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of the heavens, And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of the heavens. Man did eat angels’ food: he sent them meat to the full.

Wisdom of Solomon 16:20 – Instead of these things, you gave your people angels’ food to eat, and you provided ready-to-eat bread for them from the heavens without toil, having the virtue of every pleasant flavor, and agreeable to every taste.

John 6:50-51 – This is the bread which comes down out of the heavens, so that anyone might eat of it, and not die. “I am the living bread which came down out of the heavens. If anyone eats of this bread, he shall live forever. And indeed, the bread that I shall give is My flesh, which I shall give for the life of the world.”

Good News/ Gospel

Basar = flesh. When good news is brought a feast with meat is prepared.

Our Changed Bodies

1 Corinthians 15:49-53 “And as we have borne the likeness of the landy, we shall also bear the likeness of the heavenly. And this I say, brothers, that flesh and blood is unable to inherit the reign of Elohim, neither does corruption inherit incorruption. See, I speak a secret to you: We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, 52 in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible has to put on incorruption, and this mortal to put on immortality.

Philippians 3:20-21 “For our citizenship is in the heavens, from which we also eagerly wait for the Saviour, the Master Yeshua Messiah, who shall change our lowly body, to be conformed to His glorified body, according to the working by which He is able even to bring all under His control.

Colossians 3:4 “When the Messiah, who is our life, is manifested, then you also shall be manifested with Him in glory.

Image and Likeness

Demuth H1823 – from damah; to be like, resemble, compare from dam (blood)

Genesis 5:1-3 – This is the book of the genealogy of Adam. In the day that Elohim created man, He made him in the likeness [demuth] of Elohim… And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and brought forth a son in his own likeness [demuth], after his image [tselem], and called his name Seth.

2 Kings 16:10 – And Sovereign Ahaz went to meet Tiglath-Pileser sovereign of Ashshur at Damascus, and saw an altar that was at Damascus. And Sovereign Ahaz sent to Uriyah the priest a sketch [demuth] of the altar and its pattern, according to all its workmanship.

2 Corinthians 3:18 – And we all, as with unveiled face we see as in a mirror the glory of YHWH, are being transformed into the same likeness [demuth] from glory to glory, as from YHWH, the Spirit.

Image and Likeness

Tselem H6754 = shadow, image

Genesis 1:26-27 – And Elohim said, “Let Us make man in Our image [tselem], according to Our likeness [demuth]”… And Elohim created the man in His image [tselem], in the image [tselem] of Elohim He created him – male and female He created them.

Romans 8:29 – Because those whom He knew beforehand, He also ordained beforehand to be conformed to the likeness [tselem] of His Son, for Him [Yeshua] to be the firstborn among many brothers.

Genesis 9:6 “Whoever sheds man’s blood, by man his blood is shed, for in the image [tselem] of Elohim has He made man.

Numbers 33:52 then you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, and shall destroy all their engraved stones, and shall destroy all their moulded images [tselem] and lay waste all their high places

1 Corinthians 11:7 – For a man indeed should not cover his head, since he is the likeness [tselem] and glory of Elohim, but woman is the glory of man.

Colossians 1:15 – who is the likeness [tselem] of the invisible Elohim, the firstborn of all creation.

Colossians 3:9-10 – Do not lie to each other, since you have put off the bearded man with his practices, and have put on the new one who is renewed in knowledge according to the likeness [tselem] of Him who created him

Ya’aqov (James) 3:8-9 – But no man is able to tame the tongue. It is unruly, evil, filled with deadly poison. With it we bless our Elohim and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the likeness [tselem] of Elohim.

2 Corinthians 4:3-4 – And indeed, if our Good News has been veiled, it has been veiled in those who are perishing, in whom the mighty one of this age has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, so that the enlightening of the Good News of the glory of Messiah, who is the likeness [tselem] of Elohim, does not shine on them.

The Prayers of the Saints

Revelation 8:2-4 – And I saw the seven angels who stand before Elohim, and to them were given seven trumpets. And another angel came and stood at the altar, holding a golden censer, and much incense was given to him, that he should offer it with the prayers of all the set-apart ones upon the golden altar which was before the throne. And the smoke of the incense, with the prayers of the set-apart ones, went up before Elohim from the hand of the angel.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Because of this the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.

The Son of Man

A Son of Man (ben adam) – Numbers 23:19 – El is not a man, that he will lie, nor a son of man, that he will be comforted. Has he said, and he won’t do it? Or has he spoken, and he won’t [make her rise]?^(MTT)

The Son of Man (ben ha-adam) – Matthew 16:13 – Now when Yeshua came into the parts of Caesarea Philippi, He asked His taught ones, saying, “Who do men say the Son of Adam is?”

