Bereshiyt (Genesis) 1:1-31

1:1 In the beginning, Elohim created the heavens and the land. 2 The land was [unseen and unmade].(LXX) Darkness was on the surface of the deep and Elohim's Spirit was fluttering upon the face of the waters. 3 Elohim said, "[light will exist],"(MTT) and light existed. 4 Elohim saw the light, and saw that it was good. Elohim divided the light from the darkness. 5 Elohim called the light [“daytime”],(DSS) and the darkness he called “night”. There was evening and there was morning, the first day. 6 Elohim said, “A firmament [will exist](MTT) in the middle of the waters, and it [existed,](MTT) dividing the waters from the waters.” 7 Elohim made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament and it was so. 8 Elohim called the firmament “the heavens”.  [And Elohim saw that it was good.](LXX) There was evening and there was morning, a second day. 9 Elohim said, “The waters [underneath](DSS) the heavens will be gathered together to one [gathering],(DSS)(LXX) and the dry ground appear;” and it was so. [And the waters under the heavens gathered to their gatherings and the dry ground appeared.](DSS)(LXX) 10 Elohim called the dry ground “land”, and the [gatherings](LXX) of the waters he called “seas”. Elohim saw that it was good. 11 Elohim said, “The land will yield grass, plants yielding seeds [after their kind],(LXX) and fruit trees bearing fruit after their kind, with their seeds in it, on the land;” and it was so. 12 The land yielded grass, plants yielding seed after their kind, and [fruit](LXX) trees bearing fruit, with their seeds in it, after their kind, [on the land];(LXX) and Elohim saw that it was good. 13 There was evening and there was morning, a third day. 14 Elohim said, “The lights [will exist](MTT) in the firmament of the heavens [for the illumination of the day],(LXX) [to give light upon the land],(DSS) [and to rule the day and the night],(LXX) to divide the day from the night; and [they exist](MTT) for signs and appointed times, days, and years; 15 and [they exist](MTT) for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the land;” and it was so. 16 Elohim made the two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He also made the stars. 17 Elohim set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light to the land, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness. Elohim saw that it was good. 19 There was evening and there was morning, a fourth day. 20 Elohim said, “The waters will swarm with swarms of living souls, and birds will fly above the land in the open firmament of the heavens. [And it was so]”(LXX) 21 Elohim created the great sea animal and every living soul that treads, with which the waters swarm, after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind. Elohim saw that it was good. 22 Elohim blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and birds multiply on the land.” 23 There was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. 24 Elohim said, “The land will produce living souls after their kind, livestock, creeping, and animals of the land after their kind;” and it was so. 25 Elohim made the animals of the land after their kind, and the livestock after their kind, and everything that creeps on the ground after its kind. Elohim saw that it was good. 26 Elohim said, “[We will make](MTT) a man in our image, after our likeness. He will have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the livestock, [and over all the wild animals of the land],(syr) and over every creeping that creeps on the land.” 27 Elohim created the man in his own image. In the image of Elohim he created him; male and female he created them. 28 Elohim blessed them, [saying],(LXX) “Be fruitful, multiply, fill the land, and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the heavens, and over the livestock, [and over all the wild animals of the land],(syr) [and over all the souls that crawl](LXX) on the land.” 29 Elohim said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed, which is on the face of all the land, and every tree, which bears fruit yielding seed. It will be your food. 30 To every wild beast of the land, [and to every livestock of the land],(mss) and to every bird of the heavens, and to every treader upon the land, in which there is a living soul, I have given every green plant for food.” 31 Elohim saw everything that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. There was evening and there was morning, a sixth day.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 2:1-25

2:1 The heavens, the land, and all their vast array were finished. 2 On the [sixth](LXX)(SP)(Syr) day Elohim finished his [works](LXX)(Syr) which he had done; and he rested on the seventh day from all his [works](LXX)(Syr) which he had done. 3 Elohim blessed the seventh day, and made it holy, because he rested in it from all his [works](LXX)(Syr) of creation which [Elohim](LXX) had done. 4 These are the births of the heavens and of the land when they were created, in the day that [Elohim](LXX) made the land and the heavens. 5 No shrub of the field was yet in the land, and no plant of the field had yet sprung up; for [Elohim](LXX) had not caused it to rain on the land. There was not a man to till the ground, 6 but a [spring](LXX) went up from the land, and watered the whole surface of the ground. 7 [Elohim](LXX) formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. 8 [Elohim](LXX) planted a garden eastward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 Out of the ground [Elohim](LXX) made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food, including the tree of life in the middle of the garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 10 A river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it was parted, and became the source of four rivers. 11 The name of the first is Pishon: it flows through the whole land of [Havilah],(mss) where there is gold; 12 and the gold of that land is good. Bdellium and onyx stone are also there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon. It is the same river that flows through the whole land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Hiddekel. This is the one which flows in front of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates. 15 [Elohim](LXX) took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to work and guard it. 16 [Elohim](LXX) commanded the man, saying, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden; 17 but you shall not eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; for in the day that you eat of it, die, you die.” 18 [Elohim](LXX) said, “It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make him a helper [as his opposite].”(MTT) 19 Out of the ground [Elohim](LXX) formed [every livestock, and](mss) every [wild](LXX) beast of the field, and every bird of the heavens, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. Whatever the man called every living soul became its name. 20 The man gave names to all livestock, and to [all](LXX) the birds of the heavens, and to every beast of the field; but for man there was not found a helper [as his opposite].(MTT) 21 [Elohim](LXX) caused a [trance](LXX) to fall upon the man and he slept, and he took one(אַחַת achat) [unit](MTT) from his side, and closed up the flesh [under her].(MTT) 22 [Elohim](LXX) made a woman from the side which he had taken from the man, and brought her to the man. 23 The man said, “This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh. She will be called ‘woman,' because she was taken out of man.” 24 Therefore a man will leave his father and his mother, and will cling with his wife, and [the two](LXX)(mss) will be one flesh. 25 The man and his wife were both naked, and they were not ashamed.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 3:1-24

3:1 Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field which [Elohim](LXX) had made. [And the serpent](LXX) said to the woman, “Has Elohim [really](DSS) said, ‘You shall not eat of any tree of the garden'?” 2 The woman said to the serpent, “We may eat fruit from the trees of the garden, 3 but not the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden. Elohim has said, ‘You shall not eat of it. You shall not touch it, lest you die.' ” 4 The serpent said to the woman, “[Not to death will you die],(LXX) 5 for Elohim knows that in the day you eat it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like Elohim, knowing good and evil.” 6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was coveted to give intelligence, she took some of its fruit, and ate. Then she gave some to her husband with her, and [they](LXX)(SP) ate it, too. 7 Their eyes were opened, and they both knew that they were naked. They sewed fig leaves together, and made coverings for themselves. 8 They heard the voice of [Elohim](LXX) walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the face of [Elohim](LXX) among the trees of the garden. 9 [Elohim](LXX) called to the man, and said to him, “Where are you?” 10 The man said, “I heard your voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; so I hid myself.” 11 Elohim said, “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?” 12 The man said, “The woman whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit from the tree, and I ate it.” 13 [Elohim](LXX) said to the woman, “What have you done?” The woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.” 14 [Elohim](LXX) said to the serpent, “Because you have done this, you are cursed above all livestock, and above every beast of the field. You shall go on your belly and you shall eat dust all the days of your life. 15 I will put hostility between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel.” 16 To the woman he said, “I will make a great increase of your hardship and your pregnancy, in distressing pain you will bring forth sons. Your desire (or, submission)(LXX)(cf. 1 Corinthians 14:34) will be to your man, and he will rule over you.” 17 To Adam he said, “Because you have listened to your wife's voice, and have eaten from the tree, about which I commanded you, saying, ‘You shall not eat of it,' the ground is cursed for your sake. You will eat from it with much labor all the days of your life. 18 It will yield thorns and thistles to you; and you will eat the plants of the field. 19 You will eat bread by the sweat of your face until you return to the ground, for you were taken out of it. For you are dust, and you shall return to dust.” 20 The man called his wife Chavah because she would be the mother of all the living. 21 [Elohim](LXX) made coats of skin for Adam and for his wife, and clothed them. 22 [Elohim](LXX) said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us, knowing good and evil. Now, [let us send him out](mss) lest he reach out his hand, and also take of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever.” 23 Therefore [YHWH](LXX) sent him out from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from which he was taken. 24 So he drove out the man; and he placed keruvim at the east of the garden of Eden, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to guard the way to the tree of life.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 4:1-26

4:1 The man knew Chavah his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Cain, and said, “I purchased a man [with Elohim].”(LXX)(syr) 2 Again she gave birth, to Cain's brother Abel. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground. 3 As time passed, Cain brought an offering to [Elohim](LXX) from the fruit of the ground. 4 Abel also brought some of the firstborn of his flock and of its fat. [Elohim](LXX) respected Abel and his offering, 5 but he didn't respect Cain and his offering. Cain was very angry, and his face fell. 6 [Elohim](LXX) said to Cain, “Why are you angry? Why has your face fallen? 7 If you do well, won't it be lifted up? If you don't do well, sin crouches at the door. Its desire is for you, but you are to rule over it.” 8 Cain said to Abel, his brother, [“Let's go into the field.”](LXX)(SP)(Syr) While they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel, his brother, and killed him. 9 [Elohim](LXX) said to Cain, “Where is Abel, your brother?” He said, “I don't know. Am I my brother's keeper?” 10 [YHWH](LXX) said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood cries to me from the ground. 11 Now you are cursed because of the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. 12 From now on, when you till the ground, it won't yield its strength to you. You will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the land.” 13 Cain said to [Elohim],(LXX) “My [crime is too great for me to be forgiven].(LXX) 14 Behold, you have driven me out today from the surface of the ground. I will be hidden from your face, and I will be a fugitive and a wanderer in the land. Whoever finds me will kill me.” 15 YHWH said to him, “[Not so.](LXX)(syr) Whoever slays Cain, vengeance will be taken on him seven times.” YHWH appointed a sign for Cain, so that anyone finding him would not strike him. 16 Cain left the face of [Elohim],(LXX) and lived in the land of Nod, east of Eden. 17 Cain knew his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Enoch. He built a city, and named the city after the name of his son, Enoch. 18 Irad was born to Enoch. Irad became the father of [Mehaiel].(LXX) [Mehaiel](LXX) became the father of Methushael. Methushael became the father of Lamech. 19 Lamech took two wives: the name of the first one was Adah, and the name of the second one was Zillah. 20 Adah gave birth to Jabal, who was the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock. 21 His brother's name was Jubal, who was the father of all who handle the harp and pipe. 22 Zillah also gave birth to Tubal Cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of bronze and iron. Tubal Cain's sister was Naamah. 23 Lamech said to his wives, “Adah and Zillah, hear my voice. You wives of Lamech, listen to my speech, for I have slain a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. 24 If Cain will be avenged seven times, truly Lamech seventy-seven times.” 25 Adam knew his wife again. She gave birth to a son, and named him Seth, [saying],(LXX) “for Elohim has given me another seed instead of Abel, for Cain killed him.” 26 A son was also born to Seth, and he named him Enosh. [This one](LXX)(syr) [hoped](LXX) to call on the name of [Elohim].(LXX)


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 5:1-32

5:1 This is the book of the births of Adam. In the day that Elohim created Adam, he made him in the likeness of Elohim. 2 He created them male and female, and blessed them. On the day they were created, he named them Adam. 3 Adam lived [two hundred](LXX) thirty years, and became the father of a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth. 4 The days of Adam after he became the father of Seth were [seven hundred](LXX) years, and he became the father of other sons and daughters. 5 All the days that Adam lived were nine hundred thirty years, then he died. 6 Seth lived [two hundred](LXX) five years, then became the father of Enosh. 7 Seth lived after he became the father of Enosh [seven hundred](LXX) seven years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 8 All of the days of Seth were nine hundred twelve years, then he died. 9 Enosh lived [one hundred](LXX) ninety years, and became the father of Cainan. 10 Enosh lived after he became the father of Cainan [seven hundred](LXX) fifteen years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 11 All of the days of Enosh were nine hundred five years, then he died. 12 Cainan lived [one hundred](LXX) seventy years, then became the father of Mahalalel. 13 Cainan lived after he became the father of Mahalalel [seven hundred](LXX) forty years, and became the father of other sons and daughters 14 and all of the days of Cainan were nine hundred ten years, then he died. 15 Mahalalel lived [one hundred](LXX) sixty-five years, then became the father of Jared. 16 Mahalalel lived after he became the father of Jared [seven hundred](LXX) thirty years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 17 All of the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred ninety-five years, then he died. 18 Jared lived [two hundred sixty-two years],(LXX) then became the father of Enoch. 19 Jared lived after he became the father of Enoch eight hundred years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 20 All of the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty-two years, then he died. 21 Enoch lived [one hundred](LXX) sixty-five years, then became the father of Methuselah. 22 After Methuselah's birth, Enoch walked with [the Elohim](mss)(MTT) for [two hundred](LXX) years, and became the father of more sons and daughters. 23 All the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty-five years. 24 Enoch walked with [the Elohim],(mss)(MTT) and he was not found, for Elohim took him. 25 Methuselah lived one hundred eighty-seven years, then became the father of Lamech. 26 Methuselah lived after he became the father of Lamech seven hundred eighty-two years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 27 All the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty-nine years, then he died. 28 Lamech lived one hundred eighty-[eight](LXX) years, then became the father of a son. 29 He named him Noaḥ, saying, “This one will comfort us in our work and in the toil of our hands, caused by the ground which YHWH has cursed.” (cf. Genesis 3:17-18) 30 Lamech lived after he became the father of Noaḥ five hundred [sixty-five](LXX) years, and became the father of other sons and daughters. 31 All the days of Lamech were seven hundred [fifty-three](LXX) years, then he died. 32 Noaḥ was five hundred years old, then Noaḥ became the father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 6:1-22

6:1 When the man began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, 2 The sons of [the Elohim](MTT) saw that daughters of the man were beautiful, and they took any that they wanted for themselves as wives. 3 YHWH [Elohim](LXX) said, “[My spirit will certainly not remain among these men forever],(LXX) because he also is flesh; so his days will be one hundred twenty years.” 4 The Nephilim were in the land in those days, and also after that, when the sons of [the Elohim](MTT) came in to daughters of the man and bore to them. Those were the mighty ones who were from a distant time, men of name. 5 [Elohim](LXX) saw that the wickedness of the man was great in the land, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the days. 6 [Elohim](LXX) regretted that he had made man on the land, and it grieved him in his heart. 7 [Elohim](LXX) said, “I will destroy the man whom I have created from the face of the ground—from the man as well as beast, as well as creeping things, as well as birds of the heavens—for I regret that I made them.” 8 But Noaḥ found favor in the eyes of [Elohim].(LXX) 9 These are the birthings of Noaḥ: Noaḥ was a righteous man, perfect in his generations. Noaḥ walked with [the Elohim].(MTT) 10 Noaḥ became the father of three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The land was corrupt before [the Elohim],(MTT) and the land was filled with violence. 12 Elohim saw the land, and saw that it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted their way on the land. 13 Elohim said to Noaḥ, “I will bring an end to all flesh, for the land is filled with violence through them. Behold, I will destroy them and the land. 14 Make an ark of gopher wood. You shall make rooms in the ark, and shall seal it inside and outside with pitch. 15 This is how you shall make it. The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. 16 You shall make a roof in the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit upward. You shall set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third levels. 17 And I, behold, I am bringing the flood of waters on this land, to destroy all flesh having the spirit of lives from under the heavens. Everything that is in the land will die. 18 But I will establish my covenant with you. You shall come into the ark, you, your sons, your wife, and your sons' wives with you. 19 Of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every sort into the ark, to keep them alive with you. They shall be male and female. 20 Of the birds after their kind, of the livestock after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after their kind, two of every sort will come to you, to keep them alive. 21 Take with you some of all food that is eaten, and gather it to yourself; and it will be for food for you, and for them.” 22 Thus Noaḥ did. He did all that Elohim commanded him.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 7:1-24

7:1 [Elohim](LXX) said to Noaḥ, “Come with all of your household into the ark, for I have seen your righteousness before me in this generation. 2 You shall take seven pairs of every clean animal with you, the male and his female. Of the animals that are not clean, take two, the male and his female. 3 Also of the [clean](LXX)(SP) birds of the heavens, seven and seven, male and female, [and of all the unclean birds, one pair, a male and a female,](LXX) to keep seed alive on the face of all the land. 4 In seven days, I will cause it to rain on the land for forty days and forty nights. I will destroy every living thing that I have made from the face of the ground.” 5 Noaḥ did everything that [Elohim](LXX) commanded him. 6 Noaḥ was six hundred years old when the flood of waters came on the land. 7 Noaḥ went into the ark with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives, because of the floodwaters. 8 Clean animals, unclean animals, birds, and [of](LXX) everything that creeps on the ground 9 went by pairs to Noaḥ into the ark, male and female, as Elohim commanded Noaḥ. 10 After the seven days, the floodwaters came on the land. 11 In the six hundredth year of Noaḥ’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the heaven’s windows opened. 12 It rained on the land forty days and forty nights. 13 In the same day Noaḥ, and Shem, Ham, and Japheth—the sons of Noaḥ—and Noaḥ’s wife and the three wives of his sons with [him],(LXX) entered into the ark— 14 they, and every animal after its kind, all the livestock after their kind, every creeping thing that creeps on the land after its kind, and every bird after its kind, every bird of every sort. 15 Pairs from all flesh with the breath of life in them went into the ark to Noaḥ. 16 Those who went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as Elohim commanded him; then [Elohim](LXX) shut him in. 17 The flood was forty days [and forty nights](LXX) on the land. The waters increased, and lifted up the ark, and it was lifted up above the land. 18 The waters rose, and increased greatly on the land; and the ark floated on the face of the waters. 19 The waters rose very high on the land. All the high mountains that were under the whole heavens were covered. 20 The waters rose and covered the [highest](LXX) mountains to a depth or more than 15 cubits. 21 All flesh died that moved on the land, including birds, livestock, animals, every creeping thing that creeps on the land, and every man. 22 All on the dry land, in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, died. 23 Every living thing was destroyed that was on the face of the ground, including man, livestock, creeping things, and birds of the heavens. They were destroyed from the land. Only Noaḥ was left, and those who were with him in the ark. 24 The waters flooded the land one hundred fifty days.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 8:1-22

8:1 Elohim remembered Noaḥ, all the animals, and all the livestock[, and all the birds, and all the creeping](LXX) that were with him in the ark; and Elohim made a wind to pass over the land. The waters subsided. 2 The deep's fountains and the heaven's windows were also stopped, and the rain from the heavens was restrained. 3 The waters continually receded from the land. After the end of one hundred fifty days the waters receded. 4 The ark rested in the seventh new moon, on the seventeenth day of the new moon, on the mountains of Ararat. 5 The waters receded continually until the tenth new moon. In the tenth new moon, on the first day of the new moon, the tops of the mountains were visible. 6 At the end of forty days, Noaḥ opened the window of the ark which he had made, 7 and he sent out a raven. It went back and forth, until the waters were dried up from the land. 8 He himself sent out a dove to see if the waters were abated from the face of the ground, 9 the dove found no resting place for the palm of her foot, and she returned into the ark to him, for the waters were on the face of the whole land. He put out his hand, and took her, and brought her to him into the ark. 10 He waited yet another seven days; and again he sent the dove out of the ark. 11 The dove came back to him at evening and, behold, in her mouth was a freshly plucked olive leaf. So Noaḥ knew that the waters were abated from the land. 12 He waited yet another seven days, and sent out the dove; and she didn't return to him any more. 13 In the six hundred first year [of Noaḥ's life],(LXX) in the first new moon, the first day of the new moon, the waters were dried up from the land. Noaḥ removed the covering of the ark, and looked. He saw that the face of the ground was dry. 14 In the second new moon, on the twenty-seventh day of the new moon, the land was dry. 15 Elohim spoke to Noaḥ, saying, 16 “Go out of the ark, you, your wife, your sons, and your sons' wives with you. 17 Bring out with you every living that is with you of all flesh, including birds, livestock, and every creeping that treads on the land, that they may breed abundantly in the land, and be fruitful, and multiply on the land.” 18 Noaḥ went out, with his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives with him. 19 [And all the wild beasts and all the livestock],(LXX) every creeping, and every bird, whatever moves on the land, after their families, went out of the ark. 20 Noaḥ built an altar to [Elohim],(LXX) and took of every clean animal, and of every clean bird, and offered burnt offerings on the altar. 21 YHWH smelled the pleasant aroma. YHWH said in his heart, “I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake for the inclination of man's heart is evil from his youth. I will never again strike every living, as I have done. 22 While the land remains, seed time and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 9:1-29

9:1 Elohim blessed Noaḥ̣ and his sons, and said to them, “Be fruitful, multiply, and replenish the land. 2 The fear of you and the dread of you will be on every [wild](LXX) beast of the land, [and on all livestock of the land,](LXX) and on every bird of the heavens. All that creep along the ground, and all the fish of the sea, are delivered into your hand. 3 Every creeping that lives will be food for you. As I gave you the green plants (cf. Genesis 1:29-30), I have given all to you. 4 But flesh with its life, that is, its blood, you shall not eat. 5 I will surely seek accounting for your life's blood. At the hand of every animal I will seek it. At the hand of man, even at the hand of every man's brother, I will seek the soul of man. 6 Whoever sheds man's blood, his blood will be shed by man, for Elohim made man in his own image. 7 Be fruitful and multiply. Increase abundantly in the land, and multiply in it [and have dominion over it]”(LXX)(mss) 8 Elohim spoke to Noaḥ and to his sons with him, saying, 9 “As for me, behold, I establish my covenant with you, and with your seed after you, 10 and with every living soul that is with you: the birds, [and](LXX) the livestock, and every beast of the land with you, [of all that go out of the ark].(LXX) 11 I will establish my covenant with you: All flesh will not be cut off any more by the waters of the flood. There will never again be a flood to destroy the land.” 12 Elohim said, “This is the sign of the covenant which I make between me and you and every living soul that is with you, for perpetual generations: 13 I set my bow in the cloud, and it will be a sign of a covenant between me and the land. 14 When I bring a cloud over the land, that the bow will be seen in the cloud, 15 I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every living soul of all flesh, and the waters will no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. 16 The bow will be in the cloud. I will look at it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between [me](LXX) and every living soul of all flesh that is on the land.” 17 Elohim said to Noaḥ, “This is the sign of the covenant which I have established between me and all flesh that is on the land.” 18 The sons of Noaḥ who went out from the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham is the father of Canaan. 19 These three were the sons of Noaḥ, and from these the whole land was populated. 20 Noaḥ began to be a farmer, and planted a vineyard. 21 He drank of the wine and got drunk. He was uncovered within his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the indecency of his father, and told his two brothers outside. 23 Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it on both their shoulders, went in backwards, and covered the indecency of their father. Their faces were backwards, and they didn't see their father's indecency. 24 Noaḥ awoke from his wine, and knew what his youngest son had done to him. 25 He said, “Canaan is cursed. He will be a servant of servants to his brothers.” 26 He said, “[Blessed be the Elohim](LXX) of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant. 27 May Elohim enlarge Japheth. Let him dwell in the tents of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant.” 28 Noaḥ lived three hundred fifty years after the flood. 29 All the days of Noaḥ were nine hundred fifty years, and then he died.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 10:1-32

10:1 Now this is the history of the generations of the sons of Noaḥ and of Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Sons were born to them after the flood. 2 The sons of Japheth were: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. 3 The sons of Gomer were: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 The sons of Javan were: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and [Rodanim].(LXX) 5 Of these were the islands of the nations divided in their lands, everyone after his language, after their families, in their nations. 6 The sons of Ham were: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. 7 The sons of Cush were: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah were: Sheba and Dedan. 8 Cush became the father of Nimrod. He began to be a [giant](LXX) in the land. 9 He was a [giant hunter](LXX) to the face of [Elohim].(LXX) Therefore it is said, “like Nimrod, a [giant hunter](LXX) to the face of [Elohim]”.(LXX) 10 The beginning of his reign was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. 11 Out of that land he went into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, 12 and Resen between Nineveh and the great city Calah. 13 Mizraim became the father of Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim, 14 Pathrusim, Casluhim, which the Philistines descended from, and Caphtorim. 15 Canaan became the father of Sidon his firstborn, Heth, 16 the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, 17 the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, 18 the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were scattered abroad. 19 The border of the Canaanites was from Sidon—as you go toward Gerar—to Gaza—as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim—to Lasha. 20 These are the sons of Ham, according to their families, according to their languages, in their lands and their nations. 21 Sons were also born to Shem, the elder brother of Japheth, the father of all the sons of Eber. 22 The sons of Shem were: Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram. 23 The sons of Aram were: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. 24 Arpachshad became the father of [Cainan. And Cainan became the father of](LXX) Shelah. Shelah became the father of Eber. 25 To Eber were born two sons. The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the land was divided. His brother's name was Joktan. 26 Joktan became the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, 27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, 28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba, 29 Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were the sons of Joktan. 30 Their dwelling extended from Mesha, as you go toward Sephar, the mountain of the east. 31 These are the sons of Shem, by their families, according to their languages, lands, and nations. 32 These are the families of the sons of Noaḥ, by their generations, according to their nations. The nations divided from these in the land after the flood.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 11:1-32

11:1 The whole land was of one language and of one [voice to all].(LXX) 2 As they traveled east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there. 3 They said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” They had brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar. 4 They said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the heavens, and let's make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole land.” 5 [Elohim](mss) came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men built. 6 [Elohim](mss) said, “Behold, they are one people, and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do. Now nothing will be withheld from them, which they intend to do. 7 Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's language.” 8 So [Elohim](mss) scattered them abroad from there on the surface of all the land. They stopped building the city [and the tower].(LXX)(SP) 9 Therefore its name was called Babel, because there [Elohim](mss) confused the language of all the land. From there, [he](mss) scattered them abroad on the surface of all the land. 10 This is the history of the generations of Shem: Shem was one hundred years old when he became the father of Arpachshad two years after the flood. 11 Shem lived five hundred years after he became the father of Arpachshad, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX)(SP) 12 Arpachshad lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty-five years and became the father of [Cainan].(LXX) 13 Arpachshad lived four hundred three years after he became the father of [Cainan], and became the father of more sons and daughters. [And Cainan lived one hundred and thirty years and became the father of Shelah. And Cainan lived three hundred and thirty years after he had become the father of Shelah, and fathered sons and daughters.](LXX) 14 Shelah lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty years, and became the father of Eber. 15 Shelah lived [three hundred thirty](LXX) years after he became the father of Eber, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX) 16 Eber lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty-four years, and became the father of Peleg. 17 Eber lived [three hundred seventy](LXX) years after he became the father of Peleg, and became the father of more sons and daughters. 18 Peleg lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty years, and became the father of Reu. 19 Peleg lived two hundred nine years after he became the father of Reu, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX) 20 Reu lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty-two years, and became the father of Serug. 21 Reu lived two hundred seven years after he became the father of Serug, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX) 22 Serug lived [one hundred](LXX) thirty years, and became the father of Nahor. 23 Serug lived two hundred years after he became the father of Nahor, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX) 24 Nahor lived [seventy-nine] years, and became the father of Terah. 25 Nahor lived one hundred [twenty-nine](LXX) years after he became the father of Terah, and became the father of more sons and daughters [and died].(LXX) 26 Terah lived seventy years, and became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. 27 Now these are the birthings of the generations of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died [in](LXX) the face of his father Terah in the land of his birth, in Ur Kasdim. 29 Abram and Nahor married wives. The name of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor's wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran, who was also the father of Iscah. 30 Sarai was barren. She had no child. 31 Terah took Abram his son, Lot the son of Haran, his son's son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram's wife. [He](LXX) went from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan. They came to Haran and lived there. 32 The days of Terah were two hundred five years. Terah died in Haran.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 12:1-20

12:1 [Elohim](LXX) [had](LXX) said to Abram, “Leave your country, and your relatives, and your father's house, and go to the land that I will show you. 2 I will make of you a great nation. I will bless you and make your name great. You will be a blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse him who treats you with contempt. All the families of the land will be blessed through you.” 4 So Abram went, as [Elohim](LXX) had told him. Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he departed from Haran. 5 Abram took Sarai his wife, Lot his brother's son, all their possessions that they had gathered, and the people whom they had acquired in Haran, and they went to go into the land of Canaan. They entered into the land of Canaan. 6 Abram passed through the land to the place of Shechem, to the oak of Moreh. At that time, Canaanites were in the land. 7 Then [Elohim](LXX) appeared to Abram and said [to him],(LXX) “I will give this land to your seed.” [Abram](LXX) built an altar there to [Elohim],(LXX) who had appeared to him. 8 He left from there to go to the mountain on the east of Bethel and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Ai on the east. There he built an altar [and called on the name](LXX) of [Elohim].(LXX) 9 Abram traveled, still going on toward the South. 10 There was a famine in the land. Abram went down into Egypt to live as a foreigner there, for the famine was severe in the land. 11 When he had come near to enter Egypt, he said to Sarai his wife, “See now, I know that you are a beautiful woman to look at. 12 It will happen that when the Egyptians see you, they will say, ‘This is his wife.' They will kill me, but they will save you alive. 13 Please say that you are my sister, that it may be well with me for your sake, and that my soul may live because of you.” 14 When Abram had come into Egypt, Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 The princes of Pharaoh saw her, and boasted about her to Pharaoh; and the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house. 16 He dealt well with Abram for her sake. He had sheep, cattle, male donkeys, male servants, maids, female donkeys, and camels. 17 [Elohim](LXX) struck Pharaoh and his house with great [and grievous](LXX) plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife. 18 Pharaoh called Abram and said, “What is this that you have done to me? Why didn't you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,' so that I took her to be my wife? Now therefore, see your wife [is before you],(LXX) take her, and go your way.” 20 Pharaoh commanded men concerning him, and they escorted him away with his wife and all his possessions [and Lot with him].(LXX)(SP)(mss)