Bar Enosh = Ben HaAdam – Daniel 7:13-14 – I was looking in the night visions and saw One like the Son of Enosh, coming with the clouds of the heavens! And He came to the Ancient of Days, and they brought Him near before Him. And to Him was given rulership and preciousness and a reign, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him. His rule is an everlasting rule which shall not pass away, and His reign that which shall not be destroyed.

Matthew 26:62-64 – And the high priest stood up and said to Him, “Have You no answer to make? What do these witness against You?” But Yeshua remained silent. So the high priest said to Him, “I put You to oath, by the living Elohim that You say to us if You are the Messiah, the Son of Elohim.” 64 Yeshua said to him, “You have said it. Besides I say to you, from now you shall see the Son of Adam sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming on the clouds of the heavens.”

Enoch 62:5-8 And one half of them will look at the other, and they will be terrified, and will cast down their faces, and pain will take hold of them when they see that Son of Man sitting on the throne of His Glory. 6 And the mighty kings, and all those who possess the land, will praise and bless and exalt Him who rules everything that is hidden. 7 For from the beginning that Son of Man was hidden, and the Most High kept him in the presence of His power, and revealed him only to the chosen. 8 And the community of the Holy and the chosen will be sown and all the chosen will stand before him on that day. 9 And all the mighty kings, and the exalted, and those who rule the dry ground, will fall down before him, on their faces, and worship; and they will set their hopes on that Son of Man, and will entreat him, and will petition for mercy from him.

The Son of Adam = The Messiah

John 12:34 – The crowd answered Him, “We have heard out of the Torah that the Messiah remains forever. And how do You say, ‘The Son of Adam has to be lifted up’? Who is this Son of Adam?”

Melchizedek Leads Angels in Heavenly War

The Coming of Melchizedek 11Q13 Column 2

11Q13, also 11QMelch or the Melchizedek document, is a fragmentary manuscript among the Dead Sea Scrolls (from Cave 11) which mentions Melchizedek as leader of Elohim’s angels in a war in Heaven against the angels of darkness instead of the more familiar Archangel Michael. The text is an apocalyptic commentary on the Jubilee year of Leviticus 25. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain texts in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek, the language of 11Q13 is Hebrew, date of composition is circa 100 B.C.

And concerning that which He said, In [this] year of Jubilee [each of you shall return to his property (Lev. 25:13); and likewise, And this is the manner of release:] every creditor shall release that which he has lent [to his neighbour. He shall not exact it of his neighbour and his brother], for Elohim’s release [has been proclaimed] (Deut. 25:2). [And it will be proclaimed at] the end of days concerning the captives as [He said, To proclaim liberty to the captives (Isa. 61:1). Its interpretation is that He] will assign them to the Sons of Heaven and to the inheritance of Melchizedek; f[or He will cast] their [lot] amid the po[rtions of Melchize]dek, who will return them there and will proclaim to them liberty, forgiving them [the wrong-doings] of all their iniquities. And this thing will [occur] in the first week of the Jubilee that follows the nine Jubilees. And the Day of Atonement is the e[nd of the] tenth [Ju]bilee, when all the Sons of [Light] and the men of the lot of Mel[chi]zedek will be atoned for. [And] a statute concerns them [to prov]ide them with their rewards. For this is the moment of the Year of Grace for Melchizedek. [And h]e will, by his strength, judge the holy ones of Elohim, executing judgement as it is written concerning him in the Songs of David, who said, ELOHIM has taken his place in the divine council; in the midst of the elohim he holds judgement (Psalms 82:1). And it was concerning him that he said, (Let the assembly of the peoples) return to the height above them; EL (god) will judge the peoples (Psalms 7:7-8). As for that which he s[aid, How long will you] judge unjustly and show partiality to the wicked? Selah (Psalms 82:2), its interpretation concerns Belial and the spirits of his lot [who] rebelled by turning away from the precepts of Elohim to … And Melchizedek will avenge the vengeance of the judgements of Elohim… and he will drag [them from the hand of] Belial and from the hand of all the sp[irits of] his [lot].And all the ‘elohim [of Justice’] will come to his aid [to] attend to the de[struction] of Belial. And the height is … all the sons of Elohim… this … This is the day of [Peace/Salvation] concerning which [Elohim] spoke [through Isa]iah the prophet, who said, [How] beautiful upon the mountains are the feet of the messenger who proclaims peace, who brings good news, who proclaims salvation, who says to Zion: Your ELOHIM [reigns] (Isa. 52:7). Its interpretation; the mountains are the prophets… and the messenger is the Anointed one of the spirit, concerning whom Dan[iel] said, [Until an anointed one, a prince (Daniel 9:25)] … [And he who brings] good [news], who proclaims [salvation]: it is concerning him that it is written… [To comfort all who mourn, to grant to those who mourn in Zion] (Isa. 61:2-3). To comfort [those who mourn: its interpretation], to make them understand all the ages of t[ime] … In truth … will turn away from Belial… by the judgement[s] of Elohim, as it is written concerning him, [who says toZion] ; your ELOHIM reigns. Zion is …, those who uphold the Covenant, who turn from walking [in] the way of the people. And your ELOHIM is [Melchizedek, who will save them from] the hand of Belial. As for that which He said, Then you shall send abroad the trump[et in] all the land (Lev. 25:9) …