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 13:1-18

13:1 Abram went up out of Egypt—he, his wife, all that he had, and Lot with him—into the South. 2 Abram was very rich in livestock, in silver, and in gold. 3 He went on his journeys from the South as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, 4 to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on the name of [Elohim].(LXX) 5 Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks, herds, and tents. 6 The land was not able to bear them, that they might live together; for their possessions were so great that they couldn't live together. 7 There was strife between the herdsmen of Abram's livestock and the herdsmen of Lot's livestock. The Canaanites and the Perizzites lived in the land at that time. 8 Abram said to Lot, “Please, let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen; for we are relatives. 9 Isn't the whole land before you? Please separate yourself from me. If you go to the left hand, then I will go to the right. Or if you go to the right hand, then I will go to the left.” 10 Lot lifted up his eyes, and saw all the plain of the Jordan, that it was well-watered everywhere, before [Elohim](LXX) destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah, like the garden of [Elohim],(LXX) like the land of Egypt, as you go to Zoar. 11 So Lot chose [all the region round about the plain of](LXX) Jordan for himself. Lot traveled east, and they separated themselves from one other. 12 Abram lived in the land of Canaan, and Lot lived in the cities of the plain, and moved his tent as far as Sodom. 13 Now the men of Sodom were exceedingly wicked and sinners against [Elohim].(LXX) 14 And [Elohim](LXX) said to Abram, after Lot was separated from him, “Now, lift up your eyes, and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward, 15 for I will give all the land which you see to you and to your seed forever (cf. Galatians 3:16). 16 I will make your seed as the dust of the land, so that if a man can count the dust of the land, then your seed may also be counted. 17 Arise, walk through the land in its length and in its width; for I will give it to [your seed, into the eon].”(LXX) 18 Abram moved his tent, and came and lived by the oaks of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and built an altar there to [Elohim].(LXX)


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 14:1-24

14:1 In the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar; Arioch, king of Ellasar; Chedorlaomer, king of Elam; and Tidal, king of Goyim, 2 they made war with Bera, king of Sodom; Birsha, king of Gomorrah; Shinab, king of Admah; Shemeber, king of Zeboyim; and the king of Bela, also called Zoar. 3 All these joined together in the valley of Siddim, also called the Salt Sea. 4 They served Chedorlaomer for twelve years, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5 In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him came and struck the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 6 and the Horites in their Mount Seir, to El Paran, which is by the wilderness. 7 They returned, and came to En Mishpat, also called Kadesh, and struck all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that lived in Hazazon Tamar. 8 The king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboyim, and the king of Bela, also called Zoar went out; and they set the battle in array against them in the valley of Siddim 9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goyim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. 10 Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and the [king of Sodom and the king of Gomorrah](LXX) fled, and some fell there. Those who remained fled to the hills. 11 They took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their food, and went their way. 12 They took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who lived in Sodom, and his goods, and departed. 13 One who had escaped came and told Abram, the Hebrew. At that time, he lived by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Aner. They were allies of Abram. 14 When Abram heard that his relative was taken captive, he [numbered](LXX) his three hundred eighteen trained men, born in his house, and pursued as far as Dan; 15 He divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and struck them, and pursued them to Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. 16 He brought back all the goods, and also brought back his relative Lot and his goods, and the women also, and the other people. 17 The king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, at the valley of Shaveh, that is, the King's Valley. 18 Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest to El Elyon. 19 He blessed [Abram],(LXX) and said, “Blessed be Abram to El Elyon, purchaser of the heavens and the land. 20 Blessed be El Elyon, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.” Abram gave him a tenth of all. 21 The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people, and take the goods for yourself.” 22 Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have lifted up my hand to El Elyon, purchaser of the heavens and the land, 23 that I will not take a thread nor a sandal strap nor anything that is yours, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.' 24 I will accept nothing from you except that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me: Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. Let them take their portion.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 15:1-21

15:1 After these words, the word of YHWH came to Abram in a vision, saying, “Don't be afraid, Abram. [I will shield you. Your wage will be exceedingly much]”(LXX) 2 Abram said, “[Lord],(LXX) what will you give me, since I go childless, and he who will inherit my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?” 3 Abram said, “Behold, you have given no seed to me: and, behold, one born in my house is my heir.” 4 Behold, the word of [Elohim](LXX) came to him, saying, “This man will not be your heir, but he who will come from your own bowels will be your heir.” 5 [And he](LXX) brought him outside, and said, “Look now toward the heavens, and count the stars, if you are able to count them.” He said to Abram, “So your seed will be.” 6 He believed [in Elohim],(LXX) and it was imputed to him for righteousness. 7 He said to Abram, “I am [Elohim](LXX) who brought you out of Ur Kasdim, to give you this land to inherit it.” 8 He said, “[Lord],(LXX) how will I know that I will inherit it?” 9 He said to him, “Bring me a heifer three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young dove.” 10 He brought him all these, and cut them in two in the middle, and laid each half opposite the other; but he didn't cut the birds in two. 11 The birds of prey came down on the carcasses, and Abram drove them away. 12 When the sun was going down, a trance fell on Abram. Now terror and great darkness fell on him. 13 He said to Abram, “Know for sure that your seed will live as sojourners in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them. They will afflict them four hundred years. 14 I will also judge that nation, whom they will serve. Afterward they will come out with great wealth; 15 but you will go to your fathers in peace. You will be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation they will come here again, for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet full.” 17 It came to pass that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold, a smoking furnace and a flaming torch passed between these pieces. 18 In that day [Elohim](LXX)(mss) cut a covenant with Abram, saying, “I have given this land to your seed, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates: 19 the land of the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, 20 the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim, 21 the Amorites, the Canaanites, [the Hivites],(LXX) the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 16:1-16

16:1 Now Sarai, Abram's wife, bore him no children. She had a maidservant, an Egyptian, whose name was Hagar. 2 Sarai said to Abram, “See now, [Elohim](LXX) has restrained me from bearing. Please go in to my maidservant. It may be that I may obtain children from her.” Abram listened to the voice of Sarai. 3 Sarai, Abram's wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant, after Abram had lived ten years in the land of Canaan, and gave her to Abram her husband to be his wife. 4 He went in to Hagar, and she conceived. When she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was belittled in her eyes. 5 Sarai said to Abram, “[My violence is upon you].(MTT) I gave my maidservant into your bosom, and when she saw that she had conceived, I was belittled in her eyes. May [Elohim](LXX) judge between me and you.” 6 But Abram said to Sarai, “Behold, your maidservant is in your hand. Do to her whatever is good in your eyes.” Sarai dealt harshly with her, and she fled from her face. 7 The angel of [Elohim](LXX) found her by a fountain of water in the wilderness, by the fountain on the way to Shur. 8 And [the angel of YHWH](LXX) said, “Hagar, Sarai's maidservant, where did you come from? Where are you going?” She said, “I am fleeing from the face of my mistress Sarai.” 9 The angel of YHWH said to her, “Return to your mistress, and submit yourself under her hands.” 10 The angel said to her, “I will greatly multiply your seed, that they will not be counted for multitude.” 11 Then the angel of [Elohim](LXX) said to her, “Behold, you are with child, and will bear a son. You shall call his name Ishmael, because [Elohim](LXX) has heard your affliction. 12 He will be like a wild donkey among men. His hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him. He will [dwell before the face of](LXX) all his brothers.” 13 She called [his name, the one](mss) who spoke to her, “You are El Roi,” for she said, “Here I have seen the one who sees me” 14 Therefore the well was called Be'er Lahai Roi. Behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. 15 Hagar bore a son for Abram. Abram called the name of his son, whom Hagar bore, Ishmael. 16 Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abram.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 17:1-27

17:1 When Abram was ninety-nine years old, [Elohim](LXX) appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am El Shaddai. Walk before me and be perfect. 2 I will make my covenant between me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly.” 3 Abram fell on his face. Elohim talked with him, saying, 4 “As for me, behold, my covenant is with you. You will be the father of a multitude of nations. 5 Your name will no more be called Abram, but your name will be Abraham; for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. 6 I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make nations of you. Kings will come out of you. 7 I will establish my covenant between me and you and your seed after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be an Elohim to you and to your seed after you. 8 I will give to you, and to your seed after you, the land where you are traveling, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession. I will be their Elohim.” 9 Elohim said to Abraham, “As for you, you shall guard my covenant, you and your seed after you throughout their generations. 10 This is my covenant, which you shall guard, between me and you and your seed after you. Every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskin. It will be a sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 He who is eight days old shall be circumcised among you, every male throughout your generations, he who is born in the house, or bought with money from any foreigner who is not of your seed. 13 He who is born in your house, and he who is bought with your money, must be circumcised. My covenant shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. 14 The uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin [on the eighth day],(LXX) that soul shall be cut off from his people. He has broken my covenant.” 15 Elohim said to Abraham, “As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but her name shall be Sarah. 16 I will bless her, and moreover I will give you a son by her. Yes, I will bless her, and she will be a mother of nations. Kings of peoples will come from her.” 17 Then Abraham fell on his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, “Will a child be born to him who is one hundred years old? Will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth?” 18 Abraham said to [the Elohim],(MTT) “Oh that Ishmael might live before you!” 19 Elohim said [to Abraham],(LXX) “Truly, [behold],(LXX) Sarah, your wife, will bear you a son. You shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting covenant [and](LXX) for his seed after him. 20 As for Ishmael, I have heard you. Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly. He will become the father of twelve princes, and I will make him a great nation. 21 But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah will bear to you at this appointed time next year.” 22 When he finished talking with him, Elohim went up from Abraham. 23 Abraham took Ishmael his son, all who were born in his house, and all who were bought with his money: every male among the men of Abraham's house, and circumcised the flesh of their foreskin in the same day, as Elohim had said to him. 24 Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. 25 Ishmael, his son, was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. 26 In the same day both Abraham and Ishmael, his son, were circumcised. 27 All the men of his house, those born in the house, and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 18:1-33

18:1 [Elohim](LXX) appeared to him by the oaks of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day. 2 He lifted up his eyes and looked, and saw that three men stood near him. When he saw them, he ran to meet them from the tent door, and bowed himself to the land, 3 and said, “My lord, if now I have found favor in your sight, please don't go away from your servant. 4 Now let a little water be fetched, wash your feet, and rest yourselves under the tree. 5 I will get a piece of bread so you can refresh your heart. After that you may go your way, now that you have come to your servant.” They said, “Very well, do as you have said.” 6 Abraham hurried into the tent to Sarah, and said, “Quickly prepare three seahs of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.” 7 Abraham ran to the herd, and fetched a tender and good calf, and gave it to the servant. He hurried to dress it. 8 He took butter, milk, and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before them. He stood by them under the tree, and they ate. 9 They asked him, “Where is Sarah, your wife?” He said, “There, in the tent.” 10 He said, “I will certainly return to you at the time of life; and behold, Sarah your wife will have a son.” Sarah heard in the tent door, which was behind him. 11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old, well advanced in age and Sarah ceased to be in the feminine way. 12 Sarah laughed within herself, saying, “After I have grown old will I have pleasure, my lord being old also?” 13 [Elohim](LXX) said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Will I really bear a child when I am old?' 14 Is any word too wonderful for [Elohim]?(LXX) At the appointed time I will return to you, according to the time of life, and Sarah will have a son.” 15 Then Sarah denied it, saying, “I didn't laugh,” for she was afraid. He said, “No, but you did laugh.” 16 The men rose up from there, and looked toward Sodom. Abraham went with them to see them on their way. 17 [Elohim](LXX) said, “Will I hide from Abraham what I do, 18 since Abraham will surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the land will be blessed in him? 19 For I have known him, to the end that he may command his sons and his household after him, that they may keep the way of [Elohim],(mss) to do righteousness and justice; to the end that [Elohim](LXX) may bring on Abraham that which he has spoken of him.” 20 [Elohim](mss) said, “Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous, 21 I will go down now, and see whether their deeds are as bad as the reports which have come to me. If not, I will know.” 22 The men turned from there, and went toward Sodom, but Abraham stood yet before [Elohim].(mss) 23 Abraham came near, and said, “Will you consume the righteous with the wicked? 24 What if there are fifty righteous within the city? Will you consume and not spare the place for the fifty righteous who are in it? 25 May it be far from you to do things like that, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous should be like the wicked. May that be far from you. Shouldn't the Judge of all the land do right?” 26 [Elohim](mss) said, “If I find in Sodom fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare the whole place for their sake.” 27 Abraham answered, “See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord, although I am dust and ashes. 28 What if there will lack five of the fifty righteous? Will you destroy all the city for lack of five?” He said, “I will not destroy it if I find forty-five there.” 29 He spoke to him yet again, and said, “What if there are forty found there?” He said, “I will not do it for the forty's sake.” 30 He said, “Oh don't let the Lord be angry, and I will speak. What if there are thirty found there?” He said, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.” 31 He said, “See now, I have taken it on myself to speak to the Lord. What if there are twenty found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the twenty's sake.” 32 He said, “Oh don't let the Lord be angry, and I will speak just once more. What if ten are found there?” He said, “I will not destroy it for the ten's sake.” 33 He(LXX) went his way as soon as he had finished speaking with Abraham, and Abraham returned to his place.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 19:1-38

19:1 The two angels came to Sodom at evening. Lot sat in the gate of Sodom. Lot saw them, and rose up to meet them. He bowed himself with his face to the land, 2 and he said, “See now, my lords, please come into your servant's house, stay all night, wash your feet, and you can rise up early, and go on your way [since you have come to your servant].”(mss) They said, “No, but we will stay in the street all night.” 3 He urged them greatly, and they came in with him, and entered into his house. He made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. 4 But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, surrounded the house, both young and old, all the people from every quarter. 5 They called to Lot, and said to him, “Where are the men who came in to you this night? Bring them out to us, that we may know them.” 6 Lot went out to them through the door, and shut the door after himself. 7 He said, “Please, my brothers, don't act so wickedly. 8 See now, I have two virgin daughters. Please let me bring them out to you, and you may do to them what seems good to you. Only don't do any word to these men, because they have come under the shadow of my roof.” 9 They said, “Stand back!” Then they said, “This one fellow came in to sojourn, and he will judge a judgment? Now we will do evil with you more than with them!” They pressed hard on the man Lot, and came near to break the door. 10 But the men reached out their hand, and brought Lot into the house to them, and shut the door. 11 They struck the men who were at the door of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that they wearied themselves to find the door. 12 The men said to Lot, “Do you have anybody else here? Sons-in-law, your sons, your daughters, and whomever you have in the city, bring them out of the place: 13 for we will destroy this place, because the outcry against them has grown so great before [Elohim](mss) that [he](LXX) has sent us to destroy it.” 14 Lot went out, and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry his daughters, and said, “Get up! Get out of this place, for [Elohim](mss) will destroy the city!” But he seemed to his sons-in-law to be joking. 15 When the morning came, then the angels hurried Lot, saying, “Get up! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, [and get out,](LXX) lest you be consumed in the iniquity of the city.” 16 But [they were troubled];(LXX) and the men grabbed his hand, his wife's hand, and his two daughters' hands, [Elohim](mss) being merciful to him; and they took him out, and set him outside of the city. 17 It came to pass, when they had taken them out, that he said, “Escape for your life! Don't look behind you, and don't stay anywhere in the plain. Escape to the mountains, lest you be consumed!” 18 Lot said to them, “Oh, not so, my lord. 19 See now, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have magnified your loving kindness, which you have shown to me in saving my life. I can't escape to the mountain, lest evil overtake me, and I die. 20 See now, this city is near to flee to, and it is a little one. Oh let me escape there—isn't it a little one?—And my soul will live.” 21 He said to him, “Behold, I have granted your request concerning this word also, that I will not overthrow the city of which you have spoken. 22 Hurry, escape there, for I can't do any word until you get there.” Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar. 23 The sun had risen on the land when Lot came to Zoar. 24 Then [Elohim](mss) rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the LORD(mss) from the heavens. 25 He overthrew those cities, all the plain, all the inhabitants of the cities, and that which grew on the ground. 26 But Lot's wife looked back from behind him, and she became a pillar of salt. 27 Abraham went up early in the morning to the place where he had stood before [Elohim].(mss) 28 He looked toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the plain, and saw that the smoke of the land went up as the smoke of a furnace. 29 When Elohim destroyed the cities of the plain, Elohim remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the middle of the overthrow, when he overthrew the cities in which Lot lived. 30 Lot went up out of Zoar, and lived in the mountain, and his two daughters with him; for he was afraid to live in Zoar. He lived in a cave with his two daughters. 31 The firstborn said to the younger, “Our father is old, and there is not a man in the land to come in to us in the way of all the land. 32 Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve our father's family line.” 33 They made their father drink wine that night: and the firstborn went in, and lay with her father. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she arose. 34 It came to pass on the next day, that the firstborn said to the younger, “Behold, I lay last night with my father. Let's make him drink wine again tonight. You go in, and lie with him, that we may preserve our father's family line.” 35 They made their father drink wine that night also. The younger went and lay with him. He didn't know when she lay down, nor when she got up. 36 Thus both of Lot's daughters were with child by their father. 37 The firstborn bore a son, and named him Moab[, saying from my father].(LXX) He is the father of the Moabites to this day. 38 The younger also bore a son, and called his name Ben Ammi[, a son of my people].(LXX) He is the father of the sons of Ammon to this day.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 20:1-18

20:1 Abraham traveled from there toward the land of the South, and lived between Kadesh and Shur. He sojourned in Gerar. 2 Abraham said about Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. 3 But Elohim came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is married to a husband.” 4 Now Abimelech had not come near her. He said, “Lord, will you kill even a righteous nation? 5 Didn't he tell me, ‘She is my sister'? She, even she herself, said, ‘He is my brother.' I have done this in the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands.” 6 [The Elohim](MTT) said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know that in the integrity of your heart you have done this, and I also withheld you from sinning against me. Therefore I didn't allow you to touch her. 7 Now therefore, return the man's wife. For he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you will live. If you don't return her, know for sure that you will die, you, and all who are yours.” 8 Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ear. [All](LXX) the men were very scared. 9 Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said to him, “What have you done to us? How have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my reign a great sin? You have done deeds to me that ought not to be done!” 10 Abimelech said to Abraham, “What did you see, that you have done this thing?” 11 Abraham said, “Because I thought, ‘Surely the fear of Elohim is not in this place. They will kill me for my wife's sake.' 12 Besides, she is indeed my sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. 13 When Elohim caused me to wander from my father's house, I said to her, ‘This is your kindness which you shall show to me. Everywhere that we go, say of me, “He is my brother.” ' ” 14 Abimelech took [a thousand double-drachmas,](LXX) sheep, and cattle, male servants and maids, and gave them to Abraham, and returned Sarah, his wife, to him. 15 Abimelech said, “Behold, my land is before you. Dwell where it pleases you.” 16 To Sarah he said, "Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver. Behold, it is for you a covering of the eyes to all that are with you. In front of all you are vindicated." 17 Abraham prayed to [the Elohim].(MTT) So Elohim healed Abimelech, his wife, and his maids, and they bore. 18 For [Elohim](LXX) had closed up tight all the bowels of the house of Abimelech, upon the word of Sarah, Abraham's wife.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 21:1-34

21:1 [Elohim](LXX) visited Sarah as he had said, and did to Sarah as he had spoken. 2 Sarah conceived, and bore Abraham a son in his old age, at the appointed time of which Elohim had spoken to him. 3 Abraham called his son who was born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Yitschaq. 4 Abraham circumcised his son, Isaac, when he was eight days old, as Elohim had commanded him. 5 Abraham was one hundred years old when his son, Isaac, was born to him. 6 Sarah said, “Elohim has made me laugh. Everyone who hears will laugh with me.” 7 She said, “Who would have said to Abraham that Sarah would nurse sons? For I have borne him a son in his old age.” 8 The child grew and was weaned. Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, [playing with Isaac her son].(LXX) 10 Therefore she said to Abraham, “Cast out this servant and her son! For the son of this servant will not be heir with my son, Isaac.” 11 The thing was very grievous in Abraham's sight on account of his son. 12 Elohim said to Abraham, “Don't let it be grievous in your sight because of the boy, and because of your servant. In all that Sarah says to you, listen to her voice. For your seed will be named through Isaac. 13 I will also make a [great](LXX) nation of the son of the servant, because he is your seed.” 14 Abraham rose up early in the morning, and took bread and a container of water, and gave it to Hagar, putting it on her shoulder; and gave her the child, and sent her away. She departed, and wandered in the wilderness of Be'ersheba. 15 The water in the container was spent, and she put the child under one of the shrubs. 16 She went and sat down opposite him, a good way off, about a bow shot away. For she said, “Don't let me see the death of the child.” She sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice, and [the child cried aloud and wept].(LXX) 17 Elohim heard the voice of the boy. The angel of Elohim called to Hagar out of the heavens, and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Don't be afraid. For Elohim has heard the voice of the boy where he is. 18 Get up, lift up the boy, and hold him with your hand. For I will make him a great nation.” 19 Elohim opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. She went, filled the container with water, and gave the boy a drink. 20 Elohim was with the boy, and he grew. He lived in the wilderness, and as he grew up, he became an archer. 21 He lived in the wilderness of Paran. His mother got a wife for him out of the land of Egypt. 22 At that time, Abimelech and Phicol the captain of his army spoke to Abraham, saying, “Elohim is with you in all that you do. 23 Now, therefore, swear to me here by Elohim that you will not deal falsely with me, nor with my son, nor with my son's son. But according to the kindness that I have done to you, you shall do to me, and to the land in which you have lived as a sojourner.” 24 Abraham said, “I will swear.” 25 Abraham complained to Abimelech because of a water well, which Abimelech's servants had violently taken away. 26 Abimelech said, “I don't know who has done this thing. You didn't tell me, and I didn't hear of it until today.” 27 Abraham took sheep and cattle, and gave them to Abimelech. Those two cut a covenant. 28 Abraham set seven ewe lambs of the flock by themselves. 29 Abimelech said to Abraham, “What do these seven ewe lambs, which you have set by themselves, mean?” 30 [Abraham](LXX) said, “You shall take these seven ewe lambs from my hand, that it may be a witness to me, that I have dug this well.” 31 Therefore he called that place Be'ersheba, because they both swore an oath there. 32 So they cut a covenant at Be'ersheba. Abimelech rose up with Phicol, the captain of his army, and they returned into the land of the Philistines. 33 And [Abraham](LXX) planted a tamarisk tree in Be'ersheba, and there he called on the name of YHWH, the Everlasting Elohim. 34 Abraham lived as a sojourner in the land of the Philistines many days.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 22:1-24

22:1 After these words, [the Elohim](MTT) tested Abraham, and said to him, “Abraham, [Abraham]!”(LXX) He said, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “Now take your son, your [beloved](LXX) one, Isaac, whom you love, and go into the land of Moriah. Offer him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains which I will tell you of.” 3 Abraham rose early in the morning, and saddled his donkey; and took two of his young men with him, and Isaac his son. He split the wood for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went to the place [the Elohim](MTT) had told him[, on the third day].(LXX) 4 [And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place far off].(LXX) 5 Abraham said to his young men, “Stay here with the donkey. The boy and I will go over there. We will worship, and come back to you.” 6 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and laid it on Isaac his son. He took in his hand the fire and the knife. They both went together. 7 Isaac spoke to Abraham his father, and said, “My father?” He said, “Here I am, my son.” He said, “Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?” 8 Abraham said, “Elohim will see himself the lamb for a burnt offering, my son.” So they both went together. 9 They came to the place [the Elohim](MTT) had told him of. Abraham built the altar there, and laid the wood in order, bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar, on the wood. 10 Abraham stretched out his hand, and took the knife to kill his son. 11 The angel of [Elohim](mss) called to him out of the heavens, and said, “Abraham, Abraham!” He said, “Here I am.” 12 He said, “Don't lay your hand on the boy or do anything to him. For now I know that you fear Elohim, since you have not withheld your son, your [beloved](LXX) one, from me.” 13 Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and saw [one](LXX) ram caught in the thicket by his horns. Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 Abraham called the name of that place, [Elohim](DSS) Yireh. As it is said to this day, “On a mountain [Elohim](DSS) appeared.” 15 The angel of [Elohim](mss) called to Abraham a second time out of the heavens, 16 and said, I have sworn by myself,' says YHWH, ‘because you have done this thing, and have not withheld your son, your [beloved](LXX) one, [from me](LXX) 17 I will bless you greatly, and I will multiply your seed greatly like the stars of the heavens, and like the sand which is on the seashore. Your seed will possess the gate of his enemies. 18 All the nations of the land will be blessed by your seed, because you have obeyed my voice.' ” 19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose up and went together to Be'ersheba. Abraham lived at Be'ersheba. 20 After these things, Abraham was told, “Behold, Milcah, she also has borne sons to your brother Nahor: 21 Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram, 22 Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 Bethuel became the father of Rebekah. These eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's brother. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 23:1-20

23:1 Sarah lived one hundred twenty-seven years. This was the length of Sarah's life. 2 Sarah died in Kiriath Arba, [which is in the valley],(LXX) also called Hebron, in the land of Canaan. Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. 3 Abraham rose up from before his dead and spoke to the sons of Heth, saying, 4 “I am a sojourner and a settler living with you. Give me a possession of a burying-place with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight.” 5 The sons of Heth answered Abraham, saying to him, 6 “Hear us, my lord. You are a lifted up elohim among us. Bury your dead in the best of our tombs. None of us will withhold from you his tomb. Bury your dead.” 7 Abraham rose up, and bowed himself to the people of the land, to the sons of Heth. 8 He talked with them, saying, “If you agree that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me, and entreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar [the Hethite],(SP) 9 that he may sell me the cave of Machpelah, which he has, which is in the end of his field. For the full price let him sell it to me among you as a possession for a burial place.” 10 Now Ephron was sitting in the middle of the sons of Heth. Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the hearing of the sons of Heth, even of all who went in at the gate of his city, saying, 11 “No, my lord, hear me. I give you the field, and I give you the cave that is in it. In the face of the sons of my people I give it to you. Bury your dead.” 12 Abraham bowed himself down before the people of the land. 13 He spoke to Ephron in the audience of the people of the land, saying, “But if you will, please hear me. I will give the price of the field. Take it from me, and I will bury my dead there.” 14 Ephron answered Abraham, saying to him, 15 “My lord, listen to me. What is a piece of land worth four hundred shekels of silver between me and you? Therefore bury your dead.” 16 Abraham listened to Ephron. Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver which he had named in the hearing of the sons of Heth, four hundred shekels of silver, according to the current merchants' standard. 17 So the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, the cave which was in it, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all of its borders, were deeded 18 to Abraham for a possession in the face of the sons of Heth, before all who went in at the gate of his city. 19 After this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre, that is, Hebron, in the land of Canaan. 20 The field, and the cave that is in it, were deeded to Abraham by the sons of Heth as a possession for a burial place.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 24:1-67

24:1 Abraham was old, and well advanced in age. YHWH had blessed Abraham in all. 2 Abraham said to his servant, the elder of his house, who ruled over all that he had, “Please put your hand under my loin. 3 I will make you swear by [the Elohim of the heavens and the land],(LXX) that you shall not take a wife for my son of the daughters of the Canaanites, among whom I live. 4 But you shall go to my country, and to my relatives, and take a wife for my son Isaac.” 5 The servant said to him, “What if the woman isn't willing to follow me to this land? Must I bring your son again to the land you came from?” 6 Abraham said to him, “Beware that you don't bring my son there again. 7 The [Elohim](LXX)(mss) of the heavens—who took me from my father's house, and from the land of my birth, who spoke to me, and who swore to me, saying, ‘I will give this land to your seed—he will send his angel before you, and you shall take a wife for my son from there. 8 If the woman isn't willing to follow you, then you shall be clear from this oath to me. Only you shall not bring my son there again.” 9 The servant put his hand under the loin of Abraham his lord, and swore to him concerning this word. 10 The servant took ten of his lord's camels, and departed, having a variety of good things of his lord's with him. He arose, and went to Mesopotamia, to the city of Nahor. 11 He made the camels kneel down outside the city by the well of water at the time of evening, the time that women go out to draw water. 12 He said, “The [Elohim](LXX)(mss) of my lord Abraham, please give me success today, and show kindness to my lord Abraham. 13 Behold, I am standing by the spring of water. The daughters of the men of the city are coming out to draw water. 14 Let it happen, that the young lady to whom I will say, ‘Please let down your pitcher, that I may drink,' then she says, ‘Drink, and I will also give your camels a drink,'—let her be the one you have proven for your servant Isaac. By this I will know that you have shown kindness to my lord.” 15 Before he had finished speaking [in his mind],(LXX) behold, Rebekah came out, who was born to Bethuel the son of Milcah, the wife of Nahor, Abraham's brother, with her pitcher on her shoulder. 16 The young lady was very beautiful to look at, a virgin. No man had known her. She went down to the spring, filled her pitcher, and came up. 17 The servant ran to meet her, and said, “Please give me a drink, a little water from your pitcher.” 18 She said, “Drink, my lord.” She hurried, and let down her pitcher on her hand, and gave him a drink. 19 When she had finished giving him a drink, she said, “I will also draw for your camels, until they have finished drinking.” 20 She hurried, and emptied her pitcher into the trough, and ran again to the well to draw, and drew for all his camels. 21 The man looked steadfastly at her, remaining silent, to know whether [Elohim](mss) had made his journey prosperous or not. 22 As the camels had done drinking, the man took a golden ring weighing a beqa, [which he put on her nose,](LXX)(mss) and two bracelets for her hands of ten shekels weight of gold, 23 and said, “Whose daughter are you? Please tell me. Is there room in your father's house for us to stay?” 24 She said to him, “I am the daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom she bore to Nahor.” 25 She said moreover to him, “We have both straw and feed enough, and room to lodge in.” 26 The man bowed his head, and did bow down to [Elohim].(mss) 27 He said, “Blessed be [the Elohim](LXX) of my lord Abraham, who has not forsaken his loving kindness and his truth toward my lord. As for me, [He](mss) has led me on the way to the house of my lord's relatives.” 28 The young lady ran, and told her mother's house about these words. 29 Rebekah had a brother, and his name was Laban. [He](LXX)(mss) ran out to the man, to the spring. 30 When he saw the ring, and the bracelets on his sister's hands, and when he heard the words of Rebekah his sister, saying, “This is what the man said to me,” he came to the man. Behold, he was standing by the camels at the spring. 31 He said, “Come in, you blessed of [Elohim].(mss) Why do you stand outside? For I have prepared the house, and room for the camels.” 32 The man came into the house, and he unloaded the camels. He gave straw and feed for the camels, and water to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him. 33 Food was set before him to eat, but he said, “I will not eat until I have told my message.” Laban said, “Speak on.” 34 He said, “I am Abraham's servant. 35 [The Lord](mss) has blessed my lord greatly. He has become great. [He](mss) has given him flocks and herds, silver and gold, male servants and maids, and camels and donkeys. 36 Sarah, my lord's wife, bore a son to my lord when she was old. He has given all that he has to him. 37 My lord made me swear, saying, ‘You shall not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites, in whose land I live, 38 but you shall go to my father's house, and to my relatives, and take a wife for my son.' 39 I asked my lord, ‘What if the woman will not follow me?' 40 He said to me, ‘[Elohim],(LXX)(mss) before whom I walk, will send his angel with you, and prosper your way. You shall take a wife for my son from my relatives, and of my father's house. 41 Then you will be clear from my oath, when you come to my relatives. If they don't give her to you, you shall be clear from my oath.' 42 I came today to the spring, and said, ‘[Elohim](mss) of my lord Abraham, if now you do prosper my way which I go— 43 behold, I am standing by this spring of water. Let it happen, that the maiden who comes out to draw, to whom I will say, “Please give me a little water from your pitcher to drink,” 44 then she tells me, “Drink, and I will also draw for your camels,”—let her be the woman whom is proven for my lord's son.' 45 Before I had finished speaking in my heart, behold, Rebekah came out with her pitcher on her shoulder. She went down to the spring, and drew. I said to her, ‘Please let me drink.' 46 She hurried and let down her pitcher from her shoulder, and said, ‘Drink, and I will also give your camels a drink.' So I drank, and she also gave the camels a drink. 47 I asked her, and said, ‘Whose daughter are you?' She said, ‘The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor's son, whom Milcah bore to him.' I put the ring on her nose, and the bracelets on her hands. 48 I bowed my head, and did bow down to [Elohim],(LXX)(mss) and blessed the [Elohim](LXX)(mss) of my lord Abraham, who had led me in the right way to take my lord's brother's daughter for his son. 49 Now if you will deal kindly and truly with my lord, tell me. If not, tell me, that I may turn to the right hand, or to the left.” 50 Then Laban and Bethuel answered, “The thing proceeds from [Elohim].(mss) We can't speak to you bad or good. 51 Behold, Rebekah is before you. Take her, and go, and let her be your lord's son's wife, as [Elohim](mss) has spoken.” 52 When Abraham's servant heard their words, he bowed himself down to the land before the LORD.(LXX)(mss) 53 The servant brought out jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing, and gave them to Rebekah. He also gave precious things to her brother and her mother. 54 They ate and drank, he and the men who were with him, and stayed all night. They rose up in the morning, and he said, “Send me away to my lord.” 55 Her brother and her mother said, “Let the young lady stay with us a few days, at least ten. After that she will go.” 56 He said to them, “Don't hinder me, [seeing that he](LXX)(mss) has prospered my way. Send me away that I may go to my lord.” 57 They said, “We will call the young lady, and ask her.” 58 They called Rebekah, and said to her, “Will you go with this man?” She said, “I will go.” 59 They sent away Rebekah, their sister, with her nurse, Abraham's servant, and his men. 60 They blessed Rebekah, and said to her, “Our sister, may you be the mother of thousands of ten thousands, and let your seed possess the gate of those who hate them.” 61 Rebekah arose with her ladies. They rode on the camels, and followed the man. The servant took Rebekah, and went his way. 62 Isaac came from the way of Beer Lahai Roi, for he lived in the land of the South. 63 Isaac went out to meditate in the field at the evening. He lifted up his eyes and looked. Behold, there were camels coming. 64 Rebekah lifted up her eyes, and when she saw Isaac, she got off the camel. 65 She said to the servant, “Who is the man who is walking in the field to meet us?” The servant said, “It is my lord.” She took her veil, and covered herself. 66 The servant told Isaac all the things that he had done. 67 Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent, and took Rebekah, and she became his wife. He loved her. So Isaac was comforted after his mother's death.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 25:1-34