The complete Dead Sea scrolls in English Géza Vermès 2003

The Reign and Reign of Elohim

Matthew 3:2 – “…Repent, for the reign of the heavens has come near!”

Taking the Reigns

Revelation 11:15 And the seventh angel sounded, and there came to be loud voices in the heavens, saying, “The reign of this world has become the reign of our Master, and of His Messiah, and He shall reign forever and ever!”

Revelation 12:10 – And I heard a loud voice saying in the heavens, “Now have come the deliverance and the power and the reign of our Elohim, and the authority of His Messiah, for the accuser of our brothers, who accused them before our Elohim day and night, has been thrown down.

The Transformation

Matthew 17:1-2 – And after six days Yeshua took Kĕpha, and Ya’aqob, and Yoḥanan his brother, and brought them up on a high mountain by themselves, and He was transformed before them, and His face shone like the sun, and His garments became as white as the light.

Children of Elohim Transformed

1 John 3:2 – Beloved ones, now we are children of Elohim. And it has not yet been revealed what we shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is.

Azazel and the Scapegoat

Enoch 9:6 – 10:8 Thou seest what Azazel hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on land and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in the heavens, which men were striving to learn… 10:1 Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, and said to him: 2. ‘〈Go to Noaḥ〉 and tell him in my name “Hide thyself!” and reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole land will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come upon the whole land, and will destroy all that is on it. 3. And now instruct him that he may escape and his seed may be preserved for all the generations of the world.’ 4. And again the Lord said to Raphael: ‘Bind Azazel hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dudael, and cast him therein. 5. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. 6. And on the day of the great judgement he shall be cast into the fire. And heal the land which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the land, that they may heal the plague, and that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. 8. And the whole land has been corrupted through the works that were taught by Azazel: to him ascribe all sin.’ 9. And to Gabriel said the Lord: ‘Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle: for length of days shall they not have. 10. And no request that they (i.e. their fathers) make of thee shall be granted unto their fathers on their behalf; for they hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live five hundred years.’ 11. And the Lord said unto Michael: ‘Go, bind Semjaza and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. 12. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for seventy generations in the valleys of the land, till the day of their judgement and of their consummation, till the judgement that is for ever and ever is consummated. 13. In those days they shall be led off to the abyss of fire: 〈and〉 to the torment and the prison in which they shall be confined for ever. And whosoever shall be condemned and destroyed will from thenceforth be bound together with them to the end of all generations. 15. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the children of the Watchers, because they have wronged mankind. Destroy all wrong from the face of the land and let every evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: ⌈and it shall prove a blessing; the works of righteousness and truth⌉ shall be planted in truth and joy for evermore. 17 And then shall all the righteous escape, And shall live till they beget thousands of children, And all the days of their youth and their old age Shall they complete in peace. 18 And then shall the whole land be tilled in righteousness, and shall all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 19. And all desirable trees shall be planted on it, and they shall plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon shall yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown thereon each measure (of it) shall bear a thousand, and each measure of olives shall yield ten presses of oil. 20. And cleanse thou the land from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: and all the uncleanness that is wrought upon the land destroy from off the land. 21. ⌈And all the children of men shall become righteous⌉, and all nations shall offer adoration and shall praise Me, and all shall worship Me. And the land shall be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever.

Leviticus 16:8, 10, 26 – And Aharon shall cast lots for the two goats, one lot for YHWH and the other lot for Azazel… But the goat on which the lot for Azazel fell is caused to stand alive before YHWH, to make atonement upon it, to send it into the wilderness to Azazel… And he who sent away the goat to Azazel washes his garments, and shall bathe his body in water, and afterward he comes into the camp.

“You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God”

Matthew 16:13-20 Now when Yeshua came into the parts of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, “Who do men say that I, the Son of Man, am?” 14 They said, “Some say Yochanan the Immerser, some, Elijah, and others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.” 15 He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” 17 Yeshua answered him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. 18 I also tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my assembly, and the gates of Sheol will not prevail against it. 19 I will give to you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven; and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven.” 20 Then he commanded the disciples that they should tell no one that he was Yeshua the Messiah.

The Trinity

“The Christian doctrine of the Trinity is the central dogma concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three coequal, coeternal, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons sharing one being, one essence; “each is God, complete and whole.””
“No trinitarian doctrine is explicitly taught in the Old Testament. Sophisticated trinitarians grant this, holding that the doctrine was revealed by God only later, in New Testament times (c.50–c.100) and/or in the Patristic era (c. 100–800). They usually also add, though, that with hindsight, we can see that a number of texts either portray or foreshadow the co-working of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.”
“The New Testament contains no explicit trinitarian doctrine. However, many Christian theologians, apologists, and philosophers hold that the doctrine can be inferred from what the New Testament does teach about God.”
“Although early Christian theologians speculated in many ways on the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, no one clearly and fully asserted the doctrine of the Trinity until around the end of the Arian Controversy” (4th Century A.D.)

1 John 5:7-8 KJV – For there are three that bear record ~~in the heavens, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit: and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness in earth~~, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and these three agree in one.

“in the heavens, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit: and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness in earth” are not found in any Greek manuscript before the 14th century

Manifested in the Flesh

1 Timothy 3:16 KJV And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God* was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.

1 Timothy 3:16 ESV Great indeed, we confess, is the mystery of godliness: He was manifested in the flesh, vindicated by the Spirit, seen by angels, proclaimed among the nations, believed on in the world, taken up in glory.

*godliness = εὐσέβεια eusebeia (G2150) which means piety, devoutness, or piousness (cf. 1 Timothy 4:7; 2 Timothy 3:5; 2 Peter 1:7; 2 Peter 3:11).

*”God” is not found in the earliest manuscripts. Greek translates to “Who”

In the name of Yeshua

Matthew 28:18-19 Yeshua came to them and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth. 19 Go and make disciples of all nations, immersing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit…”

Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare (1856 -1924) a British orientalist, Fellow of University College in Oxford, and Professor of Theology at the University of Oxford, gave testimony to this fact and wrote: “Of the patristic witnesses to the text of the New Testament as it stood in the Greek MSS (manuscripts), from about 300-340, none is so important as Eusebius of Caesarea, for he lived in the greatest Christian library of that age, namely that which Origen and Pamphilus had collected. It is no exaggeration to say that from this single collection of manuscripts at Caesarea derives the larger part of the surviving ante-Nicene (prior to the Council of Nicaea) literature”

It is therefore import to ask how Eusebius read this text. He cites it again and again in his works written between 300 and 336, namely in his long commentaries on the Psalms, on Isaiah, his Demonstratio Evangelica, his Theophany only preserved in an old Syriac version in a Nitrian codex in the British Museum written in A.D. 411, in his famous History of the Church, and in his panegyric of the emperor Constantine. I have, after a moderate search in these works of Eusebius, found eighteen citations of Matthew 28:19, and always in the following form:

“Go and make disciples of all the nations in my name, teaching them to observe all things, whatsoever I commanded you.” (Zeitschrift fur die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft, edited by Erwin Preuschen in Darmstadt in 1901)

Acts 2:38 Peter said to them, “Repent and be immersed, every one of you, in the name of Yeshua the Messiah for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
Acts 8:12 But when they believed Philip proclaiming good news concerning God’s Kingdom and the name of Yeshua the Messiah, they were immersed, both men and women.
Acts 8:16 for as yet he had fallen on none of them. They had only been immersed in the name of Messiah Yeshua.
Acts 10:46 …Then Peter answered, 47 “Can anyone forbid these people from being immersed with water? They have received the Holy Spirit just like us.” 48 He commanded them to be immersed in the name of Yeshua the Messiah. Then they asked him to stay some days.
Acts 19:4 Paul said, “Yochanan indeed immersed with the immersion of repentance, saying to the people that they should believe in the one who would come after him, that is, in Messiah Yeshua.” 5 When they heard this, they were immersed in the name of the Lord Yeshua.
Acts 22:14 He said, ‘The God of our fathers has appointed you to know his will, and to see the Righteous One, and to hear a voice from his mouth. 15 For you will be a witness for him to all men of what you have seen and heard. 16 Now why do you wait? Arise, be immersed, and wash away your sins, calling on his name.’
Romans 6:3 Or don’t you know that all of us who were immersed into Messiah Yeshua were immersed into his death?
Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as were immersed into Messiah have put on Messiah.