25:1 Abraham added and took a wife, and her name was Keturah. 2 She bore him Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah. 3 Jokshan became the father of Sheba, and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were Asshurim, Letushim, and Leummim. 4 The sons of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the sons of Keturah. 5 Abraham gave all that he had to [his son](LXX) Isaac, 6 but Abraham gave gifts to the sons of Abraham's concubines. While he still lived, he sent them away from Isaac his son, eastward, to the east country. 7 These are the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived: one hundred seventy-five years. 8 Abraham gave up his spirit, and died at a good old age, a bearded man, and full [of days],(LXX)(Syr)(SP) and was gathered to his people. 9 Isaac and Ishmael, his sons, buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron, the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is near Mamre, 10 the field which Abraham purchased from the sons of Heth. Abraham was buried there with Sarah, his wife. 11 After the death of Abraham, Elohim blessed Isaac, his son. Isaac lived by Beer Lahai Roi. 12 And these are the birthings of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's servant, bore to Abraham. 13 These are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to the order of their birth: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth, then Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, 14 Mishma, Dumah, Massa, 15 Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah. 16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments: twelve princes, according to their nations (cf. Genesis 17:20). 17 These are the years of the life of Ishmael: one hundred thirty-seven years. He gave up his spirit and died, and was gathered to his people. 18 They lived from Havilah to Shur that is before Egypt, as you go toward Assyria. He [dwelled in the face of all his brothers].(LXX) 19 And these are the birthings of Isaac, Abraham's son. Abraham brought forth Isaac. 20 Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah, the daughter of Bethuel the Syrian of Paddan Aram, the sister of Laban the Syrian, to be his wife. 21 Isaac interceded to the LORD(LXX)(mss) for his wife, because she was barren. [And his Elohim listened],(LXX) and Rebekah his wife conceived. 22 The sons struggled together within her. She said, “If it is like this, why do I live?” She walked to seek [Elohim].(LXX) 23 [He](LXX) said to her, “Two nations are in your womb. Two peoples will be separated from your body. The one people will be stronger than the other people. The elder will serve the younger.” 24 When her days to be delivered were fulfilled, behold, there were twins in her womb. 25 The first came out red all over, like a hairy garment. They named him Esau. 26 Afterwards, his brother came out, and his hand had hold on Esau's heel. He was named Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when she bore them. 27 The boys grew. Esau was a knowing hunter, a man of the field. Jacob was a perfect man, living in tents. 28 Now Isaac loved Esau, because he ate his wild game. Rebekah loved Jacob. 29 Jacob boiled stew. Esau came in from the field, and he was famished. 30 Esau said to Jacob, “Please feed me with some of that red stew, for I am famished.” Therefore his name was called Edom. 31 Jacob said, “First, sell me your birthright.” 32 Esau said, “Behold, I am about to die. What good is the birthright to me?” 33 Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” He swore to him. He sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew. He ate and drank, rose up, and went his way. So Esau devalued his birthright.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 26:1-35

26:1 There was a famine in the land, in addition to the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines, to Gerar. 2 [Elohim](LXX) appeared to him, and said, “Don't go down into Egypt. Live in the land I will tell you about. 3 Live in this land, and I will be with you, and will bless you. For I will give to you, and to your seed, all these lands, and I will establish the oath which I swore to Abraham your father. 4 I will multiply your seed as the stars of the heavens, and will give all these lands to your seed. In your seed all the nations of the land will be blessed, 5 because Abraham [your father](LXX) obeyed my voice, and guarded my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my Torot.” 6 Isaac lived in Gerar. 7 The men of the place asked him about his wife. He said, “She is my sister,” for he was afraid to say, “[She is](LXX) my wife”, lest, he thought, “the men of the place might kill me for Rebekah, because she is beautiful to look at.” 8 When he had been there a long time, Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was dallying with Rebekah, his wife. 9 Abimelech called Isaac, and said, “Behold, surely she is your wife. Why did you say, ‘She is my sister?' ” Isaac said to him, “Because I said, ‘Lest I die because of her.' ” 10 Abimelech said, “What is this you have done to us? One of the people might easily have lain with your wife, and you would have brought guilt on us!” 11 Abimelech commanded all the people, saying, “He who touches this man or his wife will surely be put to death.” 12 Isaac sowed in that land, and reaped [barley](LXX) in the same year one hundred times what he planted. [Elohim](LXX) blessed him. 13 The man grew great, and grew more and more until he became very great. 14 He had possessions of flocks, possessions of herds, and a great household. The Philistines envied him. 15 Now all the wells which his father's servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines had stopped, and filled with dirt. 16 Abimelech said to Isaac, “Go away from us, for you are much mightier than we.” 17 Isaac departed from there, encamped in the valley of Gerar, and lived there. 18 Isaac dug again the wells of water, which [the servants of Abraham his father dug];(LXX) for the Philistines had stopped them after the death of Abraham. He called their names after the names by which his father had called them. 19 Isaac's servants dug in the valley, and found there a well of flowing water. 20 The herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac's herdsmen, saying, “The water is ours.” So he called the name of the well Esek, because they contended with him. 21 They dug another well, and they argued over that, also. So he called its name Sitnah. 22 He left that place, and dug another well. They didn't argue over that one. So he called it Rehoboth. He said, “For now [Elohim](LXX) has made room for us, and we will be fruitful in the land.” 23 He went up from there to Be'ersheba. 24 [Elohim](LXX) appeared to him the same night, and said, “I am the Elohim of Abraham your father. Don't be afraid, for I am with you, and will bless you, and multiply your seed for my servant Abraham's sake.” 25 He built an altar there, and called on name of YHWH, and pitched his tent there. There Isaac's servants dug a well. 26 Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar with Ahuzzath his friend, and Phicol the captain of his army. 27 Isaac said to them, “Why have you come to me, since you hate me, and have sent me away from you?” 28 They said, “We saw plainly that [Elohim](LXX) was with you. We said, ‘Let there now be an oath between us, between us and you, and let's cut a covenant with you, 29 that you will do us no harm, as we have not touched you, and as we have done to you nothing but good, and have sent you away in peace.' You are now the blessed of [Elohim].”(LXX)(mss) 30 He made them a feast, and they ate and drank. 31 They rose up some time in the morning, and swore an oath to one another. Isaac sent them away, and they departed from him in peace. 32 The same day, Isaac's servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had dug, and said to him, “We [did not](LXX)(mss) find water.” 33 He called it “Shibah”. Therefore the name of the city is “Be'ersheba” to this day. 34 When Esau was forty years old, he took as wife Judith, the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath, the daughter of Elon the Hittite. 35 They were a bitterness of spirit to Isaac and Rebekah.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 27:1-46

27:1 When Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his elder son, and said to him, “My son?” He said to him, “Here I am.” 2 He said, “See now, I am old. I don't know the day of my death. 3 Now therefore, please take your weapons, your quiver and your bow, and go out to the field, and get me wild game. 4 Make me savory food, such as I love, and bring it to me, that I may eat, and that my soul may bless you before I die.” 5 Rebekah heard when Isaac spoke to Esau his son. Esau went to the field to hunt for wild game, and to bring it. 6 Rebekah spoke to Jacob her son, saying, “Behold, I heard your father speak to Esau your brother, saying, 7 ‘Bring me wild game, and make me savory food, that I may eat, and bless you to the face of YHWH to the face of my death.' 8 Now therefore, my son, hear in my voice according to that which I command you. 9 Go now to the flock and get me two good young goats from there. I will make them savory food for your father, such as he loves. 10 You shall bring it to your father, that he may eat, so that he may bless you to the face of his death.” 11 Jacob said to Rebekah his mother, “Behold, Esau my brother is a hairy man, and I am a smooth man. 12 What if my father touches me? I will seem to him as a deceiver, and I would bring a curse on myself, and not a blessing.” 13 His mother said to him, “Let your curse be on me, my son. Only hear in my voice, and go get them for me.” 14 He went, and got them, and brought them to his mother. His mother made savory food, such as his father loved. 15 Rebekah took the good clothes of Esau, her elder son, which were with her in the house, and put them on Jacob, her younger son. 16 She put the skins of the young goats on his hands, and on the smooth of his neck. 17 She gave the savory food and the bread, which she had prepared, into the hand of her son Jacob. 18 He came to his father, and said, “My father?” He said, “Here I am. Who are you, my son?” 19 Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau your firstborn. I have done what you asked me to do. Please arise, sit and eat of my wild game, that your soul may bless me.” 20 Isaac said to his son, “How is it that you have found it so quickly, my son?” He said, “Because YHWH your Elohim gave me success.” 21 Isaac said to Jacob, “Please come near, that I may feel you, my son, whether you are really my son Esau or not.” 22 Jacob went near to Isaac his father. He felt him, and said, “The voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau.” 23 He didn't recognize him, because his hands were hairy, like his brother Esau's hands. So he blessed him. 24 He said, “Are you really my son Esau?” He said, “I am.” 25 He said, “Bring it near to me, and I will eat of my son's wild game, that my soul may bless you.” He brought it near to him, and he ate. He brought him wine, and he drank. 26 His father Isaac said to him, “Come near now, and kiss me, my son.” 27 He came near, and kissed him. He smelled the smell of his clothing, and blessed him, and said, “Behold, the smell of my son is as the smell of a [full](LXX) field which YHWH has blessed. 28 [The Elohim](MTT) give you of the dew of the heavens, of the fatness of the land, and plenty of grain and new wine. 29 Let peoples serve you, and nations bow down to you. Be lord over your brothers. Let your mother's sons bow down to you. Cursed be everyone who curses you. Blessed be everyone who blesses you.” 30 As soon as Isaac had finished blessing Jacob, and Jacob had just gone out from the face of Isaac his father, Esau his brother came in from his hunting. 31 He also made savory food, and brought it to his father. He said to his father, “Let my father arise, and eat of his son's wild game, that your soul may bless me.” 32 Isaac his father said to him, “Who are you?” He said, “I am your son, your firstborn, Esau.” 33 Isaac trembled a great trembling and many more, and said, “Who, then, is he who has taken wild game, and brought it to me, and I have eaten of all before you came, and have blessed him? Yes, he will be blessed.” 34 When Esau heard the words of his father, he cried with an exceedingly great and bitter cry, and said to his father, “Bless me, even me also, my father.” 35 He said, “Your brother came with deceit, and has taken away your blessing.” 36 He said, “Isn't he rightly named Jacob? For he has supplanted me these two times. He took away my birthright. See, now he has taken away my blessing.” He said, “Haven't you reserved a blessing for me?” 37 Isaac answered Esau, “Behold, I have made him your lord, and all his brothers I have given to him for servants. I have sustained him with grain and new wine. What then will I do for you, my son?” 38 Esau said to his father, “Do you have just one blessing, my father? Bless me, even me also, my father!” [And Isaac being vexed,](LXX) Esau lifted up his voice, and wept. 39 Isaac his father answered him, “Behold, your dwelling will be of the fatness of the land, and of the dew of the heavens from above. 40 You will live by your sword, and you will serve your brother. It will happen, when you will break loose, that you will shake his yoke from off your neck.” 41 Esau hated Jacob because of the blessing with which his father blessed him. Esau said in his heart, “The days of mourning for my father are at hand. Then I will kill my brother Jacob.” 42 The words of Esau, her elder son, were made known to Rebekah. She sent and called Jacob, her younger son, and said to him, “Behold, your brother Esau comforts himself about you by planning to kill you. 43 Now therefore, my son, hear in my voice. Arise, flee to Laban, my brother, in Haran. 44 Stay with him a few days, until your brother's fury turns away— 45 until your brother's anger turns away from you, and he forgets what you have done to him. Then I will send, and get you from there. Why should I be bereaved of you both in one day?” 46 Rebekah said to Isaac, “I am weary of my life because of the daughters of Heth. If Jacob takes a wife of the daughters of Heth, such as these, of the daughters of the land, what good will my life do me?”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 28:1-22

28:1 Isaac called Jacob, blessed him, and commanded him, “You shall not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan. 2 Arise, go to Paddan Aram, to the house of Bethuel your mother's father. Take a wife from there from the daughters of Laban, your mother's brother. 3 May El Shaddai bless you, and make you fruitful, and multiply you, that you may be an assembly of peoples, 4 and give you the blessing of Abraham, to you and to your seed with you, that you may inherit the land where you travel, which Elohim gave to Abraham.” 5 Isaac sent Jacob away. He went to Paddan Aram to Laban, son of Bethuel the Syrian, the brother of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's mother. 6 Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him away to Paddan Aram, to take him a wife from there, and that as he blessed him he gave him a command, saying, “You shall not take a wife of the daughters of Canaan;” 7 and that Jacob obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Paddan Aram. 8 Esau saw that the daughters of Canaan didn't please Isaac, his father. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael, and took, in addition to the wives that he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, the sister of Nebaioth, to be his wife.10 Jacob went out from Be'ersheba, and went toward Haran. 11 He came to a certain place, and stayed there all night, because the sun had set. He took from of the stones of the place, and put it under his head, and lay down in that place to sleep. 12 He dreamed and saw a stairway set upon the land, and its top reached to the heavens. Behold, the angels of Elohim were ascending and descending on it. 13 [And Elohim](mss) stood above it, and said, “[I am](LXX)(mss) the Elohim of Abraham your father, and the Elohim of Isaac. I will give the land you lie on to you and to your seed. 14 Your seed will be as the dust of the land, and you will spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south. In you and in your seed, all the families of the land will be blessed. 15 Behold, I am with you, and will keep you, wherever you go, and will bring you again into this land. For I will not leave you until I have done that which I have spoken of to you.” 16 Jacob awakened out of his sleep, and he said, “Surely [Elohim](mss) is in this place, and I didn't know it.” 17 He was afraid, and said, “How awesome this place is! This is none other than the house of Elohim, and this is the gate of the heavens.” 18 Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil on its top. 19 He called the name of that place Bethel, but the name of the city was Luz at the first. 20 Jacob vowed a vow, saying, “If Elohim will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat, and clothing to put on, 21 so that I come again to my father's house in peace, and [He](mss) will be my Elohim, 22 then this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, will be the house of Elohim. Of all that you will give me I will surely give a tenth to you.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 29:1-35

29:1 Then Jacob went on his journey, and came to the land of the sons of the east. 2 He looked, and saw a well in the field, and saw three flocks of sheep lying there by it. For out of that well they watered the flocks. The stone on the well's mouth was large. 3 There all the flocks were gathered. They rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the sheep, and put the stone back on the well's mouth in its place. 4 Jacob said to them, “My relatives, where are you from?” They said, “We are from Haran.” 5 He said to them, “Do you know Laban, the grandson of Nahor?” They said, “We know him.” 6 He said to them, “Is it well with him?” They said, “It is well. See, Rachel, his daughter, is coming with the sheep.” 7 [Jacob](LXX) said, “Behold, it is still the middle of the day, not time to gather the livestock together. Water the sheep, and go and feed them.” 8 They said, “We can't, until all the flocks are gathered together, and they roll the stone from the well's mouth. Then we will water the sheep.” 9 While he was yet speaking with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep, for she kept them. 10 When Jacob saw Rachel the daughter of Laban, his mother's brother, and the sheep of Laban, his mother's brother, Jacob went near, and rolled the stone from the well's mouth, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's brother. 11 Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted up his voice, and wept. 12 Jacob told Rachel that he was her father's relative, and that he was Rebekah's son. She ran and told her father. 13 When Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister's son, he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things. 14 Laban said to him, “Surely you are my bone and my flesh.” Jacob stayed with him for a new moon. 15 Laban said to Jacob, “Because you are my relative, should you therefore serve me for nothing? Tell me, what will your wages be?” 16 Laban had two daughters. The name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. 17 Leah's eyes were tender, but Rachel was beautiful of form and beautiful [in appearance].(LXX) 18 Jacob loved Rachel. He said, “I will serve you seven years for Rachel, your younger daughter.” 19 Laban said, “It is better that I give her to you, than that I should give her to another man. Stay with me.” 20 Jacob served seven years for Rachel. They seemed to him but a few days, for the love he had for her. 21 Jacob said to Laban, “Give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled, that I may go in to her.” 22 Laban gathered together all the men of the place, and made a feast. 23 In the evening, he took Leah his daughter, and brought her to Jacob. He went in to her. 24 Laban gave Zilpah his servant to his daughter Leah for a servant. 25 In the morning, behold, it was Leah! [Jacob](LXX) said to Laban, “What is this you have done to me? Didn't I serve with you for Rachel? Why then have you [mislead](LXX) me?” 26 Laban said, “It is not done so in our place, to give the younger before the firstborn. 27 Fulfill the week of this one, and [I](LXX) will give you the other also for the service which you will serve with me for seven more years.” 28 Jacob did so, and fulfilled her week. He gave him Rachel his daughter as wife. 29 Laban gave Bilhah, his servant, to his daughter Rachel to be her servant. 30 He went in also to Rachel, and he loved also Rachel more than Leah, and served with him seven more years. 31 YHWH saw Leah was hated and he opened her womb and Rachel was barren. 32 Leah conceived, and bore a son, and she named him Reuben. For she said, “Because [Elohim](LXX) has looked at my affliction [and given me a son].(LXX) For now my husband will love me.” 33 She conceived again, and bore a son, and said, “Because [Elohim](LXX) has heard that I am hated, he has therefore given me this son also.” She named him Shimon. 34 She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, “Now this time my husband will be joined to me, because I have borne him three sons.” Therefore his name was called Levi. 35 She conceived again, and bore a son. She said, “This time I will praise [Elohim].”(LXX) Therefore she named him Judah. Then she stopped bearing.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 30:1-43

30:1 When Rachel saw that she did not bare to Jacob, Rachel envied her sister. She said to Jacob, “Give me sons, or else I will die.” 2 Jacob's anger burned against Rachel, and he said, “Am I in Elohim's place, who has withheld from you the fruit of the womb?” 3 She said, “Behold, my maid Bilhah. Go in to her, that she may bear on my knees, and I will also be built from her.” 4 She gave him Bilhah her servant to wife, and Jacob went in to her. 5 Bilhah conceived, and bore Jacob a son. 6 Rachel said, “Elohim has judged me, and has also heard my voice, and has given me a son.” Therefore she called his name Dan. 7 Bilhah, Rachel's servant, conceived again, and bore Jacob a second son. 8 Rachel said, “I have wrestled with my sister with mighty wrestlings, and have prevailed.” She named him Naphtali. 9 When Leah saw that she had finished bearing, she took Zilpah, her servant, and gave her to Jacob to wife. 10 Zilpah, Leah's servant, bore Jacob a son. 11 Leah said, “A troop comes!” She named him Gad. 12 Zilpah, Leah's servant, bore Jacob a second son. 13 Leah said, “Happy am I, for the daughters will call me happy.” She named him Asher. 14 Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them to his mother, Leah. Then Rachel said to Leah, “Please give me some of your son's mandrakes.” 15 Leah said to her, “Is it a small matter that you have taken away my husband? Would you take away my son's mandrakes, also?” Rachel said, “Therefore he will lie with you tonight for your son's mandrakes.” 16 Jacob came from the field in the evening, and Leah went out to meet him, and said, “You must come in to me; for I have surely hired you with my son's mandrakes.” He lay with her that night. 17 Elohim listened to Leah, and she conceived, and bore Jacob a fifth son. 18 Leah said, “Elohim has given me my hire, because I gave my servant to my husband.” She named him Issachar. 19 Leah conceived again, and bore a sixth son to Jacob. 20 Leah said, “Elohim has endowed me with a good dowry. Now my husband will live with me, because I have borne him six sons.” She named him Zebulun. 21 Afterwards, she bore a daughter, and named her Dinah. 22 Elohim remembered Rachel, and [he](LXX) listened to her, and opened her womb. 23 She conceived, bore a son, and said, “Elohim has taken away my reproach.” 24 She named him Joseph, saying, “May [Elohim](mss) add another son to me.” 25 When Rachel had borne Joseph, Jacob said to Laban, “Send me away, that I may go to my own place, and to my country. 26 Give me my wives and my children for whom I have served you, and let me go; for you know my service with which I have served you.” 27 Laban said to him, “If now I have found favor in your eyes, stay here, for I have divined that [Elohim](mss) has blessed me for your sake.” 28 He said, “Appoint me your wages, and I will give it.” 29 Jacob said to him, “You know how I have served you, and how your livestock have fared with me. 30 For it was little which you had before I came, and it has increased to a multitude. [Elohim](mss) has blessed you wherever I turned. Now when will I provide for my own house also?” 31 Laban said, “What shall I give you?” Jacob said, “You shall not give me anything. If you will do this thing for me, I will again feed your flock and guard it. 32 I will pass through all your flock today, removing from there every speckled and spotted one, and every black one among the sheep, and the spotted and speckled among the goats. This will be my hire. 33 So my righteousness will answer for me hereafter, when you come concerning my hire that is before you. Every one that is not speckled and spotted among the goats, and black among the sheep, that might be with me, will be considered stolen.” 34 Laban said, “Behold, let it be according to your word.” 35 That day, he removed the male goats that were streaked and spotted, and all the female goats that were speckled and spotted, every one that had white in it, and all the black ones among the sheep, and gave them into the hand of his sons. 36 He set three days' journey between himself and Jacob, and Jacob fed the rest of Laban's flocks. 37 Jacob took to himself rods of fresh poplar, almond, and plane tree, peeled white streaks in them, and made the white appear which was in the rods. 38 He set the rods which he had peeled opposite the flocks in the watering troughs where the flocks came to drink. They conceived when they came to drink. 39 The flocks conceived before the rods, and the flocks produced streaked, speckled, and spotted. 40 Jacob separated the lambs, and set the faces of the flocks toward the streaked and all the black in Laban's flock. He put his own droves apart, and didn't put them into Laban's flock. 41 Whenever the stronger of the flock conceived, Jacob laid the rods in front of the eyes of the flock in the watering troughs, that they might conceive among the rods; 42 but when the flock were feeble, he didn't put them in. So the feebler were Laban's, and the stronger Jacob's. 43 The man increased exceedingly, and had large flocks, maids and male servants, and camels and donkeys.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 31:1-55

31:1 Jacob heard Laban's sons' words, saying, “Jacob has taken away all that was our father's. He has obtained all this wealth from that which was our father's.” 2 Jacob saw the expression on Laban's face, and, behold, it was not toward him as before. 3 [Elohim](mss) said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you.” 4 Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field to his flock, 5 and said to them, “I see the expression on your father's face, that it is not toward me as before; but the Elohim of my father has been with me. 6 You know that I have served your father with all of my strength. 7 Your father has deceived me, and [changed my wages for the ten lambs],(LXX) but Elohim didn't allow him to hurt me. 8 If he said, ‘The speckled will be your wages,' then all the flock bore speckled. If he said, ‘The streaked will be your wages,' then all the flock bore streaked. 9 Thus Elohim has taken away your father's livestock, and given them to me. 10 During mating season, I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and spotted. 11 The angel of [the Elohim](MTT) said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob,' and I said, ‘Here I am.' 12 He said, ‘Now lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and spotted, for I have seen all that Laban does to you. 13 I am the Elohim of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.' ” 14 Rachel and Leah answered him, “Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father's house? 15 Aren't we considered as foreigners by him? For he has sold us, and has also used up our money. 16 For all the riches which Elohim has taken away from our father are ours and our sons. Now then, whatever Elohim has said to you, do.” 17 Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives on the camels, 18 and he took away all his livestock, and all his possessions which he had gathered, including the livestock which he had gained in Paddan Aram, to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan. 19 Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep; and Rachel stole the teraphim that were her father's. 20 Jacob deceived Laban the Aramean, in that he didn't tell him that he was running away. 21 So he fled with all that he had. He rose up, passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead. 22 Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled. 23 He took his relatives with him, and pursued him seven days' journey. He overtook him in the mountain of Gilead. 24 Elohim came to Laban the Aramean in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Be careful that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad.” 25 Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain, and Laban with his relatives encamped in the mountain of Gilead. 26 Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done, that you have deceived me, and carried away my daughters like captives of the sword? 27 Why did you flee secretly, and deceive me, and didn't tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth and with songs, with tambourine and with harp; 28 and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly. 29 It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the Elohim of your father spoke to me last night, saying, ‘Be careful that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad.' 30 Now, you want to be gone, because you greatly longed for your father's house, but why have you stolen my elohim?” 31 Jacob answered Laban, “Because I was afraid, for I said, ‘Lest you should take your daughters from me by force.' 32 Anyone you find your elohim with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it.” For Jacob didn't know that Rachel had stolen them. 33 Laban went into Jacob's tent, into Leah's tent, and into the tent of the two maids; but he didn't find them. He went out of Leah's tent, and entered into Rachel's tent. 34 Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel's saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt around all the tent, but didn't find them. 35 She said to her father, “Don't let my lord be angry that I can't rise up before you; for for the way of women is on me.” He searched, but didn't find the teraphim. 36 Jacob was angry, and argued with Laban. Jacob answered Laban, “What is my trespass? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued me? 37 Now that you have felt around in all my belongings, what have you found of all your household belongings? Set it here before my relatives and your relatives, that they may judge between us two. 38 “These twenty years I have been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not cast their young, and I haven't eaten the rams of your flocks. 39 That which was torn of animals, I didn't bring to you. I bore its loss. Of my hand you required it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night. 40 This was my situation: in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from my eyes. 41 These twenty years I have been in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and you [falsely rated my wages for ten lambs].(LXX) 42 Unless the Elohim of my father, the Elohim of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. Elohim has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night.” 43 Laban answered Jacob, “The daughters are my daughters, the sons are my sons, the flocks are my flocks, and all that you see is mine! What can I do today to these my daughters, or to their sons whom they have borne? 44 Now come, let's cut a covenant, you and I. Let it be for a witness between me and you.” [And he said to him, "Look, there is no one with us; see, Elohim is witness between me and you."](LXX) 45 Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. 46 Jacob said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap. 47 Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha, but Jacob called it Gal'ed. 48 Laban said, “This heap is witness between me and you today.” Therefore it was named Gal'ed 49 and Mizpah, for he said, “[Elohim](LXX) watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another. 50 If you afflict my daughters, or if you take wives in addition to my daughters, no man is with us; behold, Elohim is witness between me and you.” 51 Laban said to Jacob, “See this heap, and see the pillar, which I have set between me and you. 52 May this heap be a witness, and the pillar be a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and that you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, for harm. 53 The Elohim of Abraham, and the Elohim of Nahor, [the Elohim of their father,](mss)(LXX) judge between us.” Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father, Isaac. 54 Jacob offered a slaughter in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night in the mountain. 55 Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 32:1-32