Equality with God

Philippians 2:5-11 – Have this in your mind, which was also in Messiah Yeshua, 6 who, existing in the form of Elohim, didn’t consider equality with Elohim a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, yes, the death of the cross. 9 Therefore Elohim also highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name, 10 that at the name of Yeshua every knee should bow, of those in heaven, those on earth, and those under the earth, 11 and that every tongue should confess that Yeshua the Messiah is Lord, to the glory of Elohim the Father.

100 Bible Verses About the Trinity

Matthew 28:19 ESV / 514 helpful votes
Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,

John 10:30 ESV / 368 helpful votes
I and the Father are one.”

2 Corinthians 13:14 ESV / 341 helpful votes
The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.

Matthew 3:16-17 ESV / 223 helpful votes
And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him; and behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”

1 Corinthians 8:6 ESV / 221 helpful votes
Yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.

1 Peter 1:2 ESV / 208 helpful votes
According to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood: May grace and peace be multiplied to you.

John 14:26 ESV / 192 helpful votes
But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you.

Genesis 1:26 ESV / 181 helpful votes
Then God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.”

Isaiah 48:16 ESV / 158 helpful votes
Draw near to me, hear this: from the beginning I have not spoken in secret, from the time it came to be I have been there.” And now the Lord God has sent me, and his Spirit.

John 1:14 ESV / 152 helpful votes
And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.

John 14:16-17 ESV / 146 helpful votes
And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. You know him, for he dwells with you and will be in you.

Colossians 2:9 ESV / 140 helpful votes
For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily,

John 15:26 ESV / 132 helpful votes
“But when the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will bear witness about me.

John 1:1 ESV / 125 helpful votes
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

Ephesians 4:4-6 ESV / 119 helpful votes
There is one body and one Spirit—just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call— one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.

Isaiah 9:6 ESV / 119 helpful votes
For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

John 1:1-51 ESV / 112 helpful votes
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made. In him was life, and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. …

1 John 5:7-8 ESV / 107 helpful votes
For there are three that testify: the Spirit and the water and the blood; and these three agree.

Philippians 2:5-8 ESV / 93 helpful votes
Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.

Deuteronomy 6:4 ESV / 86 helpful votes
“Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.

Luke 1:35 ESV / 83 helpful votes
And the angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God.

Colossians 1:15-17 ESV / 78 helpful votes
He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together.

John 10:30-36 ESV / 72 helpful votes
I and the Father are one.” The Jews picked up stones again to stone him. Jesus answered them, “I have shown you many good works from the Father; for which of them are you going to stone me?” The Jews answered him, “It is not for a good work that we are going to stone you but for blasphemy, because you, being a man, make yourself God.” Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your Law, ‘I said, you are elohim’? …

1 John 5:7 ESV / 71 helpful votes
For there are three that testify:

Acts 5:3-4 ESV / 68 helpful votes
But Peter said, “Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back for yourself part of the proceeds of the land? While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? And after it was sold, was it not at your disposal? Why is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to men but to God.”

Isaiah 44:6 ESV / 67 helpful votes
Thus says the Lord, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god.

Genesis 3:22 ESV / 66 helpful votes
Then the Lord God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us in knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat, and live forever—”

John 14:16 ESV / 65 helpful votes
And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever,

2 Corinthians 3:17 ESV / 63 helpful votes
Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom.

1 Corinthians 12:4-6 ESV / 63 helpful votes
Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; and there are varieties of service, but the same Lord; and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who empowers them all in everyone.

Isaiah 6:8 ESV / 61 helpful votes
And I heard the voice of the Lord saying, “Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?” Then I said, “Here am I! Send me.”

Genesis 1:1 ESV / 57 helpful votes
In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

John 20:28 ESV / 56 helpful votes
Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”

Luke 3:21-22 ESV / 54 helpful votes
Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heavens were opened, and the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

Genesis 11:7 ESV / 53 helpful votes
Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one another’s speech.”

2 Corinthians 1:21-22 ESV / 51 helpful votes
And it is God who establishes us with you in Christ, and has anointed us, and who has also put his seal on us and given us his Spirit in our hearts as a guarantee.

Hebrews 9:14 ESV / 50 helpful votes
How much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without blemish to God, purify our conscience from dead works to serve the living God.

Matthew 1:23 ESV / 50 helpful votes
“Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and they shall call his name Immanuel” (which means, God with us).

1 Corinthians 2:10-11 ESV / 49 helpful votes
These things God has revealed to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God. For who knows a person’s thoughts except the spirit of that person, which is in him? So also no one comprehends the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God.

Genesis 1:2 ESV / 49 helpful votes
The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

1 Timothy 2:5 ESV / 48 helpful votes
For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus,

Galatians 4:6 ESV / 48 helpful votes
And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!”

John 14:10 ESV / 46 helpful votes
Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own authority, but the Father who dwells in me does his works.

Ephesians 4:6 ESV / 45 helpful votes
One God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.

Hebrews 1:3 ESV / 43 helpful votes
He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,

John 14:9-11 ESV / 43 helpful votes
Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you so long, and you still do not know me, Philip? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on my own authority, but the Father who dwells in me does his works. Believe me that I am in the Father and the Father is in me, or else believe on account of the works themselves.

John 8:58 ESV / 43 helpful votes
Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”

John 1:3 ESV / 43 helpful votes
All things were made through him, and without him was not any thing made that was made.

Genesis 1:1-2 ESV / 43 helpful votes
In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was without form and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

Revelation 1:8 ESV / 42 helpful votes
“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.”

Romans 8:11 ESV / 42 helpful votes
If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.

John 20:17 ESV / 42 helpful votes
Jesus said to her, “Do not cling to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go to my brothers and say to them, ‘I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.’”

John 14:28 ESV / 42 helpful votes
You heard me say to you, ‘I am going away, and I will come to you.’ If you loved me, you would have rejoiced, because I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.

James 2:19 ESV / 41 helpful votes
You believe that God is one; you do well. Even the demons believe—and shudder!

John 3:16 ESV / 41 helpful votes
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.

1 Peter 1:1-2 ESV / 40 helpful votes
Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who are elect exiles of the dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in the sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience to Jesus Christ and for sprinkling with his blood: May grace and peace be multiplied to you.

Titus 2:13 ESV / 40 helpful votes
Waiting for our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ,

Jude 1:20-21 ESV / 37 helpful votes
But you, beloved, building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit, keep yourselves in the love of God, waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that leads to eternal life.

Romans 15:30 ESV / 37 helpful votes
I appeal to you, brothers, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to strive together with me in your prayers to God on my behalf,

Matthew 3:17 ESV / 37 helpful votes
And behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”

Isaiah 43:10 ESV / 36 helpful votes
“You are my witnesses,” declares the Lord, “and my servant whom I have chosen, that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he. Before me no god was formed, nor shall there be any after me.

Revelation 22:13 ESV / 35 helpful votes
I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

Luke 3:22 ESV / 35 helpful votes
And the Holy Spirit descended on him in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.”

Hebrews 1:8 ESV / 34 helpful votes
But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever, the scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your reign.

John 16:7 ESV / 34 helpful votes
Nevertheless, I tell you the truth: it is to your advantage that I go away, for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you. But if I go, I will send him to you.

Revelation 1:1 ESV / 33 helpful votes
The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,

Colossians 1:16 ESV / 33 helpful votes
For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him.

Acts 10:38 ESV / 33 helpful votes
How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power. He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him.

John 17:3 ESV / 33 helpful votes
And this is eternal life, that they know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.

Isaiah 46:9 ESV / 33 helpful votes
Remember the former things of old; for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like me,

1 Corinthians 8:4 ESV / 32 helpful votes
Therefore, as to the eating of food offered to idols, we know that “an idol has no real existence,” and that “there is no God but one.”

1 Corinthians 3:16 ESV / 32 helpful votes
Do you not know that you are God’s temple and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?

John 1:18 ESV / 32 helpful votes
No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known.

Luke 22:42 ESV / 32 helpful votes
Saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done.”

Psalm 110:1 ESV / 32 helpful votes
A Psalm of David. The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”

Acts 13:2 ESV / 31 helpful votes
While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”

John 3:16-17 ESV / 31 helpful votes
“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him.

Matthew 3:16 ESV / 31 helpful votes
And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him;

Isaiah 61:1 ESV / 31 helpful votes
The Spirit of the Lord God is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me to bring good news to the poor; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound;

Romans 8:9 ESV / 30 helpful votes
You, however, are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if in fact the Spirit of God dwells in you. Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him.

Isaiah 48:16-17 ESV / 30 helpful votes
Draw near to me, hear this: from the beginning I have not spoken in secret, from the time it came to be I have been there.” And now the Lord God has sent me, and his Spirit. Thus says the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: “I am the Lord your God, who teaches you to profit, who leads you in the way you should go.

Colossians 1:15 ESV / 29 helpful votes
He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.

1 Corinthians 6:11 ESV / 29 helpful votes
And such were some of you. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.