32:1 Jacob went on his way, and the angels of Elohim met him. 2 When he saw them, Jacob said, “This is the camp of Elohim.” He called the name of that place Mahanaim. 3 Jacob sent messengers in front of him to Esau, his brother, to the land of Seir, the field of Edom. 4 He commanded them, saying, “This is what you shall tell my lord, Esau: ‘This is what your servant, Jacob, says. I have lived as a sojourner with Laban, and stayed until now. 5 I have cattle, donkeys, flocks, male servants, and maids. I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in your sight.' ” 6 The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, “We came to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you, and four hundred men are with him.” 7 Then Jacob was greatly afraid and was distressed. He divided the people who were with him, along with the flocks, the herds, and the camels, into two camps. 8 He said, “If Esau comes to the one camp, and strikes it, then the camp which is left will escape.” 9 Jacob said, “Elohim of my father Abraham, and Elohim of my father Isaac, who said to me, ‘Return to your country, and to your relatives, and I will do you good,' 10 I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I crossed over this Jordan; and now I have become two camps. 11 Please deliver me from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; for I fear him, lest he come and strike me and the mothers with the sons. 12 You said, ‘I will surely do you good, and make your seed as the sand of the sea, which can't be counted because there are so many.' ” 13 He stayed there that night, and took from that which he had with him a present for Esau, his brother: 14 two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, 15 thirty milk camels and their colts, forty cows, ten bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten foals. 16 He delivered them into the hands of his servants, every herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Cross over before me, and put a space between herd and herd.” 17 He commanded the foremost, saying, “When Esau, my brother, meets you, and asks you, saying, ‘Whose are you? Where are you going? Whose are these before you?' 18 Then you shall say, ‘They are your servant, Jacob's. It is a present sent to my lord, Esau. Behold, he also is behind us.' ” 19 He commanded also the second, and the third, and all that followed the herds, saying, “This is how you shall speak to Esau, when you find him. 20 You shall say, ‘Not only that, but behold, your servant, Jacob, is behind us.' ” For, he said, “I will appease him with the present that goes before me, and afterward I will see his face. Perhaps he will accept me.” 21 So the present passed over before him, and he himself stayed that night in the camp. 22 He rose up that night, and took his two wives, and his two servants, and his eleven sons, and crossed over the ford of the Jabbok. 23 He took them, and sent them over the stream, and sent over that which he had. 24 Jacob was left alone, and wrestled with a man there until the breaking of the day. 25 When he saw that he didn't prevail against him, the man touched the hollow of his thigh, and the hollow of Jacob's thigh was strained as he wrestled. 26 The man said, “Let me go, for the day breaks.” Jacob said, “I won't let you go unless you bless me.” 27 He said to him, “What is your name?” He said, “Jacob”. 28 He said, “Your name will no longer be called Jacob, but Israel; for you have contended with Elohim and with [mighty](LXX) men, and have prevailed.” 29 Jacob asked him, “Please tell me your name.” He said, “Why is it that you ask what my name is?” So he blessed him there. 30 Jacob called the name of the place Peniel; for he said, “I have seen Elohim face to face, and my life is preserved.” 31 The sun rose on him as he passed over Peniel, and he limped because of his thigh. 32 Therefore the sons of Israel don't eat the sinew of the hip, which is on the hollow of the thigh, to this day, because he touched the hollow of Jacob's thigh in the sinew of the hip.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 33:1-20

33:1 Jacob lifted up his eyes, and looked, and, behold, Esau was coming, and with him four hundred men. He divided the children between Leah, Rachel, and the two servants. 2 He put the servants and their children in front, Leah and her children after, and Rachel and Joseph at the rear. 3 He himself passed over in front of them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother. 4 Esau ran to meet him, embraced him, fell on his neck, kissed him, and they wept. 5 He lifted up his eyes, and saw the women and the children; and said, “Who are these with you?” He said, “The children whom Elohim has graciously given your servant.” 6 Then the servants came near with their children, and they bowed themselves. 7 Leah also and her children came near, and bowed themselves. After them, Joseph came near with Rachel, and they bowed themselves. 8 Esau said, “What do you mean by all this camp which I met?” Jacob said, “To find favor in the sight of my lord.” 9 Esau said, “I have enough, my brother; let that which you have be yours.” 10 Jacob said, “Please, no, if I have now found favor in your sight, then receive my present at my hand, because I have seen your face, as one sees the face of Elohim, and you were pleased with me. 11 Please take the gift that I brought to you, because Elohim has dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough.” He urged him, and he took it. 12 Esau said, “Let's take our journey, and let's go, and I will go before you.” 13 Jacob said to him, “My lord knows that the children are tender, and that the flocks and herds with me have their young, and if they overdrive them one day, all the flocks will die. 14 Please let my lord cross over before his servant, and I will lead on gently, according to the pace of the livestock that are before me and according to the pace of the children, until I come to my lord to Seir.” 15 Esau said, “Let me now leave with you some of the people who are with me.” He said, “Why? Let me find favor in the sight of my lord.” 16 So Esau returned that day on his way to Seir. 17 Jacob traveled to Sukkot, built himself a house, and made booths for his livestock. Therefore the name of the place is called Sukkot. 18 Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan Aram; and encamped before the city. 19 He bought the parcel of ground where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, the father of Shechem , for one hundred pieces of money. 20 He erected an altar there, and called it El Elohe Israel.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 34:1-31

34:1 Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land. 2 Shechem the son of Hamor the Hivite, the prince of the land, saw her. He took her, lay with her, and afflicted her. 3 His soul clung to Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he loved the young lady, and spoke upon the heart of the young lady. 4 Shechem spoke to his father, Hamor, saying, “Get me this young lady as a wife.” 5 Now Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah, his daughter; and his sons were with his livestock in the field. Jacob held his peace until they came. 6 Hamor the father of Shechem went out to Jacob to talk with him. 7 The sons of Jacob came in from the field when they heard it. The men were grieved, and they were very angry, because he had done a foolish [indecent](LXX) act in Israel in lying with the daughter of Jacob, and so it will not be done. 8 Hamor talked with them, saying, “The soul of my son, Shechem, longs for your daughter. Please give her to him as a wife. 9 Make marriages with us. Give your daughters to us, and take our daughters for yourselves. 10 You will dwell with us, and the land will be before you. Live and trade in it, and get possessions in it.” 11 Shechem said to her father and to her brothers, “Let me find favor in your eyes, and whatever you will tell me I will give. 12 Ask me a great amount for a dowry, and I will give whatever you ask of me, but give me the young lady as a wife.” 13 The sons of Jacob answered Shechem and Hamor his father with deceit when they spoke, because he had defiled Dinah their sister, 14 and said to them, “We can't do this word, to give our sister to one who is uncircumcised; for that is a reproach to us. 15 Only on this condition will we consent to you. If you will be as we are, that every male of you be circumcised, 16 then will we give our daughters to you; and we will take your daughters to us, and we will dwell with you, and we will become one people. 17 But if you will not listen to us and be circumcised, then we will take our sister, and we will be gone.” 18 Their words pleased Hamor and Shechem, the son of Hamor. 19 The young man didn't wait to do this word, because he had delight in the daughter of Jacob, and he was honored above all the house of his father. 20 Hamor and Shechem, his son, came to the gate of their city, and talked with the men of their city, saying, 21 “These men are peaceful with us. Therefore let them live in the land and trade in it. For behold, the land is large enough for them. Let's take their daughters to us for wives, and let's give them our daughters. 22 Only on this condition will the men consent to us to live with us, to become one people, if every male among us is circumcised, as they are circumcised. 23 Won't their livestock and their possessions and all their animals be ours? Only let's give our consent to them, and they will dwell with us.” 24 All who went out of the gate of his city listened to Hamor, and to Shechem his son; and every male was circumcised, all who went out of the gate of his city. 25 On the third day, when they were sore, two of the sons of Jacob, Shimon and Levi, the brothers of Dinah, each took his sword, came upon the unsuspecting city, and killed all the males. 26 They killed Hamor and Shechem, his son, with the edge of the sword, and took Dinah out of the house of Jacob, and went away. 27 The sons of Jacob came on the dead, and plundered the city, because they had defiled their sister. 28 They took their flocks, their herds, their donkeys, that which was in the city, that which was in the field, 29 and all their wealth. They took captive all their little ones and their wives, and took as plunder everything that was in the house. 30 Jacob said to Shimon and Levi, “You have troubled me, to make me odious to the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number. They will gather themselves together against me and strike me, and I will be destroyed, I and my house.” 31 They said, “Should he deal with our sister as with a whore?”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 35:1-29

35:1 Elohim said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel, and live there. Make there an altar to Elohim, who appeared to you when you fled from the face of Esau your brother.” 2 Then Jacob said to his household, and to all who were with him, “Put away the foreign elohim that are among you, purify yourselves, and change your garments. 3 Let’s arise, and go up to Bethel. I will make there an altar to Elohim, who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me on the way which I went.” 4 They gave to Jacob all the foreign elohim which were in their hands, and the rings which were in their ears; and Jacob hid them under the oak which was by Shechem. 5 They traveled, and a terror of Elohim was on the cities that were around them, and they didn’t pursue the sons of Jacob. 6 So Jacob came to Luz, that is, Bethel, which is in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him. 7 He built an altar there, and called the place El Beth El; because there Elohim was revealed to him, when he fled from the face of his brother. 8 Deborah, the nurse of Rebekah, died, and she was buried below Bethel under the oak; and its name was called Allon Bacuth. 9 Elohim appeared to Jacob again, when he came from Paddan Aram, and blessed him. 10 Elohim said to him, “Your name is Jacob. Your name shall not be Jacob any more, but your name will be Israel.” He named him Israel. 11 Elohim said to him, “I am El Shaddai. Be fruitful and multiply. A nation and an assembly of nations will be from you, and kings will come out of your body. 12 The land which I gave to Abraham and Isaac, I will give it to you, and to your seed after you I will give the land.” 13 Elohim went up from him in the place where he spoke with him. 14 Jacob set up a pillar in the place where he spoke with him, a pillar of stone. He poured out a libation offering on it, and poured oil on it. 15 Jacob called the name of the place where Elohim spoke with him “Bethel”. 16 They traveled from Bethel. There was still some distance to come to Ephrath, and Rachel travailed. She had hard labor. 17 When she was in hard labor, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for now you will have another son.” 18 As her soul was departing, for she died, she named him Benoni, but his father named him Benjamin. 19 Rachel died, and was buried on the way to Ephrath, also called Bethlehem. 20 Jacob set up a pillar on her grave. The same is the Pillar of the grave of Rachel to this day. 21 Israel traveled, and spread his tent beyond the tower of Eder. 22 While Israel lived in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard of it. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve. 23 The sons of Leah: Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob, Shimon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. 24 The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin. 25 The sons of Bilhah, the servant of Rachel: Dan and Naphtali. 26 The sons of Zilpah, the servant of Leah: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob, who were born to him in Paddan Aram. 27 Jacob came to Isaac his father, to Mamre, to Kiriath Arba, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac lived as foreigners. 28 The days of Isaac were one hundred eighty years. 29 Isaac gave up the spirit and died, and was gathered to his people, old and full of days. Esau and Jacob, his sons, buried him.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 36:1-43

36:1 These are the birthings of Esau, that is, Edom. 2 Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah the daughter of Elon, the Hittite; and Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon, the Hivite; 3 and Basemath, Ishmael's daughter, sister of Nebaioth. 4 Adah bore to Esau Eliphaz. Basemath bore Reuel. 5 Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Qorach. These are the sons of Esau, who were born to him in the land of Canaan. 6 Esau took his wives, his sons, his daughters, and all the members of his household, with his livestock, all his animals, and all his possessions, which he had gathered in the land of Canaan, and went [out from the land of Canaan](LXX)(SP)(mss) away from his brother Jacob. 7 For their substance was too great for them to dwell together, and the land of their travels couldn't bear them because of their livestock. 8 Esau lived in the hill country of Seir. Esau is Edom. 9 These are the birthings of Esau the father of the Edomites in the hill country of Seir: 10 these are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz, the son of Adah, the wife of Esau; and Reuel, the son of Basemath, the wife of Esau. 11 The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz. 12 Timna was concubine to Eliphaz, Esau's son; and she bore to Eliphaz Amalek. These are the descendants of Adah, Esau's wife. 13 These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Basemath, Esau's wife. 14 These were the sons of Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: she bore to Esau Jeush, Jalam, and Qorach. 15 These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn of Esau: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, 16 chief Qorach, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs who came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Adah. 17 These are the sons of Reuel, Esau's son: chief Nahath, chief Zerah, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs who came of Reuel in the land of Edom. These are the sons of Basemath, Esau's wife. 18 These are the sons of Oholibamah, Esau's wife: chief Jeush, chief Jalam, chief Qorach. These are the chiefs who came of Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife. 19 These are the sons of Esau, that is, Edom, and these are their chiefs. 20 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, 21 Dishon, Ezer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs who came of the Horites, the sons of Seir in the land of Edom. 22 The sons of Lotan were Hori and Heman. Lotan's sister was Timna. 23 These are the sons of Shobal: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. 24 These are the sons of Zibeon: Aiah and Anah. This is Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness, as he fed the donkeys of Zibeon his father. 25 These are the sons of Anah: Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah. 26 These are the sons of Dishon: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran, and Cheran. 27 These are the sons of Ezer: Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. 28 These are the sons of Dishan: Uz and Aran. 29 These are the chiefs who came of the Horites: chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief Zibeon, chief Anah, 30 chief Dishon, chief Ezer, and chief Dishan. These are the chiefs who came of the Horites, according to their chiefs in the land of Seir. 31 These are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the sons of Israel. 32 [Balak],(LXX) the son of Beor, reigned in Edom. The name of his city was Dinhabah. 33 [Balak](LXX) died, and Jobab, the son of Zerah of Bozrah, reigned in his place. 34 Jobab died, and Husham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his place. 35 Husham died, and Hadad, the son of Bedad, who struck Midian in the field of Moab, reigned in his place. The name of his city was Avith. 36 Hadad died, and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in his place. 37 Samlah died, and Shaul of Rehoboth by the river, reigned in his place. 38 Shaul died, and Baal Hanan the son of Achbor reigned in his place. 39 Baal Hanan the son of Achbor died, and [Hadad](LXX) reigned in his place. The name of his city was Pau. His wife's name was Mehetabel, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mezahab. 40 These are the names of the chiefs who came from Esau, according to their families, after their places, and by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Jetheth, 41 chief Oholibamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon, 42 chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar, 43 chief Magdiel, and chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their habitations in the land of their possession. This is Esau, the father of the Edomites.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 37:1-36

37:1 Jacob lived in the land of his father's travels, in the land of Canaan. 2 These are the birthings of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. Joseph brought [their](MTT) evil slander to their father. 3 Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his sons, because he was the son of his old age, and he made him a tunic [of many colors].(LXX) 4 His brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him, and couldn't speak peaceably to him. 5 Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it to his brothers, and they hated him all the more. 6 He said to them, “Please hear this dream which I have dreamed: 7 for behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and behold, my sheaf arose and also stood upright; and behold, your sheaves came around, and bowed down to my sheaf.” 8 His brothers asked him, “Will you indeed reign over us? Will you indeed rule over us?” They hated him all the more for his dreams and for his words. 9 He dreamed yet another dream, and told it [to his father and](LXX) to his brothers, and said, “Behold, I have dreamed yet another dream: and behold, the sun and the moon and eleven stars bowed down to me.” 10 He told it to his father and to his brothers. His father rebuked him, and said to him, “What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will I and your mother and your brothers indeed come to bow ourselves down to the land before you?” 11 His brothers envied him, but his father guarded the word. 12 His brothers went to feed their father's flock in Shechem. 13 Israel said to Joseph, “Aren't your brothers feeding the flock in Shechem? Come, and I will send you to them.” He said to him, “Here I am.” 14 He said to him, “Go now, see whether it is well with your brothers, and well with the flock; and bring me word again.” So he sent him out of the valley of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. 15 A certain man found him, and behold, he was wandering in the field. The man asked him, “What are you looking for?” 16 He said, “I am looking for my brothers. Tell me, please, where they are feeding the flock.” 17 The man said, “They have left here, for I heard them say, ‘Let's go to Dothan.' ” Joseph went after his brothers, and found them in Dothan. 18 They saw him afar off, and before he came near to them, they [acted craftily with him](LXX) to kill him. 19 They said to one another, “Behold, this dreamer comes. 20 Come now therefore, and let's kill him, and cast him into one of the pits, and we will say, ‘An evil animal has devoured him.' We will see what will become of his dreams.” 21 Reuben heard it, and delivered him out of their hand, and said, “Let's not take his life.” 22 Reuben said to them, “Shed no blood. Throw him into this pit that is in the wilderness, but lay no hand on him”—that he might deliver him out of their hand, to restore him to his father. 23 When Joseph came to his brothers, they stripped Joseph of his tunic, the tunic that was on him; 24 and they took him, and threw him into the pit. The pit was empty. There was no water in it. 25 They sat down to eat bread, and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites was coming from Gilead, with their camels bearing spices and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt. 26 Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is it if we kill our brother and conceal his blood? 27 Come, and let's sell him to the Ishmaelites, and not let our hand be on him; for he is our brother, our flesh.” His brothers listened to him. 28 Midianites who were merchants passed by, and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The merchants brought Joseph into Egypt. 29 Reuben returned to the pit, and saw that Joseph wasn't in the pit; and he tore his clothes. 30 He returned to his brothers, and said, “The child is no more; and I, where will I go?” 31 They took Joseph's tunic, and killed a male goat, and dipped the tunic in the blood. 32 They took the tunic, and they brought it to their father, and said, “We have found this. Examine it, now, and see if it is your son's tunic or not.” 33 He recognized it, and said, “It is my son's tunic. An evil animal has devoured him. Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.” 34 Jacob tore his clothes, and put sackcloth on his waist, and mourned for his son many days. 35 All his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. He said, “For I will go down to Sheol to my son, mourning.” His father wept for him. 36 The [Midianites](LXX) sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, [the eunuch](LXX)(mss) of Pharaoh, the ruler of the slaughterers.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 38:1-30

38:1 And it came to pass, in that time, Judah went down from his brothers, and visited a certain Adullamite, whose name was Hirah. 2 There, Judah saw the daughter of a certain Canaanite man named Shua. He took her, and went in to her. 3 She conceived, and bore a son; and he named him Er. 4 She conceived again, and bore a son; and she named him Onan. 5 She yet again bore a son, and named him Shelah. He was at Chezib when she bore him. 6 Judah took a wife for Er, his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. 7 Er, the firstborn of Judah, was wicked in the sight of YHWH. So [Elohim](LXX) killed him. 8 Judah said to Onan, “Go in to your brother's wife, and perform the duty of a husband's brother to her, and raise up seed for your brother.” 9 Onan knew that the seed wouldn't be his; and when he went in to his brother's wife, he corrupted on the land, lest he should give seed to his brother. 10 The thing which he did was evil in the sight of YHWH, and [Elohim](LXX) killed him also. 11 Then Judah said to Tamar, his daughter-in-law, “Remain a widow in your father's house, until Shelah, my son, is grown up;” for he said, “Lest he also die, like his brothers.” Tamar went and lived in her father's house. 12 After many days, the daughter of Shua, the wife of Judah, died. Judah was comforted, and went up to his sheep shearers to Timnah, he and his shepherd Hirah, the Adullamite. 13 Tamar was told, “Behold, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep.” 14 She took off the garments of her widowhood, and covered herself with her veil, and wrapped herself, and sat in the gate of Enaim, which is on the way to Timnah; for she saw that Shelah was grown up, and she wasn't given to him as a wife. 15 When Judah saw her, he thought that she was a whore, for she had covered her face. 16 He turned to her by the way, and said, “Please come, let me come in to you,” for he didn't know that she was his daughter-in-law. She said, “What will you give me, that you may come in to me?” 17 He said, “I will send you a young goat from the flock.” She said, “Will you give me a pledge, until you send it?” 18 He said, “What pledge will I give you?” She said, “Your signet and your cord, and your staff that is in your hand.” He gave them to her, and came in to her, and she conceived by him. 19 She arose, and went away, and put off her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. 20 Judah sent the young goat by the hand of his shepherd, the Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the hand of the woman, but he didn't find her. 21 Then he asked the men of her place, saying, “Where is the whore, that was at Enaim by the road?” They said, “There has been no whore here.” 22 He returned to Judah, and said, “I haven't found her; and also the men of the place said, ‘There has been no whore here.' ” 23 Judah said, “Let her keep it, lest we be shamed. Behold, I sent this young goat, and you haven't found her.” 24 About three months later, Judah was told, “Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has whored. Moreover, behold, she is with child by whoring.” Judah said, “Bring her out, and let her be burned.” 25 When she was brought out, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, “I am with child by the man who owns these.” She also said, “Please discern whose these are—the signet, and the cords, and the staff.” 26 Judah acknowledged them, and said, “She is more righteous than I, because I didn't give her to Shelah, my son.” He knew her again no more. 27 In the time of her travail, behold, twins were in her womb. 28 When she travailed, one put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, “This came out first.” 29 As he drew back his hand, behold, his brother came out, and she said, “Why have you made a breach for yourself?” Therefore his name was called Perez. 30 Afterward his brother came out, who had the scarlet thread on his hand, and his name was called Zerah.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 39:1-23

39:1 Joseph was brought down to Egypt. Potiphar, a [eunuch](LXX)(MTT) of Pharaoh, the chief of the cooks, an Egyptian, bought him from the hand of the Ishmaelites that had brought him down there. 2 YHWH was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man. He was in the house of his master the Egyptian. 3 His master saw that [Elohim](LXX) was with him, and that [Elohim](LXX) made all that he did prosper in his hand. 4 Joseph found favor in [the sight of his master].(LXX)(SP) He served him, and Potiphar set him over his house, and all that he had he put into his hand. 5 From the time that he set him over his house, and over all that he had, YHWH blessed the house of the Egyptian for the sake of Joseph. the blessing of YHWH was on all that he had, in the house and in the field. 6 He left all that he had in the hand of Joseph. He didn't concern himself with anything, except for the food which he ate. Joseph was [handsome in form, and exceedingly beautiful in appearance].(LXX) 7 After these things, the wife of his master set her eyes on Joseph; and she said, “Lie with me.” 8 But he refused, and said to the wife of his master, “Behold, my master doesn't know what is with me in the house, and he has put all that he has into my hand. 9 No one is greater in this house than I am, and he has not kept back anything from me but you, because you are his wife. How then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against Elohim?” 10 As she spoke to Joseph day by day, he didn't listen to her, to lie by her, or to be with her. 11 About this time, he went into the house to do his work, and there were none of the men of the house inside. 12 She caught him by his garment, saying, “Lie with me!” He left his garment in her hand, and ran outside. 13 When she saw that he had left his garment in her hand, and had run outside, 14 she called to the men of her house, and spoke to them, saying, “Behold, he has brought a Hebrew in to us to mock us. He came in to me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice. 15 When he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried, he left his garment by me, and ran outside.” 16 She laid up his garment by her, until his master came home. 17 She spoke to him according to these words, saying, “The Hebrew servant, whom you have brought to us, came in to me to mock me, [and said to me, "Let me sleep with you."](LXX) 18 And as I lifted up my voice and cried, he left his garment by me, and ran outside.” 19 When his master heard the words of his wife, which she spoke to him, saying, “This is what your servant did to me,” his wrath was kindled. 20 The master of Joseph took him, and put him into the prison house, the place where the prisoners of the king were bound, and he was there in the prison house. 21 But [Elohim](LXX) was with Joseph, and showed kindness to him, and gave him favor in the sight of the chief of the prison house. 22 The chief of the prison house committed to the hand of  Joseph all the prisoners who were in the prison. Whatever they did there, he was responsible for it. 23 The chief of the prison house didn't look after anything that was under his hand, because [Elohim](LXX) was with him; and that which he did, [Elohim](LXX) made it prosper.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 40:1-23

40:1 After these things, the butler of the king of Egypt and his baker sinned against their lord, the king of Egypt. 2 Pharaoh was angry with his two [eunuchs],(LXX)(MTT) the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. 3 He put them in custody in the house of the chief of the cooks, into the prison house, the place where Joseph was bound. 4 The chief of the cooks assigned them to Joseph, and he took care of them. They stayed in prison many days. 5 They both dreamed a dream, each man his dream, in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the cupbearer and the baker of the king of Egypt, who were bound in the prison house. 6 Joseph came in to them in the morning, and saw them, and saw that they were sad. 7 He asked Pharaoh's [eunuchs](LXX)(MTT) who were with him in custody in his master's house, saying, “Why do you look so sad today?” 8 They said to him, “We have dreamed a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it.” Joseph said to them, “Don't interpretations belong to Elohim? Please tell it to me.” 9 The chief cupbearer told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, “In my dream, behold, a vine was in front of me, 10 and in the vine were three branches. It was as though it budded, it blossomed, and its clusters produced ripe grapes. 11 Pharaoh's cup was in my hand; and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.” 12 Joseph said to him, “This is its interpretation: the three branches are three days. 13 Within three more days, Pharaoh will lift up your head, and restore you to your office. You will give Pharaoh's cup into his hand, the way you did when you were his cupbearer. 14 But remember me when it is well with you. Please show kindness to me, and make mention of me to Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house. 15 For indeed, I was stolen away out of the land of the Hebrews, and here also I have done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon.” 16 When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said to Joseph, “I also was in my dream, and behold, three baskets of white bread were on my head. 17 In the uppermost basket there were all kinds of baked food for Pharaoh, and the birds ate them out of the basket on my head.” 18 Joseph answered, “This is its interpretation. The three baskets are three days. 19 Within three more days, Pharaoh will lift up your head from off you, and will hang you on a tree; and the birds will eat your flesh from off you.” 20 On the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, he made a feast for all his servants, and he lifted up the head of the chief cupbearer and the head of the chief baker among his servants. 21 He restored the chief cupbearer to his position again, and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand; 22 but he hanged the chief baker, as Joseph had interpreted to them. 23 Yet the chief cupbearer didn't remember Joseph, but forgot him.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 41:1-57

41:1 At the end of two full years, Pharaoh dreamed, and behold, he stood by the river. 2 Behold, seven cattle came up out of the river. They were sleek and fat, and they fed in the marsh grass. 3 Behold, seven other cattle came up after them out of the river, ugly and thin, and stood by the other cattle on the brink of the river. 4 The ugly and thin cattle ate up the seven sleek and fat cattle. So Pharaoh awoke. 5 He slept and dreamed a second time; and behold, seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, healthy and good. 6 Behold, seven heads of grain, thin and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them. 7 The thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven healthy and full ears. Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream. 8 In the morning, his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all of the magicians of Egypt and wise men. Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was no one who could interpret them to Pharaoh. 9 Then the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I remember my sins today. 10 Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the chief of the cooks, with the chief baker. 11 We dreamed a dream in one night, he and I. Each man dreamed according to the interpretation of his dream. 12 There was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the chief of the cooks, and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams. He interpreted to each man according to his dream. 13 As he interpreted to us, so it was. He restored me to my office, and he hanged him.” 14 Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon. He shaved himself, changed his clothing, and came in to Pharaoh. 15 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have dreamed a dream, and there is no one who can interpret it. I have heard it said of you, that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.” 16 Joseph answered Pharaoh, saying, “[Without me, Elohim will give no answer concerning the welfare of Pharaoh.]”(DSS) 17 Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, “In my dream, behold, I stood on the brink of the river; 18 and behold, seven fat and sleek cattle came up out of the river. They fed in the marsh grass; 19 and behold, seven other cattle came up after them, helpless and very ugly and thin, such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for ugliness. 20 The thin and ugly cattle ate up the first seven fat cattle; 21 and when they had eaten them up, it couldn't be known that they had eaten them, but they were still ugly, as at the beginning. So I awoke. 22 [And I fell asleep](LXX) and I saw in my dream, and behold, seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, full and good; 23 and behold, seven heads of grain, withered, thin, and blasted with the east wind, sprung up after them. 24 [And the seven](LXX) thin heads of grain swallowed up the seven good heads of grain. I told it to the magicians, but there was no one who could explain it to me.” 25 Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dream of Pharaoh is one. What [the Elohim](MTT) does is told to Pharaoh. 26 The seven good cattle are seven years; and the seven good heads of grain are seven years. The dream is one. 27 The seven thin and ugly cattle that came up after them are seven years, and also the seven empty heads of grain blasted with the east wind; they will be seven years of famine. 28 That is the thing which I have spoken to Pharaoh. [And the word which I have said to Pharaoh, [the Elohim](MTT) will do as much to show to Pharaoh.](LXX) 29 Behold, seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt are coming. 30 Seven years of famine will arise after them, and all the plenty will be forgotten in the land of Egypt. The famine will consume the land, 31 and the plenty will not be known in the land by reason of that famine which follows; for it will be very grievous. 32 The dream was doubled to Pharaoh, because the thing is established by [the Elohim],(MTT) and [the Elohim](MTT) will shortly bring it to pass. 33 “Now therefore let Pharaoh look for a discreet and wise man, and set him over the land of Egypt. 34 Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint overseers over the land, and [they should](LXX) take up the fifth part [of all the produce](LXX) of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years. 35 Let them gather all the food of these good years that come, and store grain under the hand of Pharaoh for food in the cities, and let them keep it. 36 The food will be to supply the land against the seven years of famine, which will be in the land of Egypt; so that the land will not perish through the famine.” 37 The thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants. 38 Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of Elohim?” 39 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Because Elohim has made known to you all of this, there is no one so discreet and wise as you. 40 You shall be over my house and at your mouth all my people shall kiss. Only in the throne I will be greater than you.” 41 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Behold, I have set you over all the land of Egypt.” 42 Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand, and put it on the hand of Joseph, and arrayed him in robes of fine linen, and put a gold chain about his neck. 43 He made him ride in the second chariot which he had. They cried before him, “Bend the knee!” He set him over all the land of Egypt. 44 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I am Pharaoh. Without you, no man shall lift up his hand or his foot in all the land of Egypt.” 45 Pharaoh called the name of Joseph Zaphenath-Paneah. He gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On as a wife. Joseph went out over the land of Egypt. 46 Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt. Joseph went out from the face of Pharaoh, and went throughout all the land of Egypt. 47 In the seven plenteous years the land produced by handfuls. 48 He gathered up all the food of the seven years [when there was abundance](LXX) in the land of Egypt, and laid up the food in the cities. He stored food in each city from the fields around that city. 49 Joseph laid up grain as the sand of the sea, very much, until he stopped counting, for it was without number. 50 To Joseph were born two sons before the year of famine came, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, bore to him. 51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh, “For”, he said, “Elohim has made me forget all my toil, and all my father's house.” 52 The name of the second, he called Ephraim: “For Elohim has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.” 53 The seven years of plenty, that were in the land of Egypt, came to an end. 54 The seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said. There was famine in all lands, but in all the land of Egypt there was bread. 55 When all the land of Egypt was famished, the people cried to Pharaoh for bread, and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph. What he says to you, do.” 56 The famine was over all the surface of the land. Joseph opened all the store houses [of grain],(LXX) and sold to the Egyptians. The famine was severe in the land of Egypt. 57 All countries came into Egypt, to Joseph, to buy grain, because the famine was severe in all the land.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 42:1-38