Matthew 28:20 ESV / 29 helpful votes
Teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

Philippians 1:2 ESV / 28 helpful votes
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

Ephesians 1:17 ESV / 28 helpful votes
That the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of him,

1 John 1:3 ESV / 26 helpful votes
That which we have seen and heard we proclaim also to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; and indeed our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ.

1 John 5:20 ESV / 25 helpful votes
And we know that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding, so that we may know him who is true; and we are in him who is true, in his Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life.

Titus 1:4 ESV / 25 helpful votes
To Titus, my true child in a common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.

Romans 14:17-18 ESV / 25 helpful votes
For the reign of God is not a matter of eating and drinking but of righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. Whoever thus serves Christ is acceptable to God and approved by men.

Acts 2:33 ESV / 25 helpful votes
Being therefore exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this that you yourselves are seeing and hearing.

Matthew 28:18-20 ESV / 25 helpful votes
And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”

Matthew 3:13-17 ESV / 25 helpful votes
Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to John, to be baptized by him. John would have prevented him, saying, “I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to me?” But Jesus answered him, “Let it be so now, for thus it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness.” Then he consented. And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from the water, and behold, the heavens were opened to him, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and coming to rest on him; and behold, a voice from heaven said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased.”

Titus 3:6 ESV / 24 helpful votes
Whom he poured out on us richly through Jesus Christ our Savior,

John 4:24 ESV / 24 helpful votes
God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.”

Psalm 2:7 ESV / 23 helpful votes
I will tell of the decree: The Lord said to me, “You are my Son; today I have begotten you.

1 John 3:20 ESV / 22 helpful votes
For whenever our heart condemns us, God is greater than our heart, and he knows everything.

1 Corinthians 12:11 ESV / 22 helpful votes
All these are empowered by one and the same Spirit, who apportions to each one individually as he wills.

Mark 12:29 ESV / 22 helpful votes
Jesus answered, “The most important is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one.

Isaiah 44:8 ESV / 22 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful
Fear not, nor be afraid; have I not told you from of old and declared it? And you are my witnesses! Is there a God besides me? There is no Rock; I know not any.”

Him Only Shall You Serve

Deuteronomy 6:13-15 – You shall fear YHWH your Elohim; and you shall serve him [only],^(LXX) [and you shall cling to him,]^(LXX) and shall swear by his name. 14 You shall not go after other elohim, of the elohim of the peoples who are around you, 15 for YHWH your Elohim among you is a zealous Elohim, lest the anger of YHWH your Elohim be kindled against you, and he destroy you from off the face of the land.

Matthew 4:10 – Then Yeshua said to him, “Get behind me, Satan! For it is written, ‘You shall worship YHWH your God, and you shall serve him only.’ ” (cf. Deuteronomy 6:13)

Exodus 34:14 – “…for you shall worship no other elohim…”

Matthew 28:8-10 – They departed quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to bring his disciples word. 9 As they went to tell his disciples, behold, Yeshua met them, saying, “Rejoice!” They came and took hold of his feet, and did bow down to him. 10 Then Yeshua said to them, “Don’t be afraid. Go tell my brothers that they should go into Galilee, and there they will see me.”

Serve vs. Worship

Serve /sərv/ verb – to perform duties or services for (another person or an organization).

עָבַד avad (H5647) means to provide a service to another, as a slave, servant or steward; to work at a profession; to serve the land. Equivalent to the Greek word λατρεύω latreuō (G3000) is from λάτρις látris (a hired menial) and means to serve for hire; to serve, minister to, either to the elohim or men and used alike of slaves and freemen. In modern Greek, λατρεύω latrévo means, “I adore”, and is most often translated as worship, adore, or bless.

Worship /ˈwərSHəp/ verb – to honor or show reverence for as a divine being or supernatural power; to regard with great or extravagant respect, honor, or devotion.

שָׁחָה shachah (H7812) means to sink or bow low to pay homage to another or to get on the knees with the face to the ground (cf. Genesis 18:2; Genesis 19:1; Genesis 33:3; Ruth 2:10; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 25:23; 1 Samuel 28:14; 2 Samuel 14:4, 22, 33; 2 Samuel 24:20; 1 Kings 1:23; 2 Kings 2:15; 2 Kings 4:37; Nehemiah 8:6; Job 1:20; Isaiah 51:23). Equivalent to the Greek word προσκυνέω proheavensneō (G4352) which means 1) to kiss the hand to (towards) one, in token of reverence; 2) among the Orientals, esp. the Persians, to fall upon the knees and touch the ground with the forehead as an expression of profound reverence; 3) in the 1st Century, by kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make bow down, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication. Used of homage shown to men and beings of superior rank such as to high priests (cf. Matthew 20:20), to other elohim, deities, or idols (cf. Acts 7:43; Revelation 9:20), to the Beast (cf. Revelation 13:4; Revelation 13:12-15), to the Devil (cf. Matthew 4:9; Revelation 9:20), to YHWH (cf. Matthew 4:10; John 4:20-24; John 12:20; Revelation 7:11), to Yeshua (cf. Matthew 2:11; Matthew 8:2; Matthew 14:33; Matthew 28:9; Hebrews 1:6), and to angels (cf. Revelation 22:8-9). In modern Greek, προσκυνέω proheavensneō means, “I worship”.