42:1 Now Jacob saw that there was grain in Egypt, and Jacob said to his sons, “Why do you look at one another?” 2 He said, “Behold, I have heard that there is grain in Egypt. Go down there, and buy for us from there, so that we may live, and not die.” 3 The ten brothers of Joseph went down to buy grain from Egypt. 4 But Jacob didn't send Benjamin, the brother of Joseph, with his brothers; for he said, “Lest perhaps harm happen to him.” 5 The sons of Israel came to buy [grain](LXX) among those who came, for the famine was in the land of Canaan. 6 Joseph was the governor over the land. It was he who sold to all the people of the land. The brothers of Joseph came, and bowed themselves down to him with their faces to the land. 7 Joseph saw his brothers, and he recognized them, but acted like a stranger to them, and spoke roughly with them. He said to them, “Where did you come from?” They said, “From the land of Canaan, to buy food.” 8 Joseph recognized his brothers, but they didn't recognize him. 9 Joseph remembered the dreams which he dreamed about them, and said to them, “You are spies! You have come to see the nakedness of the land.” 10 They said to him, “No, my lord, but your servants have come to buy food. 11 We are all the house of one man; we are [peaceable](LXX) men. Your servants are not spies.” 12 He said to them, “No, but you have come to see the nakedness of the land!” 13 They said, “We, your servants, are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and behold, the youngest is today with our father, and one is no more.” 14 Joseph said to them, “It is like I told you, saying, ‘You are spies!' 15 By this you shall be tested. By the life of Pharaoh, you shall not go out from here, unless your youngest brother comes here. 16 Send one of you, and let him get your brother, and you shall be bound, that your words may be tested, whether there is truth in you, or else by the life of Pharaoh surely you are spies.” 17 He put them all together into custody for three days. 18 Joseph said to them the third day, “Do this, and live, for I fear [the Elohim].(MTT) 19 If you are [peaceable](LXX) men, then let one of your brothers be bound in your prison; but you go [and](LXX) carry grain for the famine of your houses. 20 Bring your youngest brother to me; so will your words be verified, and you won't die.” They did so. 21 They said to one another, “We are certainly guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the distress of his soul, when he begged us, and we wouldn't listen. Therefore this distress has come upon us.” 22 Reuben answered them, saying, “Didn't I tell you, saying, ‘Don't sin against the child,' and you wouldn't listen? Therefore also, behold, his blood is required.” 23 They didn't know that Joseph understood them; for there was a translator between them. 24 He turned himself away from them, and wept. Then he returned to them, and spoke to them, and took Shimon from among them, and bound him before their eyes. 25 Then Joseph gave a command to fill their bags with grain, and to restore the money of each man into his sack, and to give them food for the way. So it was done to them. 26 They loaded their donkeys with their grain, and departed from there. 27 As one of them opened his sack to give his donkey food in the lodging place, he saw his money. Behold, it was in the mouth of his sack. 28 He said to his brothers, “My money is restored! Behold, it is in my sack!” Their hearts failed them, and they turned trembling to one another, saying, “What is this that Elohim has done to us?” 29 They came to Jacob their father, to the land of Canaan, and told him all that had happened to them, saying, 30 “The man, the lord of the land, spoke roughly with us, and took us [in custody](LXX) for spies of the country. 31 We said to him, ‘We are [peaceable](LXX) men. We are no spies. 32 We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; one is no more, and the youngest is today with our father in the land of Canaan.' 33 The man, the lord of the land, said to us, ‘By this I will know that you are [peaceable](LXX) men: leave one of your brothers with me, and take [grain](LXX) for the famine of your houses, and go your way. 34 Bring your youngest brother to me. Then I will know that you are not spies, but that you are [peaceable](LXX) men. So I will deliver your brother to you, and you shall trade in the land.' ” 35 As they emptied their sacks, behold, every man's bundle of money was in his sack. When they and their father saw their bundles of money, they were afraid. 36 Jacob, their father, said to them, “You have bereaved me of my children! Joseph is no more, Shimon is no more, and you want to take Benjamin away. All these things are against me.” 37 Reuben spoke to his father, saying, “Kill my two sons, if I don't bring him to you. Entrust him to my care, and I will bring him to you again.” 38 He said, “My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he only is left. If harm happens to him along the way in which you go, then you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 43:1-34

43:1 The famine was severe in the land. 2 When they had eaten up the grain which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said to them, “Go again, buy us a little more food.” 3 Judah spoke to him, saying, “The man solemnly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.' 4 If you'll send our brother with us, we'll go down and buy you food; 5 but if you don't send him, we won't go down, for the man said to us, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.' ” 6 Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?” 7 They said, “The man asked directly concerning ourselves, and concerning our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?' We just answered his questions. Is there any way we could know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down?' ” 8 Judah said to Israel, his father, “Send the boy with me, and we'll get up and go, so that we may live, and not die, both we, and you, and also our little ones. 9 I'll be collateral for him. From my hand will you require him. If I don't bring him to you, and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever; 10 for if we hadn't delayed, surely we would have returned a second time by now.” 11 Their father, Israel, said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take from the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man, a little balm, a little honey, spices and myrrh, nuts, and almonds; 12 and take double money in your hand, and take back the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Perhaps it was an oversight. 13 Take your brother also, get up, and return to the man. 14 May El Shaddai give you mercy before the man, that he may release to you your other brother and Benjamin. If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.” 15 The men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and got up, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph. 16 When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, “Bring the men into the house, and butcher an animal, and prepare; for the men will dine with me at noon.” 17 The man did as Joseph commanded, and the man brought the men to the house of Joseph. 18 The men were afraid, because they were brought to the house of Joseph; and they said, “Because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time, we're brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, attack us, and seize us as slaves, along with our donkeys.” 19 They came near to the steward of the house of Joseph, and they spoke to him at the door of the house, 20 and said, “Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food. 21 When we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and behold, each man's money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. We have brought it back in our hand. 22 We have brought down other money in our hand to buy food. We don't know who put our money in our sacks.” 23 He said, “Peace be to you. Don't be afraid. Your Elohim, and the Elohim of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.” He brought Shimon out to them. 24 The man brought the men into the house of Joseph, and gave them water, and they washed their feet. He gave their donkeys fodder. 25 They prepared the gift for the coming of Joseph at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there. 26 When Joseph came home, they brought him the gift which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves down to him with their [face](LXX) to the ground. 27 Then he asked them of their peace, and said, "How is the peace of your father, the bearded man which you said, is he yet living?" 28 They said, peace to your servant, our father, he is yet living. [Then he said, "Blessed be that man by Elohim."](LXX)(SP) and he bowed the head and bent himself down. 29 He lifted up his eyes, and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother's son, and said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” He said, “Elohim be gracious to you, my son.” 30 Joseph hurried, for his bowels yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there. 31 He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, “Set the bread in place.” 32 They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because the Egyptians don't eat with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians. 33 They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled with one another. 34 He sent portions to them from before him, but the portion of Benjamin was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank, and became drunk with him.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 44:1-34

44:1 He commanded the steward of his house, saying, “Fill the men’s sacks with food, as much as they can carry, and put each man’s money in his sack’s mouth. 2 Put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack’s mouth of the youngest, with his grain money.” He did according to the word that Joseph had spoken. 3 As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their donkeys. 4 When they had gone out of the city, and were not yet far off, Joseph said to his steward, “Up, follow after the men. When you overtake them, ask them, ‘Why have you rewarded evil for good? 5 [Why have you stolen my silver cup?](LXX) Isn’t this that from which my lord drinks, and by which he indeed divines? You have done evil in so doing.’ ” 6 He overtook them, and he spoke these words to them. 7 They said to him, “Why does my lord speak such words as these? Far be it from your servants that they should do such a thing! 8 Behold, the money, which we found in our sacks’ mouths, we brought again to you out of the land of Canaan. How then should we steal silver or gold out of your lord’s house? 9 With whomever of your servants it is found, let him die, and we also will be my lord’s slaves.” 10 He said, “Now also let it be according to your words. He with whom it is found will be my slave; and you will be blameless.” 11 Then they hurried, and each man took his sack down to the ground, and each man opened his sack. 12 He searched, beginning with the oldest, and ending at the youngest. The cup was found in the sack of Benjamin. 13 Then they tore their clothes, and each man loaded his donkey, and returned to the city. 14 Judah and his brothers came to the house of Joseph, and he was still there. They fell on the ground before him. 15 Joseph said to them, “What deed is this that you have done? Don’t you know that such a man as I can indeed do divination?” 16 Judah said, “What will we tell my lord? What will we speak? How will we clear ourselves? Elohim has found out the iniquity of your servants. Behold, we are my lord’s slaves, both we and he also in whose hand the cup is found.” 17 He said, “Far be it from me that I should do so. The man in whose hand the cup is found, he will be my slave; but as for you, go up in peace to your father.” 18 Then Judah came near to him, and said, “Oh, my lord, please let your servant speak a word in my lord's ears, and don't let your anger burn against your servant; for you are even as Pharaoh. 19 My lord asked his servants, saying, ‘Have you a father, or a brother?' 20 We said to my lord, ‘We have a father, a bearded man, and a child of his old age, a little one; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of his mother; and his father loves him.' 21 You said to your servants, ‘Bring him down to me, that I may set my eyes on him.' 22 We said to my lord, ‘The boy can't leave his father, for if he should leave his father, his father would die.' 23 You said to your servants, ‘Unless your youngest brother comes down with you, you will see my face no more.' 24 When we came up to your servant my father, we told him the words of my lord. 25 Our father said, ‘Go again and buy us a little food.' 26 We said, ‘We can't go down. If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go down: for we may not see the man's face, unless our youngest brother is with us.' 27 Your servant, my father, said to us, ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons. 28 One went out from me, and I said, “Surely he is torn in pieces;” and I haven't seen him since. 29 If you take this one also from me, and harm happens to him, you will bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol.' 30 Now therefore when I come to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us; since his life is bound up in the boy's life; 31 it will happen, when he sees that the boy is not [with us],(LXX)(SP)  that he will die. Your servants will bring down the gray hairs of your servant, our father, with sorrow to Sheol. 32 For your servant became surety for the boy to my father, saying, ‘If I don't bring him to you, then I will bear the blame to my father forever.' 33 Now therefore, please let your servant stay instead of the boy, my lord's slave; and let the boy go up with his brothers. 34 For how will I go up to my father, if the boy isn't with me?—lest I see the evil that will come on my father.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 45:1-28

45:1 Then Joseph couldn’t restrain himself before all those who stood before him, and he called out, “Cause everyone to go out from me!” No one else stood with him, while Joseph made himself known to his brothers. 2 He wept aloud. The Egyptians heard, and the house of Pharaoh heard. 3 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Does my father still live?” His brothers couldn’t answer him; for they were troubled at his presence. 4 Joseph said to his brothers, “Come near to me, please.” They came near. He said, “I am Joseph, your brother, whom you sold into Egypt. 5 Now don’t be grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that you sold me here, for Elohim sent me before you to preserve life. 6 For these two years the famine has been in the land, and there are yet five years, in which there will be no plowing and no harvest. 7 Elohim sent me before you to preserve for you a remnant in the land, and to save you alive by a great escape. 8 So now it wasn’t you who sent me here, but Elohim, and he has made me a father to Pharaoh, lord of all his house, and ruler over all the land of Egypt. 9 Hurry, and go up to my father, and tell him, ‘This is what your son Joseph says, “Elohim has made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me. Don’t wait. 10 You shall dwell in the land of Goshen, and you will be near to me, you, your children, your children’s children, your flocks, your herds, and all that you have. 11 There I will provide for you; for there are yet five years of famine; lest you come to poverty, you, and your household, and all that you have.” ’ 12 Behold, your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin, that it is my mouth that speaks to you. 13 You shall tell my father of all my glory in Egypt, and of all that you have seen. You shall hurry and bring my father down here.” 14 He fell on the neck of Benjamin his brother and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck. 15 He kissed all his brothers, and wept on them. After that his brothers talked with him. 16 The voice of it was heard in the house of Pharaoh, saying, “The brothers of Joseph have come.” It pleased Pharaoh well, and his servants. 17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Tell your brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals, and go, travel to the land of Canaan. 18 Take your father and your households, and come to me, and I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.’ 19 Now you are commanded to do this: Take wagons out of the land of Egypt for your little ones, and for your wives, and bring your father, and come. 20 Also, don’t concern yourselves about your belongings, for the good of all the land of Egypt is yours.” 21 The sons of Israel did so. Joseph gave them wagons, according to the commandment of Pharaoh, and gave them provision for the way. 22 He gave each one of them changes of clothing, but to Benjamin he gave three hundred pieces of silver and five changes of clothing. 23 He sent the following to his father: ten donkeys loaded with the good things of Egypt, and ten female donkeys loaded with grain and bread and provision for his father by the way. 24 So he sent his brothers away, and they departed. He said to them, “See that you don’t quarrel on the way.” 25 They went up out of Egypt, and came into the land of Canaan, to Jacob their father. 26 They told him, saying, “Joseph is still alive, and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt.” His heart was numb, for he didn’t believe them. 27 They told him all the words of Joseph, which he had said to them. When he saw the wagons which Joseph had sent to carry him, the spirit of Jacob, their father, revived. 28 Israel said, “It is abundant. Joseph my son is still alive. I will go and see him before I die.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 46:1-34

46:1 Israel traveled with all that he had, and came to Beersheba, and offered sacrifices to the Elohim of his father, Isaac. 2 Elohim spoke to Israel in the [vision](LXX) of the night, and said, “Jacob, Jacob!” He said, “Here I am.” 3 He said, “I am Elohim, the Elohim of your father. Don’t be afraid to go down into Egypt, for there I will make of you a great nation. 4 I will go down with you into Egypt. I will also surely bring you up again. the hand of Joseph will close your eyes.” 5 Jacob rose up from Beersheba, and the sons of Israel carried Jacob, their father, their little ones, and their wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry him. 6 They took their livestock, and their goods, which they had gotten in the land of Canaan, and came into Egypt—Jacob, and all his seed with him, 7 his sons, and his sons’ sons with him, his daughters, and his sons’ daughters, and he brought all his seed with him into Egypt. 8 These are the names of the sons of Israel, who came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob. 9 The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. 10 The sons of Shimon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman. 11 The sons of Levi: Gershon, Qohath, and Merari. 12 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The sons of Perez were Hezron and [Hamuel].(LXX)(SP) 13 The sons of Issachar: Tola, [Puah],(LXX)(SP) [Yashub],(LXX)(SP)(mss) and Shimron. 14 The sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel. 15 These are the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, with his daughter Dinah. All the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty-three. 16 The sons of Gad: [Zephon],(LXX) Haggi, [and](LXX)(mss) Shuni, Ezbon, [and](LXX) Eri, Arodi, and Areli. 17 The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister. The sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel. 18 These are the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah, his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob, even sixteen souls. 19 The sons of Rachel, the wife of Jacob: Joseph and Benjamin. 20 To Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore to him. 21 The sons of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, [and Ahiram],(cf. Numbers 26:38) [and Shuppim],(cf. 1 Chronicles 7:12; Numbers 26:39) and Huppim, and Ard. 22 These are the sons of Rachel, who were born to Jacob: all the souls were fourteen. 23 The son of Dan: [Shuham].(cf. Numbers 26:42) 24 The sons of Naphtali: Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. 25 These are the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel, his daughter, and these she bore to Jacob: all the souls were seven. 26 All the souls who came with Jacob into Egypt, who were his direct seed, in addition to the sons of the wives of Jacob, all the souls were sixty-six. 27 The sons of Joseph, who were born to him in Egypt, were two souls. All the souls of the house of Jacob, who came into Egypt, were [seventy-five].(LXX) 28 Jacob sent Judah before him to Joseph, to show the way before him to Goshen, and they came into the land of Goshen. 29 Joseph prepared his chariot, and went up to meet Israel, his father, in Goshen. He presented himself to him, and fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while. 30 Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die, since I have seen your face, that you are still alive.” 31 Joseph said to his brothers, and to his father's house, “I will go up, and speak with Pharaoh, and will tell him, ‘My brothers, and my father's house, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. 32 These men are feeders of sheep, for they have been keepers of livestock, and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have.' 33 It will happen, when Pharaoh summons you, and will say, ‘What is your occupation?' 34 that you shall say, ‘Your servants have been keepers of livestock from our youth even until now, both we, and our fathers:' that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every feeder of sheep is an abomination to the Egyptians.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 47:1-31

47:1 Then Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said, “My father and my brothers, with their flocks, their herds, and all that they own, have come out of the land of Canaan; and behold, they are in the land of Goshen.” 2 From among his brothers he took five men, and presented them to Pharaoh. 3 Pharaoh said to his brothers, “What is your occupation?” They said to Pharaoh, “Your servants are feeders of sheep, both we, and our fathers.” 4 They also said to Pharaoh, “We have come to live as foreigners in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants' flocks. For the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. Now therefore, please let your servants dwell in the land of Goshen.” 5 Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, “Your father and your brothers have come to you. 6 The land of Egypt is before you. Make your father and your brothers dwell in the best of the land. Let them dwell in the land of Goshen. If you know any able men among them, then put them in charge of my livestock.” 7 Joseph brought in Jacob, his father, and set him before Pharaoh; and Jacob blessed Pharaoh. 8 Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How old are you?” 9 Jacob said to Pharaoh, “The years of my pilgrimage are one hundred thirty years. The days of the years of my life have been few and evil. They have not attained to the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their pilgrimage.” 10 Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from the face of Pharaoh. 11 Joseph placed his father and his brothers, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. 12 Joseph provided his father, his brothers, and all of his father's household with bread, according to the sizes of their families. 13 There was no bread in all the land; for the famine was very severe, so that the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan fainted by reason of the famine. 14 Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the grain which they bought: and Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh's house. 15 When the money was all spent in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph, and said, “Give us bread, for why should we die in your face? For our money fails.” 16 Joseph said, “Give me your livestock; and I will give you [bread](LXX) for your livestock, if your money is gone.” 17 They brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them bread in exchange for the horses, and for the flocks, and for the herds, and for the donkeys: and he fed them with bread in exchange for all their livestock for that year. 18 When that year was ended, they came to him the second year, and said to him, “We will not hide from my lord how our money is all spent, and the herds of livestock are my lord's. There is nothing left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands. 19 Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land for bread, and we and our land will be servants to Pharaoh. Give us seed, that we may live, and not die, and that the land won't be desolate.” 20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for every man of the Egyptians sold his field, because the famine was severe on them, and the land became Pharaoh's. 21 As for the people, [he brought them into bondage](LXX) from one end of the border of Egypt even to the other end of it. 22 Only he didn't buy the land of the priests, for the priests had a portion from Pharaoh, and ate their portion which Pharaoh gave them. That is why they didn't sell their land. 23 Then Joseph said to the people, “Behold, I have bought you and your land today for Pharaoh. Behold, here is seed for you, and you shall sow the land. 24 It will happen at the harvests, that you shall give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts will be your own, for seed of the field, for your food, for them of your households, and for food for your little ones.” 25 They said, “You have saved our lives! Let us find favor in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh's servants.” 26 Joseph made it a statute concerning the land of Egypt to this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth. Only the land of the priests alone didn't become Pharaoh's. 27 Israel lived in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen; and they got themselves possessions therein, and were fruitful, and multiplied exceedingly. 28 Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. So the days of Jacob, the years of his life, were one hundred forty-seven years. 29 The time came near that Israel must die, and he called his son Joseph, and said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, please put your hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me. Please don't bury me in Egypt, 30 but when I sleep with my fathers, you shall carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their burying place.” Joseph said, “I will do as you have said.” 31 Israel said, “Swear to me,” and he swore to him. Then Israel bowed himself [on the head of his staff].(LXX)


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 48:1-22

48:1 After these things, someone said to Joseph, “Behold, your father is sick.” He took with him his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim[, he went to Jacob].(LXX) 2 Someone told Jacob, and said, “Behold, your son Joseph comes to you,” and Israel strengthened himself, and sat on the bed. 3 Jacob said to Joseph, “El Shaddai appeared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and blessed me, 4 and said to me, ‘Behold, I will make you fruitful, and multiply you, and I will make of you an assembly of peoples, and will give this land to your seed after you for an everlasting possession.' 5 Now your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you into Egypt, are mine; Ephraim and Manasseh, even as Reuben and Shimon, will be mine. 6 Your seed, whom you become the father of after them, will be yours. They will be called after the name of their brothers in their inheritance (cf. Genesis 50:23; Numbers 27:1; Joshua 13:29-31). 7 As for me, when I came from Paddan [Aram],(LXX)(SP) Rachel died beside me in the land of Canaan on the way, when there was still some distance to come to Ephrath, and I buried her there on the way to Ephrath, also called Bethlehem.” 8 Israel saw Joseph's sons, and said, “Who are these?” 9 Joseph said to his father, “They are my sons, whom Elohim has given me here.” He said, “Please bring them to me, and I will bless them.” 10 Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, so that he couldn't see well. Joseph brought them near to him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. 11 Israel said to Joseph, “I didn't think I would see your face, and behold, Elohim has let me see your seed also.” 12 Joseph brought them out from between his knees, and he bowed himself with his face to the land. 13 Joseph took them both, Ephraim in his right hand toward Israel's left hand, and Manasseh in his left hand toward Israel's right hand, and brought them near to him. 14 Israel stretched out his right hand, and laid it on Ephraim's head, who was the younger, and his left hand on Manasseh's head, guiding his hands wisely, for Manasseh was the firstborn. 15 He blessed Joseph, and said, “[The Elohim](MTT) before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, [the Elohim](MTT) who has fed me all my life long to this day, 16 the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads, and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. Let them grow into a multitude upon the land.” 17 When Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand on the head of Ephraim, it was evil in his eyes. He held up his father's hand, to remove it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's head. 18 Joseph said to his father, “Not so, my father, for this is the firstborn. Put your right hand on his head.” 19 His father refused, and said, “I know, my son, I know. He also will become a people, and he also will be great. However, his younger brother will be greater than he, and his seed will become the fullness of the nations.” 20 He blessed them that day, saying, “Israel will bless in you, saying, ‘Elohim make you as Ephraim and as Manasseh' ” He set Ephraim before Manasseh. 21 Israel said to Joseph, “Behold, I am dying, but Elohim will be with you, and bring you again to the land of your fathers. 22 Moreover I have given to you one portion above your brothers, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow.”


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 49:1-33

49:1 Jacob called to his sons, and said: “Gather yourselves together, that I may tell you that which will happen to you in the days to come. 2 Assemble yourselves, and hear, you sons of Jacob. Listen to Israel, your father. 3 “Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in dignity, and excelling in power. 4 Boiling over like water, you shall not excel, because you went up to your father's bed, then defiled it. He went up to my couch. 5 “Shimon and Levi are brothers. Utensils of violence are their [caves].(MTT) 6 My soul, don't come into their council. My glory, don't be united to their assembly; for in their anger they killed men. In their will they hamstrung cattle. 7 Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel. I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel. 8 “Judah, your brothers will praise you. Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies. Your father's sons will bow down before you. 9 Judah is a lion's cub. From the prey, my son, you have gone up. He stooped down, he crouched as a lion, as a lioness. Who will rouse him up? 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler's staff from between his feet, [until Shiloh he comes to whom it belongs].(LXX)(SP)(mss) The obedience of the peoples will be to him. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, his donkey's colt to the choice vine, he has washed his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes. 12 His eyes will be red with wine, his teeth white with milk. 13 “Zebulun will dwell at the haven of the sea. He will be for a haven of ships. His border will be on Sidon. 14 “Issachar is a strong donkey, lying down between the saddlebags. 15 He saw a resting place, that it was good, the land, that it was pleasant. He bows his shoulder to the burden, and becomes a servant doing forced labor. 16 “Dan will judge his people, as one of the tribes of Israel. 17 Dan will be a serpent on the trail, an adder in the path, that bites the horse's heels, so that his rider falls backward. 18 I have waited for your salvation, [Elohim].(mss) 19 “A troop will press on Gad, but he will press on their heel. 20 “Asher's food will be rich. He will produce royal dainties. 21 “Naphtali is a doe set free, who bears beautiful fawns. 22 “Joseph is a fruitful vine, a fruitful vine by a spring. His branches run over the wall. 23 The archers have severely grieved him, shot at him, and persecuted him: 24 But his bow remained strong. The arms of his hands were made strong, by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, [by the name](LXX) of the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel, 25 even by the Elohim of your father, who will help you, by [El Shaddai],(mss) who will bless you, with blessings of the heavens above, blessings of the deep that lies below, blessings of the breasts, and of the womb. 26 The blessings of your father have prevailed above the blessings of [ancient mountains],(LXX) above the boundaries of the ancient hills. They will be on the head of Joseph, on the crown of the head of him who is separated from his brothers. 27 “Benjamin is a ravenous wolf. In the morning he will devour the prey. At evening he will divide the plunder.” 28 All these are the twelve tribes of Israel, and this is what their father spoke to them, and blessed them. He blessed everyone according to his own blessing. 29 He instructed them, and said to them, “I am to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Hittite, 30 in the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field from Ephron the Hittite as a burial place. 31 There they buried Abraham and Sarah, his wife. There they buried Isaac and Rebekah, his wife, and there I buried Leah: 32 the field and the cave that is therein, which was purchased from the sons of Heth.” 33 When Jacob finished charging his sons, he gathered up his feet into the bed, breathed his last breath, and was gathered to his people.


Bereshiyt (Genesis) 50:1-26

50:1 Joseph fell on his father's face, wept on him, and kissed him. 2 Joseph commanded his servants, the physicians, to embalm his father; and the physicians embalmed Israel. 3 Forty days were used for him, for that is how many days it takes to embalm. The Egyptians wept for Israel for seventy days. 4 When the days of weeping for him were past, Joseph spoke to the house of Pharaoh house, saying, “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 5 ‘My father made me swear, saying, “Behold, I am dying. Bury me in my grave which I have dug for myself in the land of Canaan.” Now therefore, please let me go up and bury my father, and I will come again.' ” 6 Pharaoh said, “Go up, and bury your father, just like he made you swear.” 7 Joseph went up to bury his father; and with him went up all the servants of Pharaoh, the elders of his house, all the elders of the land of Egypt, 8 all the house of Joseph, his brothers, and his father's house. Only their little ones, their flocks, and their herds, they left in the land of Goshen. 9 Both chariots and horsemen went up with him. It was a very great company. 10 They came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, and there they lamented with a very great and severe lamentation. He mourned for his father seven days. 11 When the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning in the floor of Atad, they said, “This is a grievous mourning by the Egyptians.” Therefore its name was called Abel Mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan. 12 His sons did to him just as he commanded them, 13 for his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field, as a possession for a burial site, from Ephron the Hittite, near Mamre. 14 Joseph returned into Egypt—he, and his brothers, and all that went up with him to bury his father, after he had buried his father. 15 When Joseph's brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “It may be that Joseph will oppose us, and will certainly return to us all the evil which we did to him.” 16 They sent a message to Joseph, saying, “Your father commanded before he died, saying, 17 ‘You shall tell Joseph, “Now please forgive the disobedience of your brothers, and their sin, because they did evil to you.” ' Now, please forgive the disobedience of the servants of the Elohim of your father.” Joseph wept when they spoke to him. 18 His brothers also went and fell down before his face; and they said, “Behold, we are your servants.” 19 Joseph said to them, “Don't be afraid, for am I in the place of Elohim? 20 As for you, you meant evil against me, but [the Elohim](MTT) meant it for good, to save many people alive, as is happening today. 21 Now therefore don't be afraid. I will sustain you and your little ones.” He comforted them, and spoke kindly to them. 22 Joseph lived in Egypt, he, and his father's house. Joseph lived one hundred ten years. 23 Joseph saw the sons of Ephraim sons to the third generation. The sons also of Machir, the son of Manasseh, were born on the knees of Joseph (cf. Genesis 48:6; Numbers 27:1; Joshua 13:29-31). 24 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am dying, but Elohim will surely visit you, and bring you up out of this land to the land which he swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.” 25 Joseph took an oath from the sons of Israel, saying, “Elohim will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones from here.” 26 So Joseph died, being one hundred ten years old, and they embalmed him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.

Genesis 1

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

1:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), usually rendered “land,” is the dry ground of Genesis 1:9–10: the surface soil that appears when the waters are gathered. The entry contrasts that concrete sense with English “earth” when “earth” is taken as a globe-term rather than the ground itself.

1:2 Spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or breath, literally means “to travel a prescribed path.” That sense is applied to wind, to human breath, and to the life-giving breath/spirit of Elohim. The entry also links רוּחַ, ruach, with Greek πνεῦμα, pneuma, and sets נְשָׁמָה, neshamah (H5397), beside Greek ἐμφυσάω, emphysaō, for breathed life.

1:4 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), is explained as “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” describing something that works as it should. The entry pairs טוֹב, tov, with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570), describing what is good, excellent, well-adapted to its end, and beautiful in purity of heart and life.

1:6 firmament — רָקִיעַ, raqiya (H7549), means to beat, pound, or hammer metal into a flattened sheet. The Greek equivalent is στερέωμα, stereōma (G4733), something made firm; in relation to the heavens, the entry treats it as the solid firmament, the arch of the sky.

1:16 stars — כּוֹכָב, kokhab (H3556), comes from a root word meaning “covering of the tent or house” and is concretely represented as a star.

1:20 souls — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being” and refers to the whole person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath. The entry illustrates the sense with Job 38:39 and notes that when a person dies, the soul, נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh, goes to שְׁאוֹל, Sheol.

1:21 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living creature rather than a detached abstract part. The entry uses Job 38:39 to show that nephesh can describe the living appetite or life of the creature.

1:22 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether bending to drink, bending in homage, or bending to present a tangible gift. From that root action, the entry explains the usual renderings “bless,” “blessed,” and “be blessed.”

1:24 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), often rendered “beast,” refers broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock. The entry pairs it with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden, especially four-footed animals such as cattle or livestock.

1:24 creeping — “Creeping” can represent רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), רָמַשׂ, ramas (H7430), or שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318). In the entry’s Genesis setting, רֶמֶשׂ, remes, comes from a root meaning “to tread” and refers to rapidly moving animals that crawl or creep on the ground.

1:25 creeps — “Creeps” is tied to רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), “to creep, crawl, or tread,” and שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318), “to swarm.” The entry also connects both with Greek ἑρπετόν, herpeton (G2062), a creeping animal or reptile.

1:27 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), “male,” is linked with זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember.” The entry explains the term through the role of males in remembering and passing down family history and speaking for the family.

1:30 beast of the land — חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ, chayat ha’arets (H2416 + H776), literally means “living ones of the land,” with חַיַּת, chayat, from חָי, chay, life/living. The entry distinguishes this from בְּהֵמָה, behemah, which covers cattle and livestock.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 1:2 — reads “the land was [unseen and unmade]” from the LXX. The NASB has “formless and void.”

Genesis 1:3 — reads “[light will exist]” from MTT. The NASB has “Let there be light.”

Genesis 1:5 — reads “[daytime]” from DSS. The NASB has “day.”

Genesis 1:6 — reads “[will exist]” and “[existed]” from MTT. The NASB has “Let there be an expanse” and then “God made the expanse.”

Genesis 1:8 — adds “[And Elohim saw that it was good.]” from the LXX. The NASB does not include that sentence in verse 8.

Genesis 1:9–10 — reads “[underneath]” from DSS, “to one [gathering]” from DSS/LXX, an added sentence about the waters gathering and the dry ground appearing from DSS/LXX, and “[gatherings]” in verse 10 from the LXX. The NASB has the standard wording “below the heavens,” “into one place,” and “the gathering of the waters.”

Genesis 1:11–12 — adds “[after their kind]” in verse 11 and “[fruit]” plus “[on the land]” in verse 12 from the LXX. The NASB has “fruit trees… bearing fruit after their kind” and “trees bearing fruit… after their kind.”

Genesis 1:14–15 — reads “[will exist]” and “[they exist]” from MTT, “[for the illumination of the day]” and “[and to rule the day and the night]” from the LXX, and “[to give light upon the land]” from DSS. The NASB has “Let there be lights… to separate the day from the night… for signs and for seasons… to give light on the earth.”

Genesis 1:20 — adds “[And it was so]” from the LXX. The NASB does not include that clause in verse 20.

Genesis 1:26 — reads “[We will make]” from MTT and adds “[and over all the wild animals of the land]” from the Syriac. The NASB has “Let Us make man” and reads “over all the earth.”

Genesis 1:28 — adds “[saying]” and “[and over all the souls that crawl]” from the LXX and repeats “[and over all the wild animals of the land]” from the Syriac. The NASB has “God blessed them; and God said to them” and reads “over every living thing that moves on the earth.”

Genesis 1:30 — adds “[and to every livestock of the land]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB has “to every beast of the earth… and to every thing that moves on the earth.”


Genesis 2

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

2:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface defined in Genesis 1:9–10 rather than a globe-term. The entry keeps the sense concrete: surface soil, dry ground, land.

2:3 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), is rooted in kneeling: bending to drink, bending in homage, or bending to present a gift. That concrete action stands behind the renderings “bless” and “blessed.”

2:2 works — ἔργον, ergon (G2041), is any product, task, or thing accomplished by hand, art, industry, or mind. The entry connects it with the Hebrew terms מְלָאכָה, melachah (H4399), work done in service or obligation to another, and מַעֲשֶׂה, ma’aseh (H4639), a general doing, act, or deed, and further relates מַעֲשֶׂה, ma’aseh, to Greek πρᾶξις, praxis (G4234).

2:7 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living creature as the unity of body, organs, and breath. The entry keeps the sense concrete and integrated rather than abstract.

2:9 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), is “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” describing what works as it should. It is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

2:12 Bdellium — בְּדֹלַח, bedolach (H916), occurs in Genesis 2:12 and Numbers 11:7. Because manna is compared to it in Numbers 11:7, the entry rejects the idea of a precious stone and points instead to the fragrant resinous gum known to the Greeks as bdellion.

2:13 Cush — Cush or Kush, in Ge’ez ኩሽ, is the oldest son of Ham, brother of Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan, and father of Nimrod. The entry also applies the name geographically to the land of Cush, associated with the Red Sea region and identified with the Kingdom of Kush, ancient Sudan.

2:17 die, you die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die.” In Genesis 2:17 the doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, is treated literally as “die you died.” The entry also points to the LXX Greek θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanátō apothaneísthe (G2288, G599), “you will die by death.”

2:19 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

2:19 beast of the field — חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה, chayat ha’sadeh (H2416 + H7704), literally means “living ones of the field,” with חַיַּת, chayat, from חָי, chay, life/living, and שָׂדֶה, sadeh (H7704), field. The entry notes the usual Greek equivalent θηρίον, thērion (G2342), a beast, usually a wild animal.

2:21 trance — תַּרְדֵּמָה, tardemah (H8639), from רָדַם, radam (H7290), is more than ordinary sleep: a profound, divinely induced half-conscious state lacking response to outside stimuli. The entry notes the LXX Greek ἔκστασις, ekstasis (G1611).

2:22 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), “woman,” is linked to אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man.” The entry also pairs it with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean either “woman” or “wife,” and notes that neither Biblical Hebrew nor Greek has a separate definitive word that always means “wife.”

2:24 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for “woman,” from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean both “woman” and “wife.” The marital sense is supplied by context.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 2:2 — reads “[sixth]” from the LXX, SP, and Syriac, and “[works]” from the LXX and Syriac. The NASB has “By the seventh day” and “His work.”

Genesis 2:3 — reads “[works]” from the LXX and Syriac and adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “all His work which God had created and made.”

Genesis 2:4 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:5 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB again has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:6 — reads “[spring]” from the LXX. The NASB has “mist.”

Genesis 2:7 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:8 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:9 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:11 — reads “[Havilah]” with the spelling reflected in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB has “Havilah.”

Genesis 2:15 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God,” and reads “cultivate it and keep it.”

Genesis 2:16 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God.”

Genesis 2:18 — reads “helper [as his opposite]” from MTT. The NASB has “helper suitable for him.”

Genesis 2:19 — adds “[every livestock, and]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and “[wild]” from the LXX. The NASB has “every beast of the field and every bird of the sky.”

Genesis 2:20 — adds “[all]” before the birds from the LXX and repeats “helper [as his opposite]” from MTT. The NASB has “to the birds of the sky” and “helper suitable for him.”

Genesis 2:21 — reads “[trance]” from the LXX and “[unit]” plus “[under her]” from MTT. The NASB has “deep sleep,” “one of his ribs,” and “closed up the flesh at that place.”

Genesis 2:22 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God” and “fashioned into a woman the rib.”

Genesis 2:24 — adds “[the two]” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB has simply “they shall become one flesh.”


Genesis 3

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

3:1 serpent — נָחָשׁ, nachash (H5175), usually rendered “serpent,” is tied to נָחַשׁ, nachash (H5178), “to divine,” to seek knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means. The entry notes a range of English renderings for the verbal root, including “divine,” “enchantment,” “enchanter,” and related terms.

3:1 beast of the field — חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה, chayat ha’sadeh (H2416 + H7704), literally means “living ones of the field,” with חַיַּת, chayat, from חָי, chay, and שָׂדֶה, sadeh, “field.” The usual Greek equivalent given is θηρίον, thērion (G2342), a beast, usually a wild animal.

3:1 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), “woman,” comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean both “woman” and “wife.”

3:3 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” from a root pictured concretely as the end of a chaotic flow, represented as a man. The entry again points to מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, in Genesis 2:17.

3:4 death — מוּת, muth (H4191), is also treated in the “death” entry through the doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, and the LXX Greek θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanáto apothaneísthe (G2288, G599), “you will die by death.”

3:5 you will — “You will” is explained through the Hebrew suffix וּ, ’u, which marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form, illustrated by forms such as תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru.

3:5 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), is “functional,” paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

3:6 coveted — חָמַד, chamad (H2530), is wanting something pleasant out of desire or lust. The entry ties it to the root cham, “cheese,” a delicacy, and pairs חָמַד, chamad, with Greek ἐπιθυμέω, epithymeō (G1937), setting one’s heart on something in desire.

3:6 intelligence — שָׂכַל, śākhal (H7919), means to understand or calculate intelligently, to act prudently and circumspectly for success. The entry pairs it with Greek κατανοέω, katanoeō (G2657), attentive contemplation or fixing the mind upon something.

3:6 husband — בַּעַל, ba‘al (H1167), means “to rule,” concretely represented as a master binding a yoke to a servant, from עֻל, ul (H5923), lifting a yoke onto the shoulders. In the husband sense, the entry explains the woman as yoked to the man as owner, sometimes called lord or master.

3:8 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” alongside Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

3:14 belly — בֶּטֶן, beten (H990), is the middle of the body, the belly or abdomen. The entry also notes בָּטְנִים, boten (H992), “nut/pistachio,” and pairs beten with Greek κοιλία, koilia (G2836), the whole belly or inner cavity, even the womb or inner seat of thought.

3:16 submission — ὑποτάσσω, hypotassō (G5293), literally “to arrange under,” is presented first as a Greek military term for arranging troops under a leader, and then more broadly as a voluntary attitude of giving in, cooperating, taking responsibility, and carrying a burden.

3:17 listened — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, to hear carefully and respond with the appropriate action. The entry pairs it with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

3:17 wife’s — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is again the same lexical item behind both “woman” and “wife,” paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

3:23 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is identified as the name of the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The entry links יהוה, YHWH, with אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, from Exodus 3:14 and glosses the name as “He Exists” or “He Will Be.”

3:22 forever — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “to a hidden time,” a time hidden from the present, whether distant past or future. The entry pairs it with Greek εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, eis ton aiōna, “in the age.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 3:1 — adds “[And the serpent]” from the LXX, adds “[really]” from DSS, and reads “[Elohim]” where the NASB has “the LORD God.” The NASB begins “Now the serpent…” and has “Indeed, has God said…?”

Genesis 3:4 — reads “[Not to death will you die]” from the LXX. The NASB has “You surely will not die!”

Genesis 3:5 — reads “you will be like Elohim.” The NASB has “you will be like God.”

Genesis 3:6 — adds “[they]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB has “she gave also to her husband with her, and he ate.”

Genesis 3:8 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX twice. The NASB has “the LORD God” in both places.

Genesis 3:9 — adds “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God called to the man.”

Genesis 3:13–14 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX in both verses. The NASB has “the LORD God said to the woman” and “the LORD God said to the serpent.”

Genesis 3:16 — notes “submission” from the LXX in the expression “Your desire (or, submission)…” The NASB keeps “your desire will be for your husband.”

Genesis 3:21–23 — reads “[Elohim]” in verse 21 and 22 from the LXX, adds “[let us send him out]” in verse 22 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, and reads “[YHWH]” in verse 23 from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD God” in verses 21 and 23 and “Then the LORD God said…” in verse 22 without the added sending-out phrase.


Genesis 4

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

4:1 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” alongside Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

4:1 I purchased a man [with Elohim] — וְהָאָדָם יָדַע אֶת חַוָּה אִשְׁתּוֹ וַתַּהַר וַתֵּלֶד אֶת קַיִן וַתֹּאמֶר קָנִיתִי אִישׁ אֶת אֱלֹהִים, veha’adam yada et chavah ishto vattahar vatteled et kayin vattomer kaniti ish et elohim. The entry explains that if אֶת, et, is taken as the preposition “with,” the rendering is “I purchased a man with Elohim”; if it is taken as the definite-object marker, the sense shifts toward “I purchased the man [Elohim].”

4:2 Abel — הֶבֶל, Hevel (H1893), shares a root with הָבַל, haval (H1892), and means “emptiness” or “vanity,” effort that comes to nothing. The entry pairs it with Greek μάταιος, mataios (G3152), and ματαιότης, mataiotēs (G3153).

4:2 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats. The entry pairs צֹאן, tson, with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263), “sheep.”

4:4 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means “firstborn” of the womb of a woman or animal, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means “firstfruits” of the crop. Both are tied to the idea of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH, and bikur is linked with בָּחַר, bachar (H977), “to choose.”

4:7 If you do well, won’t it be lifted up? If you don’t do well, sin crouches at the door. Its desire is for you, but you are to rule over it. — the entry gives the Greek Septuagint rendering: “Have you not sinned if you have brought it rightly, but not divided it? Be still, to you shall be his submission, and you shall rule over him.”

4:10 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is glossed as “He Exists” or “He Will Be,” related to אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, in Exodus 3:14.

4:12 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, is used in the entry to illustrate the English force “you will” or “they will” in Hebrew verb forms such as תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru.

4:12 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is dry ground, land-surface, or soil, kept concrete rather than turned into a globe-term.

4:13 forgiven — סָלַח, salach (H5545), means “to pardon,” from סַל, sal (H5536), lifting a basket on the head, used concretely for lifting a person out of debt. The entry pairs it with Greek ἀφίημι, aphiēmi (G863), “to send away,” and in forgiveness contexts, to let go or remit a debt.

4:20 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

4:22 Tubal — Tubal is identified as a son of Japheth and grandson of Noaḥ associated with a region in eastern Asia Minor, perhaps near Cappadocia.

4:22 bronze — נְחֹשֶׁת, nechoshet (H5178), can be rendered bronze, copper, brass, or brazen. The entry distinguishes bronze as a copper-and-tin alloy, harder than copper and easier to cast.

4:23 hear — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, paired with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

4:23 listen — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), likewise means to hear and obey, taking in what is said and responding appropriately, again paired with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 4:1 — reads “I purchased a man [with Elohim]” from the LXX and Syriac. The NASB has “I have gotten a manchild with the help of the LORD.”

Genesis 4:3–4, 6, 9, 16 — read “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “the LORD” in those places.

Genesis 4:8 — adds “[Let’s go into the field.]” from the LXX, SP, and Syriac. The NASB has “Cain told Abel his brother,” then moves directly to the field scene.

Genesis 4:10 — reads “[YHWH]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 4:13 — reads “My [crime is too great for me to be forgiven]” from the LXX. The NASB has “My punishment is too great to bear!”

Genesis 4:15 — reads “[Not so.]” from the LXX and Syriac. The NASB opens the verse with “Therefore.”

Genesis 4:18 — reads “[Mehaiel]” from the LXX. The NASB has “Mehujael.”

Genesis 4:25 — adds “[saying]” from the LXX. The NASB has “for, she said,” as a supplied explanation.

Genesis 4:26 — reads “[This one]” from the LXX and Syriac, “[hoped]” from the LXX, and “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “Then men began to call upon the name of the LORD.”


Genesis 5

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

5:2 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is linked with זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” and is explained through remembrance, family history, and family representation.

5:2 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from kneeling, whether to drink, to honor, or to present a gift, and from that concrete action carries the sense “bless/blessed.”

5:9 Cainan — Cainan appears in Luke and in the Septuagint genealogy between Arphaxad and Shelach. The entry centers on the question of why the Masoretic genealogy omits him and brings in the Jubilees tradition of Kainam/Cainan learning writing and discovering antediluvian astrological teaching preserved from the Watchers.

5:29 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is glossed as “He Exists” or “He Will Be,” related to אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 5:3 — reads “[two hundred] thirty years” from the LXX. The NASB has “one hundred and thirty years.”

Genesis 5:4 — reads “[seven hundred] years” from the LXX. The NASB has “eight hundred years.”

Genesis 5:6–7 — read “[two hundred] five years” and “[seven hundred] seven years” from the LXX. The NASB has “one hundred and five years” and “eight hundred and seven years.”

Genesis 5:9–14 — read “[one hundred] ninety years,” name Cainan, then “[one hundred] seventy years” and “[seven hundred] forty years” from the LXX. The NASB has “ninety years,” no Cainan in the line, then “seventy years” and “eight hundred and forty years.”

Genesis 5:15–16 — read “[one hundred] sixty-five years” and “[seven hundred] thirty years” from the LXX. The NASB has “sixty-five years” and “eight hundred and thirty years.”

Genesis 5:18 — reads “[two hundred sixty-two years]” from the LXX. The NASB has “one hundred and sixty-two years.”

Genesis 5:21 — reads “[one hundred] sixty-five years” from the LXX. The NASB has “sixty-five years.”

Genesis 5:22 — reads “[the Elohim]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and MTT, and “[two hundred] years” from the LXX. The NASB has “God” and “three hundred years.”

Genesis 5:24 — reads “[the Elohim]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and MTT. The NASB has “God.”

Genesis 5:28 — reads “one hundred eighty-[eight] years” from the LXX. The NASB has “one hundred and eighty-two years.”

Genesis 5:30 — reads “five hundred [sixty-five] years” from the LXX. The NASB has “five hundred and ninety-five years.”

Genesis 5:31 — reads “seven hundred [fifty-three] years” from the LXX. The NASB has “seven hundred and seventy-seven years.”

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Genesis 6

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

6:3 Spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or “breath,” literally carries the idea of traveling a prescribed path. In the entry’s context, that movement applies to wind, to breath, and to the life-giving Spirit of Elohim; the entry also relates רוּחַ, ruach, to Greek πνεῦμα, pneuma, and sets נְשָׁמָה, neshamah, alongside Greek ἐμφυσάω, emphysaō, for breathed life.

6:3 forever — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “to a hidden time,” a time hidden from the present, whether distant past or distant future. The entry pairs עוֹלָם, ‘olam, with Greek εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, eis ton aiōna, “in the age.”

6:4 Nephilim — נְּפִלִים, Nephilim (H5303), is the masculine plural of נָפַל, naphal (H5307), “to cause to fall,” “throw down,” “knock out,” or “lay prostrate.” The entry notes that נְּפִלִים, Nephilim, is often rendered “giants,” likely under the influence of the Greek γίγαντες, gigantes.

6:5 wickedness — רִשְׁעָה, rish’ah (H7564), “wickedness,” comes from a root meaning “to depart,” in the sense of leaving the correct path or way. The entry pairs it with Greek ἀσεβής, asebēs (G765), impious or destitute of reverential awe toward Elohim.

6:5 heart — לֵב, lev, is the heart, the vital inner organ, and by extension the center or seat of thought, desire, and inner life. The entry explicitly relates לֵב, lev, to Greek καρδία, kardia (G2588).

6:7 creeping things — רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), means to creep, crawl, or tread, and refers to any rapidly moving creeping animal; שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318), means to swarm, especially of insects, small reptiles, or swarming creatures. The entry relates both רֶמֶשׂ, remes, and שֶׁרֶץ, sherets, to Greek ἑρπετόν, herpeton (G2062), a creeping animal or reptile.

6:14 Make an ark — תֵּבָה, tebah (H8392), usually rendered “ark” or “ship,” is defined as a floating vessel or container for holding items. The entry notes that the word is used in the Torah for Noaḥ’s ark and for the basket that carried Mosheh, and that the Genesis measurements describe an immense vessel.

6:15 cubits — A cubit is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow on a man’s arm, about 18 inches or 46 centimeters.

6:16 cubit — A cubit is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow on a man’s arm, about 18 inches or 46 centimeters.

6:18 covenant — בְּרִית, berit or brit (H1285), is explained concretely through the cutting of a choice, fattened animal. In covenantal contexts, the parties pass between the divided pieces; if one party breaks the covenant, that party may be “cut off,” matching the cut animal.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 6:2 — reads “sons of [the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB has “sons of God.”

Genesis 6:3 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX and “[My spirit will certainly not remain among these men forever]” from the LXX. The NASB has “Then the LORD said, ‘My Spirit shall not strive with man forever…’”

Genesis 6:4 — reads “sons of [the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB has “sons of God.”

Genesis 6:5 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 6:6 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 6:7 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 6:8 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 6:9 — reads “[the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB has “God.”

Genesis 6:11 — reads “[the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB has “God.”


Genesis 7

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

7:2 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is explained through זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember.” The entry frames the male role through remembering, preserving, and passing on family history, and acting or speaking for the family.

7:3 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the substance of the soil revealed in Genesis 1:9–10, rather than an abstract globe-word.

7:7 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man.” The entry also pairs אִשָּׁה, ishah, with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean either “woman” or “wife,” so the marital sense is supplied by context.

7:8 creeps — רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), means to creep, crawl, or tread; שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318), means to swarm. The entry notes that these terms describe creeping or swarming creatures and connects them with Greek ἑρπετόν, herpeton (G2062).

7:14 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), can refer broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or four-footed livestock animal.

7:22 Spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or “breath,” denotes movement along a prescribed path and can apply to breath and to the life-giving Spirit.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 7:1 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 7:3 — adds “[clean]” from the LXX and SP and adds “[and of all the unclean birds, one pair, a male and a female,]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “also of the birds of the sky, by sevens, male and female.”

Genesis 7:5 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”

Genesis 7:8 — adds “[of]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “Of clean animals and animals that are not clean…”

Genesis 7:13 — reads “with [him]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “the three wives of his sons with them.”

Genesis 7:16 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “as God had commanded him; and the LORD closed it behind him.”

Genesis 7:17 — adds “[and forty nights]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “Then the flood came upon the earth for forty days.”

Genesis 7:20 — reads “[highest]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “The water prevailed fifteen cubits higher, and the mountains were covered.”


Genesis 8

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

8:1 remembered — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon events of the past. The entry extends that sense to remembering in thought, mentioning in speech, and acting or speaking on behalf of another; it also relates the term to Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403), “to remember” or “to be brought to mind.”

8:1 wind — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), literally means “to travel a prescribed path.” In the wind-entry, that sense is applied to the movement of air as a marker of seasons, storms, or signs.

8:4 new moon — חֹדֶשׁ, chodesh (H2320), literally means “to renew” and is concretely represented by the new moon, the thin crescent that marks the moon’s renewal. The entry pairs חֹדֶשׁ, chodesh, with Greek μηνός, minos (G3376), the time of the new moon or month.

8:4 mountains of Ararat — the entry treats Ararat here as a mountain region known in Mosheh’s time, and notes that this region need not be identical with later references to Urartu or Ararat in the Prophets and Kings.

8:11 plucked — גָזֵל, gazel (H1497), with feminine גְּזֵלָה, gazelah (H1500), literally means to pluck or pull away suddenly with force or a jerk. The entry notes that this same concrete idea can underlie the later sense of robbery.

8:16 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and, by context, “wife.” Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), works the same way.

8:17 creep — רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), רָמַשׂ, ramas (H7430), and שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318), all contribute to the “creep” word-family. In Genesis, רֶמֶשׂ, remes, especially denotes rapidly moving creatures that crawl or tread on the ground.

8:20 burnt offerings — עֹלֹת, ‘olot (H5930), is the plural of עֹלָה, ‘olah, from עֹל, ‘al (H5923), lifting up the yoke onto the shoulders. In sacrificial context, the offering is “brought up” or “lifted up,” hence the burnt offering or ascension offering rising in smoke.

8:21 heart — לֵב, lev, is both the bodily heart and the center of inner thought, purpose, desire, and life. Greek καρδία, kardia (G2588), is treated the same way in the entry.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 8:1 — adds “[, and all the birds, and all the creeping]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But God remembered Noaḥ and all the beasts and all the cattle that were with him in the ark.”

Genesis 8:13 — adds “[of Noaḥ̣’s life]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now it came about in the six hundred and first year…”

Genesis 8:19 — adds “[And all the wild beasts and all the livestock]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Every beast, every creeping thing, and every bird…”

Genesis 8:20 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “the LORD.”


Genesis 9

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

9:1 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether in drinking, homage, or presenting a tangible gift. From that concrete action the entry explains the common renderings “bless” and “blessed.”

9:2 beast of the land — חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ, chayat ha’arets (H2416 + H776), literally means “living ones of the land,” with חַיַּת, chayat, from חָי, chay, “life” or “living.” The entry distinguishes this phrase from בְּהֵמָה, behemah, the broader cattle/livestock word.

9:2 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers to cattle or livestock and can extend to both domestic and wild animals. The entry pairs it with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or four-footed livestock animal.

9:2 creep — רֶמֶשׂ, remes (H7431), רָמַשׂ, ramas (H7430), and שֶׁרֶץ, sherets (H8318), form the “creep” family. In Genesis usage, remes especially refers to rapidly moving creatures that crawl or tread on the ground.

9:5 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath. The entry keeps the sense concrete rather than detached or abstract.

9:9 covenant — בְּרִית, berit or brit (H1285), is explained through the cutting of a choice sacrificial animal and the passage between the divided pieces. The covenant can therefore be broken only at the cost symbolized by that cut animal.

9:13 cloud — עָנָן, anan (H6051), “cloud,” comes from a root tied to watching or observing, because clouds are watched to discern the weather.

9:15 remember — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon what has happened in the past, and can also mean to mention, memorialize, or act on behalf of another.

9:16 everlasting — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “a hidden time,” whether hidden past or hidden future. When used of what is everlasting, the entry relates it to Greek αἰώνιον or αἰώνιος, aionion / aiōnios, tied to αἰών, aiōn, an age or perpetuity.

9:22 indecency — עֶרְוָה, ‘erva (H6172), comes from a root idea of the body laid bare or naked and can refer to nakedness, shameful exposure, indecency, or improper behavior. The entry gives Greek ἀσχημοσύνη, aschēmosynē (G808), for indecency or unseemliness, especially involving exposed genitals.

9:23 garment — the entry describes the outer garment as a rectangular wool covering that could also serve as a blanket at night and contrasts it with the circular toga; it also compares it with the Greek himation.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 9:2 — adds “[wild]” and “[and on all livestock of the land,]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “The fear of you and the terror of you will be on every beast of the earth and on every bird of the sky…”

Genesis 9:7 — adds “[and have dominion over it]” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Populate the earth abundantly and multiply in it.”

Genesis 9:10 — adds “[and]” and “[of all that go out of the ark]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “of all that comes out of the ark, even every beast of the earth.”

Genesis 9:16 — adds “[me]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “then I will look upon it, to remember the everlasting covenant…”

Genesis 9:26 — reads “[Blessed be the Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Blessed be the LORD, The God of Shem.”


Genesis 10

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

10:2 Magog — Magog means “Land of Gog” and is the second son of Japheth, grandson of Noaḥ, and ancestor of northern peoples. As a land-name, the entry places Magog in the mountainous region between Cappadocia and Media.

10:2 Tubal — Tubal is a son of Japheth and grandson of Noaḥ associated with a region in eastern Asia Minor, perhaps roughly corresponding to Cappadocia.

10:2 Meshech — Meshech is the son of Japheth, grandson of Noaḥ, and ancestor of peoples north of Israel, often mentioned alongside Tubal and Magog; the entry also links his descendants with the Moschi near Colchis and Armenia.

10:6 Cush — Cush or Kush, in Ge’ez ኩሽ, is the oldest son of Ham, brother of Mizraim, Phut, and Canaan, and father of Nimrod. The entry also extends the name to the land of Cush, associated with the Red Sea region and identified with the Kingdom of Kush, ancient Sudan.

10:9 to the face of — לִפְנֵי, lifnei (H6440), literally means “to the face(s) of,” built from לִ, li, “to,” פָּנִים, paniym, “faces,” and the suffix נֵי, nei, “of.” The entry notes that the phrase is commonly translated “before” or “in front of.”

10:10 reign — מַלְכוּת, malchhut (H4438), often rendered “kingdom,” is matched with Greek βασιλεία, basileia (G932) and means reign, royal power, kingship, dominion, or rule, emphasizing authority to rule rather than only territory.

10:14 Philistines — the Philistines are identified in the entry as descendants of the Casluhim, of Mizraim, in Genesis 10:13–14 and Exodus 13:17.

10:15 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means “firstborn” of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means “firstfruits” of the crop. The entry links both to what is chosen as belonging to YHWH and relates bikur to בָּחַר, bachar (H977), “to choose.”

10:21 elder — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205), is concretely tied to the long beard as a sign of old age and wisdom. The related Greek terms in the entries are πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros (G4245), elder, and γερουσία, gerousia (G1087), a council of elders.

10:22 Aram — the entry simply identifies Aram among the sons of Shem in Genesis 10:22.

10:24 Cainan — Cainan is presented as the son of Arphaxad and father of Shelach in Luke and in the Septuagint genealogy. The entry then discusses the omission of Cainan from the Masoretic genealogy and the Jubilees tradition that calls him Kainam and associates him with antediluvian astrological knowledge preserved from the Watchers.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 10:4 — reads “[Rodanim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “Dodanim.”

Genesis 10:8 — reads “[giant]” from the LXX. The NASB has “mighty one.”

Genesis 10:9 — reads “[giant hunter]” from the LXX and reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB has “mighty hunter before the LORD.”

Genesis 10:24 — adds “[Cainan. And Cainan became the father of]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Arpachshad became the father of Shelah; and Shelah became the father of Eber.”

Ready for Genesis 11–15.

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Genesis 11

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

11:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), usually rendered “land,” is the dry ground or land-surface defined in Genesis 1:9–10, the soil that appeared when the waters were gathered. The entry contrasts that concrete sense with English “earth” when “earth” is treated as a globe-term rather than the ground itself.

11:12 Cainan — Cainan is presented as the son of Arphaxad and father of Shelach in Luke and in the Septuagint. The entry also notes the Jubilees form Kainam and connects him with postdiluvian knowledge of writing and astrological lore attributed to the Watchers tradition.

11:27 birthings — תֹּלְדוֹת, toledot (H8435), commonly translated “generations,” “genealogy,” or “history of the generations,” comes from יָלַד, yalad (H3205), “to bear” or “to birth” a child.

11:28 Kasdim — Kasdim is the usual designation for the land and people living on the lower Euphrates and Tigris.

11:29 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), the same word used for “woman,” comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man.” The entry pairs it with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean both “woman” and “wife,” and notes that neither Biblical Hebrew nor Greek has a separate definitive word that always means “wife.”

11:31 Chaldees — Chaldees is treated as the same designation as Kasdim, the land and people of the lower Euphrates and Tigris.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 11:1 — reads “the whole land was of one language and of one [voice to all]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the whole earth used the same language and the same words.”

Genesis 11:5–9 — reads “[Elohim]” in verses 5, 6, 8, and 9, and “[he]” in verse 9, from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. Verse 8 also adds “[and the tower]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads “The LORD” in verses 5–9 and does not include “and the tower” in verse 8.

Genesis 11:11–25 — adds “[and died]” in verses 11, 15, 19, 21, 23, and 25 from the LXX, with SP also supporting the added death notice in verse 11; changes the post-flood ages in verses 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 25 to the higher LXX figures; and inserts Cainan between Arpachshad and Shelah in verses 12–13 from the LXX. The NASB omits Cainan here and keeps the lower Masoretic ages, such as 35 for Arpachshad, 30 for Shelah, 34 for Eber, 30 for Peleg, 32 for Reu, 30 for Serug, and 29 for Nahor.

Genesis 11:28 — reads “Haran died [in] the face of his father Terah” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Haran died in the presence of his father Terah.”

Genesis 11:31 — reads “[He] went from Ur of the Chaldees” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “they went out together from Ur of the Chaldeans.”

Genesis 12

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

12:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself, rather than an abstract globe-term.

12:2 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether bending to drink, bending in homage, or bending to present a tangible gift. From that concrete action the entry explains the verbal sense “to bless.”

12:2 you will — “You will” is explained through the Hebrew suffix וּ, ’u, which marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form, illustrated by תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, “you will guard,” and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru, “they will guard.”

12:2 blessing — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from kneeling in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and from that root action yields the nounal sense behind “blessing.”

12:3 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), from the root sense “to kneel,” is the basis for “bless,” “blessed,” and “to be blessed.”

12:5 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same lexical item used for both “woman” and “wife,” matched with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which likewise carries both senses.

12:11 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), “woman,” comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean either “woman” or “wife.”

12:13 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath. The entry also notes that when a person dies, the spirit returns to Elohim, the soul goes down to Sheol, and the flesh returns to dust.