Understanding Creation

Genesis 1:1-2 – In the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the land. And the land came to be formless and empty, and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of Elohim was moving on the face of the waters.

Foundation(s) of the World

Foundation (H3245 Yasad= to fix, establish, be laid)

Earth (H776 Erets= dry land)

World (H8398 Tevel – habitable world)

Foundation of the world

Hebrews 9:24-26 – For Messiah has not entered into a Set-apart Place made by hand – figures of the true – but into the heavens itself, now to appear in the face of Elohim on our behalf, not that He should offer Himself often, as the high priest enters into the Set-apart Place year by year with blood not his own. 26 For if so, He would have had to suffer often, since the foundation of the world. But now He has appeared once for all at the end of the ages to put away sin by the offering of Himself.

Revelation 13:8 – And all those dwelling on the land, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the slain Lamb, from the foundation of the world shall worship [the beast].

Revelation 17:8 “The beast that you saw was, and is not, and is about to come up out of the pit of the deep and goes to destruction. And those dwelling on the land, whose names are not written in the Book of Life from the foundation of the world, shall marvel when they see the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.

Before the foundation…

John 17:24 “Father, I desire that those whom You have given Me, might be with Me where I am, so that they see My glory which You have given Me, because You loved Me before the foundation of the world.

Ephesians 1:3-5 – Blessed be the Elohim and Father of our Master Yeshua Messiah, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenlies in Messiah, even as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be set-apart and blameless before Him in love, having previously ordained us to adoption as sons through Yeshua Messiah to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His desire

1 Peter 1:17-20 And if you call on the Father, who without partiality judges according to each one’s work, pass the time of your sojourning in fear, knowing that you were redeemed from your futile way of life inherited from your fathers, not with what is corruptible, silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Messiah, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, foreknown, indeed, before the foundation of the world, but manifested in these last times for your sakes

Topic Study

Benei Elohim (Sons of Elohim)

Deuteronomy 29:29 The secret things belong to YHWH our Elohim; but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this Torah.

Torah

Genesis 6:1-8

Prophets

2 Samuel 21:15-22

Writings

Job 1:6-12, 2:1-7

Apostolic

Luke 20:27-36

Additional

Jubilees 5:1-10

Related Scripture Topics

Benei Elohim (Sons of Elohim)

Ben Elohim (Son of God)

The 7 Holy Angels (Archangels, Chief Princes)

1 Thessalonians 4:13-18; Revelation 8:1-6

Enoch 20:1-7; Enoch 40:1-9;

Raphael (Tobit 12:12-22)

Uriel (2 Esdras 4:1-4; 2 Esdras 5:20; 2 Esdras 10:28)

Michael (Daniel 10:1-21; Daniel 12:1-4; Jude 1:8-10)

Gabriel (Daniel 8:13-18; Daniel 9:20-27; Luke 1:5-38)

Jeremiel (2 Esdras 4:34-37)

“Fallen” Angels

Unclean Spirits, Demons, Evil Spirits

Mastema, Satan, The Devil

Nephilim, Anakim, and Rephaim

Who or What is Lucifer?

Who is Yeshua

In the Beginning

Children – Sons

Understanding Oneness – (I and My Father are one… John 10:30)

Name Above All Names

Footnote on Isaiah 7:14

Understanding Isaiah 9:6 (5)

His Servant

Our Renewed Name

Manna: The Bread of Angels

Good News/ Gospel

Our Changed Bodies

Image and Likeness

Image and Likeness

The Prayers of the Saints

The Son of Man

The Son of Adam = The Messiah

Melchizedek Leads Angels in Heavenly War

The Reign and Reign of Elohim

Taking the Reigns

The Transformation

Children of Elohim Transformed

Azazel and the Scapegoat

“You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God”

The Trinity

Manifested in the Flesh

In the name of Yeshua

Equality with God

100 Bible Verses About the Trinity

Him Only Shall You Serve

Serve vs. Worship

Understanding Creation

Foundation(s) of the World

Foundation of the world

Before the foundation…