12:16 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats, and is paired with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263), “sheep.”

12:16 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), often rendered “beast,” refers to both wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock. The entry pairs it with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or four-footed animal.

12:16 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), “male,” is linked with זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember.” The entry explains the term through the role of males in remembering, preserving, and speaking for the family.

12:17 plagues — נֶגַע, nega’ (H5061), literally means to lay hands on, touch, or strike. In plague contexts it becomes a “touch from God,” including infection, epidemic disease, mold, or mildew.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 12:1–4 — reads “[Elohim] [had] said to Abram” in verse 1 and again “[Elohim] had told him” in verse 4 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now the LORD said to Abram…” and “as the LORD had spoken to him.”

Genesis 12:7–8 — reads “[Elohim] appeared to Abram,” adds “[to him],” reads “[Abram] built an altar there to [Elohim],” and reads “built an altar [and called on the name] of [Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads “The LORD appeared to Abram,” “So he built an altar there to the LORD,” and “called upon the name of the LORD.”

Genesis 12:17 — reads “[Elohim] struck Pharaoh and his house with great [and grievous] plagues” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD struck Pharaoh and his house with great plagues.”

Genesis 12:19 — reads “see your wife [is before you]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now then, here is your wife, take her and go.”

Genesis 12:20 — adds “[and Lot with him]” from the LXX, SP, and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “they escorted him away, with his wife and all that belonged to him.”

Genesis 13

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

13:1 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and “wife,” paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which also carries both senses.

13:2 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), can refer broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

13:6 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is dry ground or land-surface, the concrete soil and ground itself.

13:15 forever — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “to a hidden time,” a time hidden from the present in either past or future. The entry pairs it with Greek εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, eis ton aióna, “in the age.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 13:4 — reads “Abram called on the name of [Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Abram called on the name of the LORD.”

Genesis 13:10 — reads “before [Elohim] destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah” and “like the garden of [Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah” and “like the garden of the LORD.”

Genesis 13:11 — reads “[all the region round about the plain of] Jordan” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “all the valley of the Jordan.”

Genesis 13:13–18 — reads “sinners against [Elohim]” in verse 13, “[Elohim] said to Abram” in verse 14, “I will give it to [your seed, into the eon]” in verse 17 from the LXX, and “[Elohim]” again in verse 18. The NASB reads “against the LORD,” “The LORD said to Abram,” “for I will give it to you,” and “to the LORD.”

Genesis 14

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

14:1 Amraphel — Amraphel is identified as king of Shinar, that is, king of Babel/Babylon; the entry also notes the Targumic and rabbinic identification of Amraphel with Nimrod, based on Genesis 10:8–12 and Nimrod’s rule in Shinar.

14:5 Rephaim — רְפָאִים, Rephaim (H7497), is the masculine plural of Repha/Rapha (H7495), “to heal,” “be healed,” or “be a physician.” The entry notes that Rephaim is often translated “giants,” likely under the influence of the Greek γίγαντες, gígantes.

14:5 Emim — אֵימִים, Emim (H368), is the masculine plural of אֵמָה, Emah (H367), meaning terror, horror, or dread.

14:6 Horites — חֹרִים, chorim (H2752), means “cave-dweller” and comes from חוּר, chur (H2352), “to dig,” as in a hole in a mountain.

14:14 Dan — דָּן, Dan (H1835), means “judge” or moderator.

14:18 El Elyon — אֵל עֶלְיוֹן, El Elyon (H5945), often rendered “God Most High,” can literally be taken as “mighty one of Elyon,” with עֶלְיוֹן, Elyon, meaning “high” or “upper.”

14:19 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), from the root sense “to kneel,” is the basis for “bless,” “blessed,” and “to be blessed.”

14:19 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the substance of the ground itself.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 14:10 — reads “[king of Sodom and the king of Gomorrah] fled” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled.”

Genesis 14:14 — reads “he [numbered] his three hundred eighteen trained men” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “he led out his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen.”

Genesis 14:19 — reads “He blessed [Abram]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “He blessed him.”

Genesis 15

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

15:1 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” in the sense of arranging or placing something to create order. In Hebraic thought a “word” is a completed thought, and the entry pairs דָּבָר, davar, with Greek λόγος, logos, a spoken word that embodies an idea.

15:1 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” and in the entry a “word” is a completed thought rather than incoherent speech. The equivalent Greek term is λόγος, logos, a spoken word embodying a conception or idea.

15:1 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is the name of the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The entry relates יהוה, YHWH, to אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, from Exodus 3:14 and glosses the name as “He Exists” or “He Will Be.”

15:1 vision — חִזָּיוֹן, chizayon (H2384), means “to see” beyond what is physically seen, and shares the root with חָזִיז, chaziz (H2385), a flash of light, lightning, or a moment of vision in the dark.

15:4 bowels — מֵעֶה, me’eh (H4578), literally glossed in the entry as “unknown eye” or “mighty eye,” refers to the gut, internal organs, intestines, belly, organs of procreation, or womb.

15:5 stars — כּוֹכָב, kokhab (H3556), comes from a root meaning “covering of the tent or house” and is concretely represented as a star.

15:7 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil and ground itself.

15:12 trance — תַּרְדֵּמָה, tardemah (H8639), from רָדַם, radam (H7290), is more than ordinary sleep: a profound, divinely induced half-conscious state without response to outside stimuli. The entry also notes the LXX Greek ἔκστασις, ekstasis (G1611).

15:12 sun — שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh (H8121), refers to the physical sun, the greater light set in the firmament to rule the daytime and give light and heat to the land. The entry pairs it with Greek ἥλιος, helios (G2246).

15:13 serve — עָבַד, avad (H5647), means to provide service to another, as slave, servant, steward, worker, or one who serves the land. The entry pairs it with Greek λατρεύω, latreuō (G3000), to serve, minister, or worship.

15:13 afflict — עָנָה, anah (H6031), means “to be brought low,” and is paired with Greek κακόω, kakoō (G2559), to oppress, afflict, harm, or maltreat. The entry links affliction with being humbled through unjust treatment.

15:13 four hundred years — the entry distinguishes the 400 years here from the broader 430-year covenant chronology, citing Galatians 3:16–17, Josephus, and the Jerusalem Targum to say that 430 years ran from the word spoken to Abraham, not 430 years of Egyptian slavery.

15:14 judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a dispute or wrongdoing and make a decision in the case. The entry pairs it with Greek κριτής, krites (G2923), an arbiter or one with authority to settle a matter.

15:15 you will — “You will” is explained through the Hebrew suffix וּ, ’u, as in forms like תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru.

15:15 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570), good, excellent, and well-adapted to its purpose.

15:18 cut a covenant — כָּרַת בְּרִית, karat berit (H3772 + H1285), literally means “cut a covenant,” because the sacrificial animal is cut in half when the covenant is entered.

15:19 Kenites — קֵינִי, Qeyni, literally means “of Qayin” and refers to the nomadic tribe associated with Mosheh’s father-in-law, living between southern Canaan and Sinai. The entry also notes that Aramaic qeyni means “smith,” suggesting traveling tinkers or blacksmiths.

15:19 Kenizzites — קְנִזִּי, Qenizzi (H7074), literally means “descendant of Qenaz,” with קְנַז, Qenaz, meaning “hunter.” The entry notes the later use of Kenizzite for Caleb’s line and the uncertainty about the group’s origin.

15:20 Rephaim — רְפָאִים, Rephaim (H7497), is the plural of Repha/Rapha (H7495), “to heal,” “be healed,” or “be a physician,” and is often translated “giants” because of the Greek γίγαντες, gígantes.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 15:1 — reads “Don’t be afraid, Abram. [I will shield you. Your wage will be exceedingly much]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Do not fear, Abram, I am a shield to you; Your reward shall be very great.”

Genesis 15:2–8 — reads “[Lord]” in verses 2 and 8 from the LXX, reads “the word of [Elohim]” in verse 4 from the LXX, adds “[And he]” in verse 5 from the LXX, reads “He believed [in Elohim]” in verse 6 from the LXX, and reads “I am [Elohim] who brought you out of Ur Kasdim” in verse 7 from the LXX. The NASB reads “O Lord GOD” in verses 2 and 8, “the word of the LORD” in verse 4, “And He took him outside” in verse 5, “he believed in the LORD” in verse 6, and “I am the LORD who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans” in verse 7.

Genesis 15:18–21 — reads “[Elohim] cut a covenant with Abram” in verse 18 from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, and adds “[the Hivites]” in verse 21 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD cut a covenant with Abram” and does not include “the Hivites” in verse 21.

Ready for Genesis 16–20.

Continue to Genesis 16–20

Genesis 16

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

16:1 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which also carries both senses; neither Biblical Hebrew nor Greek has a separate definitive word that always means “wife.”

16:1 maidservant — שִׁפְחָה, shiphchah (H8198), means one joined to a family, specifically to the “mistress” of the family, and is matched with Greek παιδίσκη, paidiskē (G3814), a young girl or unmarried woman, specifically a maid-servant or young female slave, even a maidservant who keeps the door.

16:2 listened — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, carefully hearing someone or something and responding with appropriate obedient action; it is paired with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191), to attend to, consider, understand, or perceive what is said.

16:3 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil defined in Genesis 1:9–10, keeping the sense concrete as ground and surface soil rather than an abstract globe-term.

16:3 husband — בַּעַל, ba‘al (H1167), means “to rule” and is pictured as a master binding a yoke to a servant, from עֻל, ul (H5923), lifting a yoke onto the shoulders; in the husband sense, the woman is described as yoked to the man as her owner, sometimes called lord or master.

16:4 mistress — גְּבֶרֶת, geveret (H1404), is the woman of the house with strong authority, from גָּבַר, gavar (H1396), “to prevail with strength as a warrior,” and is paired with Greek κυρία, kyria (G2959), lady, madam, or mistress, from κύριος, kyrios (G2962), lord or master.

16:4 belittled — קַלֵּל, qalel (H7403), often rendered “blaspheme” or “revile,” means to regard as less important, to be light in weight, or to belittle by making light of someone.

16:5 judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a case of dispute or wrongdoing and make a decision in it, and is paired with Greek κριτής, krites (G2923), an arbiter or one with ultimate authority in a matter.

16:6 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” describing what works properly; it is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570), good, excellent, well-adapted to its ends, and beautiful in purity of heart and life.

16:7 angel — ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), often translated “angel” or “messenger,” is equivalent to Hebrew מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), one who bears a message or runs an errand, tied there to הַלֵּךְ, halaka (H1980), “to walk,” in the sense of walking for another.

16:8 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is the name of the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and is related to אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, from Exodus 3:14; the page glosses יהוה, YHWH, as “He Exists” or “He Will Be.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 16:2 — reads “[Elohim] has restrained me from bearing” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD has prevented me from bearing {children.}”

Genesis 16:5 — reads “[My violence is upon you]” from MTT and “May [Elohim] judge between me and you” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “May the wrong done me be upon you… May the LORD judge between you and me.”

Genesis 16:7–8 — reads “the angel of [Elohim]” in verse 7 from the LXX and “[the angel of YHWH]” in verse 8 from the LXX. The NASB reads “the angel of the LORD” in both verses.

Genesis 16:11–12 — reads “the angel of [Elohim]” and “[Elohim] has heard your affliction” in verse 11 from the LXX, and “[dwell before the face of] all his brothers” in verse 12 from the LXX. The NASB reads “the angel of the LORD,” “the LORD has given heed to your affliction,” and “he will live to the east of all his brothers.”

Genesis 16:13 — reads “She called [his name, the one] who spoke to her” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Then she called the name of the LORD who spoke to her…”


Genesis 17

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

17:1 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” with שַׁדַּי, shaddai, derived from שָׁדַיִם, shadayim (H7699, H7700), “breasts,” figuratively representing abundant provision; the page therefore reads El Shaddai as “God of abundant provision,” while noting that the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate render shaddai as “all powerful.”

17:1 perfect — תָּמִים, tamiym (H8549), means whole, sound, free of wound, defect, or impairment, having all proper parts or components; it is paired with Greek τέλειος, teleios (G5046), complete, finished, full-grown, or mature.

17:2 covenant — בְּרִית, beriyt or brit (H1285), is tied to the feeding and fattening of livestock for slaughter and then to the covenant rite in which a choice animal is cut and the parties pass between the pieces; the page also explains כָּרַת בְּרִית, karat berit (H3772 + H1285), literally “cut a covenant.”

17:4 you will — “You will” is explained through the Hebrew suffix וּ, ’u, which makes a word second- or third-person masculine plural, as in תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, “you will guard,” and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru, “they will guard.”

17:7 everlasting — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “a hidden time,” hidden from the present in past or future; when used for what is everlasting, the page pairs it with Greek αἰωνιον / αἰώνιος, aionion / aiónios, related to αἰών, aeon (G165), an unbroken age or perpetuity of time.

17:8 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the surface soil of the land itself, as concretely defined in Genesis 1:9–10.

17:10 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is tied to זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” because the males of the family remember, preserve, and pass down family history and act and speak for the family.

17:14 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

17:15 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” from אִישׁ, ish (H376), and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which also carries both senses.

17:16 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether kneeling to drink, in homage, or to present a tangible gift; from that root it yields “bless,” “blessed,” and even, in hostile contexts, renderings like “blaspheme” or “curse.”

17:17 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), can name the physical organ, but in this usage it means the inward man’s mind, inclination, resolve, understanding, and conscience, literally “authority of the house.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 17:1 — reads “[Elohim] appeared to Abram” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD appeared to Abram.”

Genesis 17:14 — adds “[on the eighth day]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But an uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that person shall be cut off from his people…”

Genesis 17:18 — reads “Abraham said to [the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB reads, “And Abraham said to God…”

Genesis 17:19 — adds “[to Abraham]” and “[behold]” from the LXX, and adds “[and]” before “for his seed after him” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But God said, ‘No, but Sarah your wife will bear you a son… and I will establish My covenant with him for an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him.’”


Genesis 18

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

18:2 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

18:5 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), refers here to the inward man’s mind, inclination, understanding, and conscience, literally “authority of the house.”

18:6 seahs — 1 seah is about 7 liters, 1.9 gallons, or 0.8 pecks.

18:7 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” something working properly and well-adapted to its purpose, and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

18:9 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and “wife,” paralleled by Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

18:11 feminine — γυναικεῖος, gynaikeios (G1134), is the Greek term behind the “manner” or “way of women” and is translated there as “feminine.”

18:14 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” a word being a completed thought rather than babbling incoherence; it is paired with Greek λόγος, logos, a spoken word that embodies a conception or idea.

18:18 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from kneeling in drink, homage, or gift-giving and yields the common Biblical sense “bless” or “be blessed.”

18:20 sin — חָטָא, chatta (H2398), means to miss the target, whether a literal target or a goal aimed for, and comes from a root tied to measuring with a cord.

18:25 Judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a dispute or wrongdoing and decide the case, and is paired with Greek κριτής, krites (G2923), an arbiter.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 18:1 — reads “[Elohim] appeared to him” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now the LORD appeared to him by the oaks of Mamre…”

Genesis 18:13–14 — reads “[Elohim] said to Abraham” and “Is any word too wonderful for [Elohim]?” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “And the LORD said to Abraham…” and “Is anything too difficult for the LORD?”

Genesis 18:17–22 — reads “[Elohim] said” in verse 17 from the LXX, “the way of [Elohim]” in verse 19 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, “[Elohim] may bring” in verse 19 from the LXX, “[Elohim] said” in verse 20 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, and “Abraham stood yet before [Elohim]” in verse 22 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads “the LORD” in all those places, including “keep the way of the LORD” and “while Abraham was still standing before the LORD.”

Genesis 18:33 — reads “He went his way…” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “As soon as He had finished speaking to Abraham the LORD departed…”


Genesis 19

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

19:1 angels — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), often translated “angel” or “messenger,” is one who bears a message or runs an errand, tied to הַלֵּךְ, halaka, “to walk,” and is matched with Greek ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), a messenger or envoy.

19:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, land-surface, or soil itself.

19:8 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570), what is good and well-adapted to its purpose.

19:8 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is a completed thought; it is paired with Greek λόγος, logos.

19:9 judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a dispute or wrongdoing and decide the case, and is paired with Greek κριτής, krites (G2923).

19:9 judgment — מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat (H4941), from שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means judgment or ordinance in the sense of ruling over a case and making a decision; it is tied to Greek κριτής, krites (G2923), an arbiter with final authority.

19:15 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135) likewise carrying both senses.

19:16 wife’s — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is again the same word for “woman” and “wife,” paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

19:19 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” and the page relates it to the doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, literally “die you died.”

19:20 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

19:23 sun — שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh (H8121), is the physical sun, the greater light set in the firmament to rule the daytime and give light and heat to the land.

19:26 Lot’s wife — the page cites two traditions: the Genesis Apocryphon, where Lot’s wife is said to be Egyptian, and Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, where she looks after the angel to learn the fate of her father’s house, being a daughter of the Sodomites, and is punished in salt, bemilcha, by becoming a statue of salt.

19:29 remembered — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon past events, and can also mean to remember as memorial, mention in speech, or act on behalf of another; it is paired with Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403), to remember or be recalled to mind.

19:31 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both signify what is chosen as belonging to YHWH, and bikur is tied to בָּחַר, bachar (H977), “to choose,” with Greek ἐκλεκτός, eklektos (G1588), chosen or elect.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 19:2 — adds “[since you have come to your servant]” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB does not include that clause.

Genesis 19:13–16 — reads “before [Elohim]” in verse 13 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, “[he] has sent us” in verse 13 from the LXX, “[Elohim] will destroy the city” in verse 14 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, “[and get out,]” in verse 15 from the LXX, “[they were troubled]” in verse 16 from the LXX, and “[Elohim] being merciful to him” in verse 16 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads “before the LORD,” “the LORD has sent us,” “the LORD will destroy the city,” “or you will be swept away…,” “But he hesitated,” and “for the compassion of the LORD was upon him.”

Genesis 19:24 — reads “[Elohim] rained on Sodom and on Gomorrah sulfur and fire … from the heavens” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, with the second “from the LORD” struck out there. The NASB reads, “Then the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven.”

Genesis 19:27 — reads “Abraham… stood before [Elohim]” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “the place where he had stood before the LORD.”

Genesis 19:37–38 — adds “[, saying from my father]” for Moab and “[, a son of my people]” for Ben-ammi from the LXX. The NASB simply reads, “called his name Moab” and “called his name Ben-ammi.”


Genesis 20

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

20:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, land-surface, or soil itself.

20:2 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same lexical item used for “woman” and “wife,” paralleled by Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

20:2 Abimelech king of Gerar — Abimelech is formed from Hebrew words for “father” and “king,” and can be understood as “Father-King,” “My father is king,” or “Father of a king”; in the Pentateuch it functions as a title for kings in the land of Canaan.

20:3 dream — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze and comes from a root meaning “to pass through”; it is paired with Greek ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), from en + hypnos, something seen in sleep.

20:3 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), “woman,” comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean both “woman” and “wife.”

20:3 husband — בַּעַל, ba‘al (H1167), means “to rule,” from עֻל, ul (H5923), lifting the yoke onto the shoulders; in the husband sense, the woman is described as yoked to the man as her owner, lord, or master.

20:5 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), means the inward man’s mind, inclination, resolve, understanding, and conscience, literally “authority of the house.”

20:7 prophet — נָבִיא, navi (H5030), literally means “seed inside,” represented by fruit hiding seed within it; a prophet is one who announces the words of Elohim received through a vision or dream.

20:7 you will — “You will” is explained through the suffix וּ, ’u, as in תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru.

20:7 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” with the doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, used as “die you died.”

20:9 reign — מַלְכוּת, malchhut (H4438), often translated “kingdom,” is paired with Greek βασιλεία, basileía (G932) and means reign, royal power, kingship, dominion, or rule, emphasizing authority to rule rather than territory alone.

20:9 sin — חָטָא, chatta (H2398), means to miss the target or aimed-for goal, from a root tied to measuring with a cord.

20:11 wife’s — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is again the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135) likewise serving both senses.

20:14 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats, and is paired with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263), “sheep.”

20:14 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers to both wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or four-footed livestock animal.

20:14 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is linked to זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” because males remember and pass down family history and speak for the family.

20:16 Behold, it is for you a covering of the eyes to all that are with you. In front of all you are vindicated. — the glossary gives the LXX-based rendering, “These will be to you for the value of your person, and to all the women with you; and you speak the truth in all things.”

20:18 bowels — מֵעֶה, me’eh (H4578), literally glossed there as “unknown eye” or “mighty eye,” refers to the gut, internal organs, intestines, belly, organs of procreation, or womb, and is paired with Greek κοιλία, koilia (G2836), belly or womb, also used metaphorically for the inward seat of thought and feeling.

20:18 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” and a word is treated as a completed thought; it is paired with Greek λόγος, logos.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 20:6 — reads “[The Elohim] said to him in the dream” from MTT. The NASB reads, “Then God said to him in the dream…”

Genesis 20:8 — adds “[All] the men were very scared” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “and the men were greatly frightened.”

Genesis 20:14 — adds “[a thousand double-drachmas,]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Abimelech then took sheep and oxen and male and maids…”

Genesis 20:17 — reads “Abraham prayed to [the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB reads, “Abraham prayed to God…”

Genesis 20:18 — reads “[Elohim] had closed up tight all the bowels of the house of Abimelech” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “For the LORD had closed fast all the wombs of the household of Abimelech…”

Ready for Genesis 21–25.

Proceed to Genesis 21–25

Genesis 21

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

21:12 listen — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), means to hear and obey, carefully taking in what is said and responding with fitting action. The equivalent Greek term is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

21:16 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” something working properly and well-adapted to its purpose. The equivalent Greek term is καλός, kalos (G2570).

21:16 death — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” and the Torah’s doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, carries the force of intensified death-language, literally “die you died.”

21:17 angel — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), and ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), mean “messenger,” one sent to bear a message or run an errand; the entry also links מַלְאַךְ, malakh, with הַלֵּךְ, halaka (H1980), “to walk.”

21:21 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife.” The equivalent Greek term is γυνή, gynē (G1135), which likewise carries both senses.

21:21 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself, kept concrete as ground rather than treated as an abstract globe-term.

21:23 swear — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), literally means “to seven oneself,” fully binding oneself to a promise or oath. The equivalent Greek term is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

21:26 hear — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), again carries the sense of hearing with responsive obedience; the equivalent Greek term is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

21:27 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats. The equivalent Greek term is πρόβατον, probaton (G4263).

21:27 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and other domestic or wild animals. The equivalent Greek term is κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or livestock animal.

21:28 cut a covenant — כָּרַת בְּרִית, karat berit (H3772 + H1285), literally means “cut a covenant,” reflecting the cutting of the covenant animal in the covenant rite.

21:30 witness — עֵד, ed (H5707), literally means “to repeat,” in the sense that a witness recounts an event to another. The equivalent Greek term is μάρτυς, martys (G3144), one who gives testimony as evidence.

21:31 swore — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), again carries the oath-sense of fully binding oneself, “to seven oneself.” The equivalent Greek term is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

21:33 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is the name of the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and is linked with אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, “I will exist” or “I will be.”

21:33 Everlasting — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means a hidden time, hidden from the present in past or future. The Greek equivalent given for everlasting is αἰώνιος, aiōnios, related to αἰών, aiōn.

21:34 Philistines — the Philistines are identified as descendants of the Casluhim, from Mizraim, and the entry notes that later knowledge about them comes mostly from surrounding peoples rather than Philistine texts of their own.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 21:1 — reads “[Elohim] visited Sarah” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then the LORD took note of Sarah as He had said, and the LORD did for Sarah as He had promised.”

Genesis 21:9 — reads “[playing with Isaac her son]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, mocking.”

Genesis 21:13 — reads “[great] nation” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “And of the son of the maid I will make a nation also, because he is your descendant.”

Genesis 21:16 — reads “[the child cried aloud and wept]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Do not let me see the boy die.” And she sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice and wept.”

Genesis 21:30 — reads “[Abraham] said” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “He said, ‘You shall take these seven ewe lambs from my hand so that it may be a witness to me, that I dug this well.’”

Genesis 21:33 — reads “[Abraham] planted a tamarisk tree” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “{Abraham} planted a tamarisk tree at Beersheba, and there he called on the name of the LORD, the Everlasting God.”


Genesis 22

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

22:1 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” a word being an ordered, completed thought rather than empty prattle. The equivalent Greek term is λόγος, logos.

22:1 tested — נָסָה, nasah (H5254), means to test in order to prove worthiness, and is linked with the root נָסָ, nas, “to lift up.” The equivalent Greek term is πειράζω, peirazō (G3985).

22:2 [beloved] — יְחִיד, yachiyd (H3173), often rendered “only,” is paired here with the Greek ἀγαπητός, agapētos (G27), “beloved,” with senses such as dear, favored, or worthy of love.

22:2 love — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally “I will give,” is the language of devoted love and affection. The equivalent Greek term is ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25).

22:2 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself.

22:2 burnt offering — עֹלָה, ‘olah / עֹלֹת, ‘olot, is the offering that goes up, the ascension offering, rising in smoke.

22:5 worship — שָׁחָה, shachah (H7812), means to sink or bow low in homage, even kneeling with the face to the ground.

22:11 angel — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), and ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), mean “messenger,” one sent on another’s behalf.

22:16 sworn — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), means to bind oneself by oath, “to seven oneself.” The equivalent Greek term is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

22:16 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is linked with אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, “I will exist” or “I will be.”

22:17 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether in drinking, homage, or presenting a gift.

22:17 stars — כּוֹכָב, kokhav (H3556), is concretely represented as a star and tied to the idea of covering the tent or house.

22:21 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both belong to the field of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

22:21 Aram — Aram is identified as one of Nahor’s sons in this genealogy.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 22:1 — reads “[the Elohim]” from MTT and repeats “Abraham” as “[Abraham]!” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now it came about after these things, that God tested Abraham, and said to him, ‘Abraham!’”

Genesis 22:2 — reads “your [beloved] one” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Take now your son, your only son, whom you love, Isaac…”

Genesis 22:3–4 — reads “[the Elohim] had told him” in verse 3 from MTT, adds “[, on the third day]” in verse 3 from the LXX, and reads the full clause “[And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place far off]” in verse 4 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “God had told him,” then, “On the third day Abraham raised his eyes and saw the place from a distance.”

Genesis 22:9 — reads “[the Elohim] had told him” from MTT. The NASB reads, “Then they came to the place of which God had told him…”

Genesis 22:11–12 — reads “the angel of [Elohim]” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and “your [beloved] one” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the angel of the LORD” and “your son, your only son.”

Genesis 22:13–14 — reads “[one] ram” from the LXX and “[Elohim] Yireh … On a mountain [Elohim] appeared” from DSS. The NASB reads, “behold, behind {him} a ram…” and “The LORD Will Provide … In the mount of the LORD it will be provided.”

Genesis 22:15–16 — reads “the angel of [Elohim]” as in some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, “your [beloved] one” from the LXX, and adds “[from me]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the angel of the LORD” and “your son, your only son,” without the added “from me.”


Genesis 23

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

23:2 Kiriath Arba — בְּקִרְיַת־אַרְבַּע, Qiryat-Arba’, is often translated “City of Four” or “Fourfold City,” with אַרְבַּע, arba’ (H704), tied to the number four.

23:2 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, land-surface, or soil itself.

23:6 Hear — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), means to hear with responsive obedience; the equivalent Greek term is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

23:6 lifted up elohim — נְשִׂיא אֱלֹהִים, nesi elohim (H5387 + H430), literally means “lifted up Elohim,” a title used here of Abraham and often flattened in translation to “prince” or “leader of God.”

23:8 entreat — עָתֶר, ‘athar (H6279), often rendered “entreat” or “pray,” means “to intercede,” and is concretely linked with incense rising upward.

23:15 listen — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), again carries the sense of hearing with obedient response.

23:15 shekels — a shekel is the standard silver weight used in valuation and exchange; here the field is priced at four hundred shekels of silver.

23:19 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135) likewise carrying both senses.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 23:2 — reads “[which is in the valley]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan…”

Genesis 23:8 — reads “[the Hethite]” from SP. The NASB reads, “hear me, and approach Ephron the son of Zohar for me…”


Genesis 24

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

24:1 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is the divine name linked with אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, “I will exist” or “I will be.”

24:1 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether in drinking, homage, or gift-giving.

24:2 elder — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205/H2250), literally “bearded one,” came to mean elder or senior; the equivalent Greek term is πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros (G4245).

24:3 swear — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), means “to seven oneself,” binding oneself by oath; the equivalent Greek term is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

24:3 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

24:3 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife”; Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), works the same way.

24:5 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), “woman,” comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man,” and Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), can mean either “woman” or “wife.”

24:7 angel — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), and ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), mean “messenger.”

24:9 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is an ordered, completed thought; the equivalent Greek term is λόγος, logos.

24:10 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” what works properly and is well-fitted to its end; the equivalent Greek term is καλός, kalos (G2570).

24:10 Mesopotamia — Μεσοποταμία, Mesopotamia (G3318), means “between two rivers,” the region between the Tigris and Euphrates.

24:22 beqa — a beqa is about half a shekel in weight.

24:57 ask — שָׁאַל, sha’al (H7592), means “to request,” from the idea of drawing out what is not yet known; the equivalent Greek term is αἰτέω, aiteō (G154).

24:63 went out to meditate — the entry treats this phrase as Isaac’s meditative going out into the field toward evening.

24:67 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), is the language of devoted affection and giving; the equivalent Greek term is ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25).

24:67 death — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” with the doubled Torah form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, carrying intensified death-language.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 24:3 — reads “[the Elohim of the heavens and the land]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD, the God of heaven and the God of earth…”

Genesis 24:7 — reads “[Elohim] of the heavens” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “The LORD, the God of heaven…”

Genesis 24:12 — reads “[Elohim] of my lord Abraham” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “O LORD, the God of my master Abraham…”

Genesis 24:15 — adds “[in his mind]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Before I had finished speaking in my heart…”

Genesis 24:21–22 — reads “[Elohim] had made his journey prosperous” in verse 21 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and adds “[which he put on her nose,]” in verse 22 from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “whether the LORD had made his journey successful or not” and “a gold ring weighing a half-shekel…”

Genesis 24:26–27 — reads “bowed down to [Elohim]” in verse 26 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, reads “Blessed be [the Elohim]” in verse 27 from the LXX, and adds “[He] has led me” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “worshiped the LORD,” “Blessed be the LORD,” and “the LORD has guided me…”

Genesis 24:29–31 — reads “[He] ran out” in verse 29 from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, and “blessed of [Elohim]” in verse 31 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Laban ran outside…” and “Come in, blessed of the LORD!”

Genesis 24:35 — reads “[The Lord] has blessed my lord” and adds “[He] has given him…” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “The LORD has greatly blessed my master… and He has given him…”

Genesis 24:40 — reads “[Elohim], before whom I walk…” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “The LORD, before whom I have walked…”

Genesis 24:42 — reads “[Elohim] of my lord Abraham” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “O LORD, the God of my master Abraham…”

Genesis 24:48–52 — reads “worshiped [Elohim]” and “blessed the [Elohim]” in verse 48 from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts; reads “The thing proceeds from [Elohim]” in verse 50 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts; reads “as [Elohim] has spoken” in verse 51 from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts; and in verse 52 reads that the servant “bowed himself down to the land” with “before the LORD” struck out from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads “worshiped the LORD,” “blessed the LORD,” “The matter comes from the LORD,” “as the LORD has spoken,” and “bowed himself to the ground before the LORD.”

Genesis 24:56 — adds “[seeing that he] has prospered my way” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Do not delay me, since the LORD has prospered my way.”


Genesis 25

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

25:1 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135) likewise carrying both senses.

25:8 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” something working as it should; the equivalent Greek term is καλός, kalos (G2570).

25:8 bearded — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205), concretely points to the hair on a man’s face; a long gray beard became the sign of old age and wisdom.

25:12 birthings — תּוֹלְדוֹת, toledot (H8435), commonly rendered “generations,” comes from יָלַד, yalad (H3205), “to bear” or “to birth.”

25:13 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both belong to what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

25:21 interceded — עָתֶר, ‘athar (H6279), often translated “entreat” or “pray,” means “to intercede,” and is concretely linked with the thick rising of incense.

25:21 listened — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), means to hear and respond with obedience; the equivalent Greek term is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

25:23 womb — רֶחֶם, rechem (H7358), refers to the inward bowels and, in women, especially the womb where children are carried; the related word רָחַם, racham (H7355), is tied to compassion and mercy.

25:23 elder — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2250/H2205), literally “bearded one,” came to mean elder or senior; the equivalent Greek term is πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros (G4245).

25:25 garment — the garment entry treats the outer garment as a rectangular covering that can serve both as clothing and as a blanket.

25:25 Esau — the entry focuses on Genesis 25:25, where Esau emerges red and hairy “like a coat of hair,” matching the name’s immediate narrative setting.

25:27 perfect — תָּמִים, tamiym (H8549), means whole, sound, and free of defect or impairment, having all proper parts; the equivalent Greek term is τέλειος, teleios (G5046), complete, finished, or mature.

25:28 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), is the language of devoted affection and giving; the equivalent Greek term is ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25).

25:32 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” with the Torah’s doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, intensifying the sense.

25:34 devalued — בָּזָה, bazah (H959), means to treat something as spoiled and no longer of value.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 25:5 — adds “[his son]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac.”

Genesis 25:8 — reads “full [of days]” from the LXX, Syriac, and SP. The NASB reads, “Abraham breathed his last and died in a ripe old age, an old man and satisfied {with life;}”

Genesis 25:18 — reads “[dwelled in the face of all his brothers]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “he settled in defiance of all his relatives.”

Genesis 25:21–23 — reads “Isaac interceded to the LORD” in verse 21 from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts, adds “[And his Elohim listened]” in verse 21 from the LXX, reads “seek [Elohim]” in verse 22 from the LXX, and reads “[He] said to her” in verse 23 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Isaac prayed to the LORD on behalf of his wife,” “the LORD answered him,” “she went to inquire of the LORD,” and “The LORD said to her…”

NASB New American Standard Bible (NASB).pdf
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Proceed to Genesis 26-30 https://thecord.life/torah/genesis/

Below is Genesis 26–30.
NASB comparisons use the uploaded NASB PDF.

Genesis 26

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

26:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), usually rendered “land,” is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself, as defined from Genesis 1:9–10 rather than a globe-term.

26:1 Philistines — the Philistines are treated here as descendants of the Casluhim from Mizraim and as the later coastal people of Canaan known from Israel’s conflicts with them.

26:3 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether bending to drink, in homage, or in presenting a tangible gift; from that concrete action it yields the verbal sense “to bless.”

26:3 swore — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), literally means “to seven oneself,” fully binding oneself to an oath; it is paired with Greek ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

26:4 stars — כּוֹכָב, kokhab (H3556), comes from a root sense of “covering of the tent or house” and is concretely represented as a star.

26:4 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), again carries the root sense “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and so yields “blessed” or “to be blessed.”

26:5 statutes — הַחֻקִּים, chuqim (H2706), means decrees or customs that are inscribed or written down.

26:5 Torot — תוֹרֹת, torot, is the plural of תּוֹרָה, Torah, and means teachings or instructions.

26:7 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” from אִישׁ, ish (H376), and is paired with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which likewise carries both senses.

26:9 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” and the doubled Torah form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, is treated literally as “die you died”; the LXX renders it θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanáto apothaneísthe (G2288, G599).

26:10 guilt — אָשַׁם, asham (H816/H817), is a breach of conduct or trespass involving penalty, whether the offense itself or the state of the one who has offended; the page also points to Greek πλημμελήση / ἐπλημμέλησεν and related wrongdoing language.

26:11 death — מוּת, muth (H4191), is the same death-word treated through מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, and the LXX phrase θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanáto apothaneísthe (G2288, G599).

26:14 envied — קַנָּא, qana (H7067), usually rendered “jealous,” is defined here as zeal: single-minded insistence, protectiveness, and fervor, and is paired with Greek ζῆλος, zēlos (G2205); in the piel it can carry the sense “envious.”

26:28 cut a covenant — כָּרַת בְּרִית, karat berit (H3772 + H1285), literally means “cut a covenant,” because the covenant animal is cut in half in the covenant rite.

26:29 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form, as in תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, “you will guard,” and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru, “they will guard.”

26:29 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570), something good, excellent, and well-adapted to its end.

26:29 serve — עָבַד, avad (H5647), means to provide service to another, to work, or to serve the land, and is paired with Greek λατρεύω, latreuō (G3000).

26:35 spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or “breath,” literally means “to travel a prescribed path,” whether of wind, breath, or the spirit of life; the page also relates it to Greek ἐμφυσάω, emphysaō, for breathed life.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 26:2 — reads “[Elohim] appeared to him” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “The LORD appeared to him…”

Genesis 26:5 — adds “Abraham [your father]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “because Abraham obeyed Me…”

Genesis 26:7 — adds “[She is]” from the LXX in “my wife.” The NASB reads, “my wife.”

Genesis 26:12 — reads “[barley]” from the LXX and “[Elohim] blessed him” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Isaac sowed in that land and reaped in the same year a hundredfold. And the LORD blessed him.”

Genesis 26:18 — reads “the wells of water, which [the servants of Abraham his father dug]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the wells of water which had been dug in the days of his father Abraham…”

Genesis 26:29 — reads, “You are now the blessed of [Elohim]” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “You are now the blessed of the LORD.”

Genesis 26:32 — reads, “We [did not] find water” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “We have found water.”

Genesis 27

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

27:1 When Isaac was old — this note places the scene at about 2114 A.M., with Isaac about 132 years old, and relates it to his death at 180 in about 2162 A.M.

27:1 Esau — עֵשָׂו, Esau, is tied to Genesis 25:25, where he comes out red and hairy, “like a hairy garment,” matching the name’s narrative setting.

27:1 elder — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2250), literally means “bearded one,” with the beard as the sign of age and seniority, and is paired with Greek πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros (G4245).

27:2 death — מוּת, muth (H4191), is treated through מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, and the LXX θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanáto apothaneísthe (G2288, G599).

27:4 love — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally means “I will give,” and is paired with Greek ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25), denoting devoted love and affection.

27:4 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

27:4 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root action “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and so yields the verbal sense “to bless.”

27:7 to the face of — לִפְנֵי, lifnei (H6440), literally means “to the face(s) of,” from לִ, li, “to,” פָּנִים, paniym, “faces,” and the suffix נֵי, nei, “of.”

27:7 YHWH — יהוה, YHWH (H3068), is related to אֶהְיֶה, Ehayeh, and is glossed here as “He Exists” or “He Will Be.”

27:8 hear in my voice — שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי, shema beqoli (H8085 + H6963), literally means “hear in my voice,” often flattened in translation to “obey” or “listen to my voice.”

27:9 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

27:11 hairy man — שָׂעִיר, saiyr (H8163), means “hairy,” “he-goat,” “goat-demon,” or “satyr.”

27:12 blessing — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), again comes from kneeling and gift-giving and so underlies “blessing.”

27:14 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally “I will give,” is again the language of devoted affection, paired with Greek ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25).

27:19 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both mark what is chosen as belonging to YHWH, and bikur is related to בָּחַר, bachar (H977), and Greek ἐκλεκτός, eklektos (G1588).

27:23 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), from kneeling in homage, drink, or gift-giving, yields “blessed” as well as “bless.”

27:26 kiss — נָשַׁק, nashaq (H5401), most often means “to kiss,” but at root means “to touch,” whether in love with the lips or in battle with weapons.

27:29 serve — עָבַד, avad (H5647), means to provide service, whether as servant, worker, or one serving the land, and is paired with Greek λατρεύω, latreuō (G3000).

27:40 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form such as תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, or יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru.

27:41 hated — שָׂנֵא, sane (H8130), literally means “to avoid or turn away from,” like avoiding a thorn or barb, and so carries the Hebraic sense of hate as turning away.

27:41 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), when not the physical organ, means the inward man’s mind, inclination, resolve, understanding, and conscience, and is paired with Greek καρδία, kardia (G2588).

27:42 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is an ordered, completed thought; it is paired with Greek λόγος, logos.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 27:27 — reads “the smell of a [full] field” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “like the smell of a field which the LORD has blessed.”

Genesis 27:28 — reads “[The Elohim] give you…” from MTT. The NASB reads, “Now may God give you…”

Genesis 27:38 — adds “[And Isaac being vexed,]” from the LXX. The NASB does not include that clause.

Genesis 28

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

28:1 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root sense “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and so yields “blessed.”

28:1 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word for both “woman” and “wife,” matched by Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

28:2 Aram — Aram is simply identified in the glossary through Genesis 10:22 among the sons of Shem.

28:3 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” with שַׁדַּי, shaddai, derived from שָׁדַיִם, shadayim, “breasts,” and so figuratively signifying abundant provision; the page also notes the Greek and Latin tradition of rendering it as “all powerful.”

28:3 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from kneeling in drink, homage, or gift-giving.

28:3 assembly — קָהֵל, qahal (H6951), means “to gather” and is paired with Greek ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia (G1577), the gathered people called into a public place; it is distinguished from עֵדָה, edah (H5712), a fixed congregation.

28:4 blessing — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), again comes from kneeling and the presentation of a gift, and so underlies “blessing.”

28:4 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself.

28:5 Esau — the name is tied to Genesis 25:25, where he emerges red and hairy, “like a hairy garment.”

28:11 sun — שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh (H8121), refers to the physical sun, the greater light set in the firmament to rule the daytime and give light to the land, and is paired with Greek ἥλιος, helios (G2246).

28:12 dreamed — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze and comes from a root meaning “to pass through”; it is paired with Greek ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), literally something seen in sleep.

28:12 angels — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), often translated “angel” or “messenger,” is one who bears a message or runs an errand, and is paired with Greek ἄγγελος, angelos (G32).

28:14 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form.

28:20 vow — נֶדֶר, neder (H5088), means “to vow,” promising to perform an act if another act is performed.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 28:13 — reads “[And Elohim] stood above it” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and reads “[I am]” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “And behold, the LORD stood above it and said, ‘I am the LORD…’”

Genesis 28:16 — reads, “Surely [Elohim] is in this place” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Surely the LORD is in this place…”

Genesis 28:21 — reads “[He] will be my Elohim” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “then the LORD will be my God.”

Genesis 29

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

29:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

29:2 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats, and is paired with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263).

29:7 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

29:14 new moon — חֹדֶשׁ, chodesh (H2320), literally means “to renew” and is concretely represented by the thin crescent of the renewed moon; it is paired with Greek μηνός, minos (G3376).

29:15 serve — עָבַד, avad (H5647), means to provide a service, whether as servant, worker, or one serving the land, and is paired with Greek λατρεύω, latreuō (G3000).

29:16 elder — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2250), literally “bearded one,” and so elder or senior; it is paired with Greek πρεσβύτερος, presbyteros (G4245).

29:18 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally means “I will give,” and is paired with Greek ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25), denoting devoted love and affection.

29:20 love — אָהַב, ahav (H157), again carries the sense of devoted affection and giving, paired with Greek ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25).

29:21 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word for “woman” and “wife,” matched by Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

29:26 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both signify what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

29:27 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form.

29:31 hated — שָׂנֵא, sane (H8130), literally means “to avoid or turn away from,” like avoiding a thorn or barb.

29:31 womb — רֶחֶם, rechem (H7358), can refer to the bowels generally, but in women especially to the womb; the related word רָחַם, racham (H7355), is tied to compassion and mercy, and the page also notes Greek γαστήρ, gaster (G1064).

29:32 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

29:32 husband — בַּעַל, ba‘al (H1167), means “to rule,” from עֻל, ul (H5923), lifting a yoke onto the shoulders; in the husband sense, the woman is yoked to the man as her owner, lord, or master.

29:33 Shimon — שְׁמוֹ, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

29:34 Levi — לֵוִי, Levi or Lewi (H3878), means “my joining.”

29:35 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 29:7 — reads “[Jacob] said” from the LXX. The NASB reads simply, “He said…”

Genesis 29:17 — adds “[in appearance]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Rachel was beautiful of form and face.”

Genesis 29:25 — reads “[Jacob] said to Laban” from the LXX and reads “[mislead]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “he said to Laban… Why then have you deceived me?”

Genesis 29:27 — reads “[I] will give you the other also…” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “we will give you the other also…”

Genesis 29:32 — reads, “Because [Elohim] has looked at my affliction [and given me a son]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Because the LORD has seen my affliction; surely now my husband will love me.”

Genesis 29:33 — reads, “Because [Elohim] has heard that I am hated…” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Because the LORD has heard that I am unloved…”

Genesis 29:35 — reads, “This time I will praise [Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “This time I will praise the LORD.”

Genesis 30

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

30:1 envied — קַנָּא, qana (H7067), usually rendered “jealous,” is defined here as zeal, protectiveness, and fervor, and is paired with Greek ζῆλος, zēlos (G2205); in the piel it can carry the sense “envious.”

30:1 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” with מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, treated literally as “die you died,” and the LXX rendering θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanáto apothaneísthe.

30:2 womb — רֶחֶם, rechem (H7358), refers to the bowels, and in women especially to the womb; the related word רָחַם, racham (H7355), is tied to compassion and mercy, and the page also notes Greek γαστήρ, gaster (G1064).

30:4 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word for “woman” and “wife,” as with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

30:6 Dan — דָּן, Dan (H1835), means “judge” or moderator.

30:8 Naphtali — נַפְתָּלִי, Naphtali (H5321), means “my wrestling.”

30:11 Gad — גָּד, Gad (H1410), means “troop,” and is sometimes translated “fortune.”

30:13 Happy — אֶשֶׁר, esher (H835), literally means “to straighten a cord,” and so describes a life lived straightly or uprightly; it is paired with Greek μακάριος, makarios (G3107), meaning happy, blessed, fortunate, or well off.

30:13 Asher — אָשֵׁר, Asher (H836), means “happy.”

30:14 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

30:15 husband — בַּעַל, ba‘al (H1167), means “to rule,” from עֻל, ul (H5923), the yoke on the shoulders; in the husband sense the woman is treated as yoked to the man as lord, master, or owner.

30:17 listened — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, hearing carefully and responding with appropriate action; it is paired with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

30:18 Issachar — יִשָּׂשכָר, Yissaschar (H3485), means “there is a wage.”

30:20 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

30:20 Zebulun — זְבֻלוּן, Zevulun (H2074), means “resident” or “dwelling.”

30:21 Dinah — דִּינָה, Dinah (H1783), means “judge” or moderator.

30:22 remembered — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon past events, to remember as memorial, to mention, or to act on behalf of another, and is paired with Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

30:24 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

30:27 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root sense “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and so yields “blessed.”

30:28 Appoint me your wages, and I will give it — נָקְבָה שְׂכָרְךָ עָלַי וְאֶתֵּנָה, naqevah sekharkha ‘alai we’eynah, literally means, “pierce through your wage upon me and I will give,” with נָקְבָה, naqevah (H5344), meaning to pierce or bore through, and by extension to pierce through name or character in curse or blasphemy language.

30:29 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and other domestic or wild animals, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

30:31 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form.

30:32 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats, and is paired with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263).

30:34 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is an ordered, completed thought, and is paired with Greek λόγος, logos.

30:35 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is tied to זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” because the males of the family remember and pass on family history and speak for the family; the page also pairs it with Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 30:22 — reads, “Elohim remembered Rachel, and [he] listened to her” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then God remembered Rachel, and God gave heed to her…”

Genesis 30:24 — reads, “May [Elohim] add another son to me” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “May the LORD give me another son.”

Genesis 30:27 — reads, “I have divined that [Elohim] has blessed me for your sake” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “I have divined that the LORD has blessed me on your account.”

Genesis 30:30 — reads, “[Elohim] has blessed you wherever I turned” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “the LORD has blessed you wherever I turned.”

Ready for Genesis 31–35.

Proceed to Genesis 31–35

Genesis 31

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

31:1 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so a word is an ordered, completed thought rather than empty speech; the Greek equivalent is λόγος, logos.

31:3 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself, kept concrete as ground rather than treated as an abstract globe-term.

31:7 changed my wages for the ten lambs — the note compares the Greek renderings of Genesis 31:7 and 31:41, with LXXE reading “changed my wages for the ten lambs” and ABP reading “bartered my wage for the ten lambs.”

31:9 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and other domestic or wild animals, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or livestock animal.

31:10 dream — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze and comes from a root meaning “to pass through”; the Greek equivalent is ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), something seen in sleep.

31:10 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is tied to זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” because the males of the family remember, preserve, and pass down family history and speak for the family; the page also relates this field to Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

31:11 angel — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), and ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), mean “messenger,” one who bears a message or runs an errand, with מַלְאַךְ tied there to הַלֵּךְ, halaka (H1980), “to walk.”

31:13 vow — נֶדֶר, neder (H5088), means “to vow,” promising to perform an act if another act is performed.

31:19 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats; the Greek equivalent is πρόβατον, probaton (G4263).

31:19 teraphim — תְּרָפִים, teraphim (H8655), are household idols or domestic cult-objects; the entry also notes the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan tradition that associates them with preserved human remains used in divination.

31:21 Gilead — גִּלְעָד, Gil‘ad (H1568), means “witness heap,” from גַּל, gal (H1530), heap, and עֵד, ed (H5707), witness.

31:24 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” something working properly and well-fitted to its purpose; the Greek equivalent is καλός, kalos (G2570).

31:37 sin — חָטָא, chatta (H2398), means to miss the target, whether a literal target or a goal aimed for, and comes from a root tied to measuring with a cord.

31:37 judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a dispute or wrongdoing and decide the case; the Greek equivalent is κριτής, krites (G2923).

31:44 witness — עֵד, ed (H5707), literally means “to repeat,” in the sense that a witness recounts an event to another; the Greek equivalent is μάρτυς, martys (G3144).

31:50 afflict — עָנָה, anah (H6031), means “to be brought low,” and is paired with Greek κακόω, kakoō (G2559), to oppress, afflict, harm, or mistreat.

31:53 swore — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), literally means “to seven oneself,” fully binding oneself by oath; the Greek equivalent is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

31:55 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and from that concrete action yields “bless” and “blessed.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 31:3 — reads “[Elohim] said to Jacob” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Then the LORD said to Jacob, ‘Return to the land of your fathers and to your relatives, and I will be with you.’”

Genesis 31:7 — reads “[changed my wages for the ten lambs]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “your father has cheated me and changed my wages ten times.”

Genesis 31:11 — reads “the angel of [the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB reads, “the angel of God said to me in the dream.”

Genesis 31:44–45 — adds, “[And he said to him, ‘Look, there is no one with us; see, Elohim is witness between me and you.’]” from the LXX. The NASB has no added sentence there, and reads, “So now come, let us make a covenant, you and I, and let it be a witness between you and me. Then Jacob took a stone and set it up as a pillar.”

Genesis 31:49 — reads “[Elohim] watch between me and you” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “May the LORD watch between you and me when we are absent one from the other.”

Genesis 31:53 — adds “[the Elohim of their father,]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts and the LXX. The NASB reads, “The God of Abraham and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.”

Genesis 32

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

32:1 angels — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), often translated “angel” or “messenger,” is one who bears a message or runs an errand, and is paired with Greek ἄγγελος, angelos (G32).

32:3 messengers — מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), and ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), again carry the sense of messengers sent on another’s behalf.

32:3 Esau — עֵשָׂו, Esau, is tied to Genesis 25:25, where he comes out red and hairy, “like a hairy garment,” matching the narrative setting of his name.

32:3 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

32:5 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and other domestic or wild animals, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

32:5 male — זָכוּר, zakhur (H2138), is tied to זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), “to remember,” and the page also relates this field to Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

32:9 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and is paired with Greek καλός, kalos (G2570).

32:10 staff — מַטֶּה, matteh (H4294), can mean branch, rod, staff, or tribe, with the concrete idea of something stretched out or extended in the hand.

32:26 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root action “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving.

32:29 ask — שָׁאַל, sha’al (H7592), means “to request,” from the idea of drawing out what is not yet known; the Greek equivalent is αἰτέω, aiteō (G154).

32:31 sun — שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh (H8121), is the physical sun, the greater light set in the firmament to rule the daytime and give light to the land; the Greek equivalent is ἥλιος, helios (G2246).

32:31 thigh — יֶרֶךְ, yerekh (H3409), is the thigh, hip, or loin region, and is paired with Greek μηρός, mēros (G3382).

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 32:28 — reads “you have prevailed with Elohim and with [mighty] men” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “for you have striven with God and with men and have prevailed.”

Genesis 33

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

33:1 Esau — עֵשָׂו, Esau, is tied to Genesis 25:25, where he comes out red and hairy, “like a hairy garment.”

33:2 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

33:13 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and other domestic or wild animals, and is paired with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

33:17 booths — סֻּכּוֹת, sukkot, is the plural of סֻּכָּה, sukkah, a temporary booth or shelter, from a root meaning to cover or hedge about in protection.

33:18 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

33:18 Aram — Aram is identified through Genesis 10:22 among the sons of Shem.

33:20 El Elohe Israel — אֵל אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, El Elohe Yisra’el, is the altar-name meaning “El, the Elohim of Israel.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

No marked verse differences are noted on the page for Genesis 33.

Genesis 34

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

34:1 Dinah — דִּינָה, Dinah (H1783), means “judge” or moderator.

34:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

34:2 afflicted — the entry relates this word-family to being brought low, humbled, or oppressed under harsh treatment.

34:3 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

34:3 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally means “I will give,” and is paired with Greek ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25), denoting devoted love and affection.

34:3 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), means the inward man’s mind, inclination, resolve, understanding, and conscience, and is paired with Greek καρδία, kardia (G2588).

34:4 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same lexical item used for both “woman” and “wife,” matched by Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135).

34:12 ask — שָׁאַל, sha’al (H7592), means “to request,” from the idea of drawing out what is not yet known; the Greek equivalent is αἰτέω, aiteō (G154).

34:14 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is an ordered, completed thought; the Greek equivalent is λόγος, logos.

34:17 listen — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), means to hear and obey, carefully taking in what is said and responding with fitting action; the Greek equivalent is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

34:18 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), again carries the sense of ordered, completed speech rather than empty utterance; the Greek equivalent is λόγος, logos.

34:24 listened — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, hearing carefully and responding with appropriate action; it is paired with Greek ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

34:25 males — זָכָר, zakhar / זָכוּר, zakhur, is tied to remembrance and family representation, with the masculine field connected there with Greek μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

34:29 little ones — טַף, taf (H2945), refers to children or little ones, those who move with quick, light steps.

34:31 whore — זָנָה, zanah (H2181), literally means to commit illicit sexual acts and by extension to prostitute oneself or be unfaithful.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 34:7 — reads “a foolish [indecent] act in Israel” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “a disgraceful thing in Israel.”

Genesis 35

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

35:2 foreign — נֵכָר, nekhar (H5236), means foreign, strange, or belonging to another, and is paired with Greek ἀλλότριος, allotrios (G245), another’s or foreign.

35:2 garments — the entry surveys Hebrew clothing terms such as בֶּגֶד, beged, שִׂמְלָה, simlah, and כְּסוּת, kesuth, alongside Greek χιτών, chitōn, and ἱμάτιον, himation, distinguishing inner and outer garments.

35:6 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

35:9 Aram — Aram is identified through Genesis 10:22 among the sons of Shem.

35:9 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether in drink, homage, or gift-giving, and from that concrete action yields “bless” and “blessed.”

35:11 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” with שַׁדַּי, shaddai, derived from שָׁדַיִם, shadayim, “breasts,” and so figuratively signifying abundant provision.

35:11 assembly — קָהֵל, qahal (H6951), means “to gather” and is paired with Greek ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia (G1577), the gathered people called into a public place.

35:18 soul — נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

35:18 Benjamin — בִּנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

35:23 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

35:23 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both belong to the field of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

35:23 Shimon — שִׁמְעוֹן, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

35:23 Levi — לֵוִי, Levi or Lewi (H3878), means “my joining.”

35:23 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

35:23 Issachar — יִשָּׂשכָר, Yissaschar (H3485), means “there is a wage.”

35:23 Zebulun — זְבֻלוּן, Zevulun (H2074), means “resident” or “dwelling.”

35:24 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

35:25 Dan — דָּן, Dan (H1835), means “judge” or moderator.

35:25 Naphtali — נַפְתָּלִי, Naphtali (H5321), means “my wrestling.”

35:26 Gad — גָּד, Gad (H1410), means “troop,” and is sometimes translated “fortune.”

35:26 Asher — אָשֵׁר, Asher (H836), means “happy.”

35:27 Kiriath Arba — קִרְיַת־אַרְבַּע, Qiryat-Arba’, is often taken as “City of Four” or “Fourfold City,” with אַרְבַּע, arba’ tied to the number four.

35:29 spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or “breath,” literally carries the idea of traveling a prescribed path, whether of wind, breath, or spirit.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

No marked verse differences are noted on the page for Genesis 35.

NASB New American Standard Bible (NASB).pdf
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Proceed to Genesis 36-40 https://thecord.life/torah/genesis/

Below is Genesis 36–40. NASB comparisons use the uploaded NASB PDF.

Genesis 36

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

36:1 birthings — תּוֹלְדוֹת, toledot (H8435), commonly rendered “generations,” comes from יָלַד, yalad (H3205), “to bear” or “to birth,” so the term points concretely to birthings or what is brought forth.

36:1 Esau — עֵשָׂו, Esau (H6215), is tied to Genesis 25:25, where he comes out red and hairy, “like a hairy garment,” matching the narrative setting of his name.

36:2 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” and the Greek equivalent γυνή, gynē (G1135), likewise carries both senses.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 36:6 — reads “[out from the land of Canaan]” from the LXX, SP, and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Then Esau took his wives and his sons and his daughters and all his household, and his livestock and all his cattle and all his goods which he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and went to {another} land away from his brother Jacob.”

Genesis 36:32 — reads “[Balak]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Bela the son of Beor reigned in Edom, and the name of his city was Dinhabah.”

Genesis 36:33 — again reads “[Balak]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah became king in his place.”

Genesis 36:39 — reads “[Hadad]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then Baal-hanan the son of Achbor died, and Hadar became king in his place…”

Genesis 37

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

37:2 birthings — תּוֹלְדוֹת, toledot (H8435), commonly rendered “generations,” comes from יָלַד, yalad (H3205), “to bear” or “to birth,” so it points to what is brought forth in a family line.

37:3 loved — אָהַב, ahav (H157), literally carries the sense “I will give,” and the Greek equivalent is ἀγαπάω, agapaō (G25), the language of devoted love and affection.

37:3 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

37:5 dreamed — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze and comes from a root meaning “to pass through”; the Greek equivalent is ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), something seen in sleep.

37:6 hear — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear with responsive attention and obedience; the Greek equivalent is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

37:8 reign — the glossary treats reign in the concrete sense of ruling as king, exercising dominion and authority rather than merely holding an abstract title.

37:8 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so a word is an ordered, completed thought rather than empty speech; the Greek equivalent is λόγος, logos.

37:9 moon — the moon glossary treats the moon concretely as the lesser light that marks times and cycles, in distinction from the sun.

37:9 sun — שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh (H8121), is the physical sun, the greater light set in the heavens to rule the daytime and give light to the land; the Greek equivalent is ἥλιος, helios (G2246).

37:11 envied — קַנָּא, qana (H7067), usually rendered “jealous,” is defined here as zeal, protectiveness, and fervor; the Greek equivalent is ζῆλος, zēlos (G2205), and in context it can carry the sense “envied.”

37:34 Sheol — שְׁאוֹל, Sheol (H7585), is the grave, the pit, or the place of the dead, kept concrete as the realm to which the dead go rather than abstracted into later categories.

37:36 eunuch — סָרִיס, saris, is the court-official term often rendered “eunuch,” whether literally castrated or serving as a royal officer.

37:36 ruler of the slaughterers — רַב הַטַּבָּחִים, rav hattabbachim, literally means “chief of the slaughterers,” the officer over the executioners or royal guard, often flattened in English to “captain of the bodyguard.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 37:2 — reads “[their] father’s wives” from MTT. The NASB reads, “his father’s wives.”

Genesis 37:3 — reads “a tunic [of many colors]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “a varicolored tunic.”

Genesis 37:9 — adds “[to his father and]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now he had still another dream, and related it to his brothers…”

Genesis 37:18 — reads “[acted craftily with him]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “they plotted against him to put him to death.”

Genesis 37:36 — reads “[Midianites]” from the LXX and “[the eunuch]” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Meanwhile, the Midianites sold him in Egypt to Potiphar, Pharaoh’s officer, the captain of the bodyguard.”

Genesis 38

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

38:1 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

38:1 Adullamite — an Adullamite is an inhabitant of Adullam, here marking Hirah by his place of origin.

38:6 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word for both “woman” and “wife,” and the Greek equivalent γυνή, gynē (G1135), likewise carries both senses.

38:6 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits; both belong to the field of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

38:7 wickedness — the glossary treats wickedness as concrete evil conduct, crooked action, and active wrongdoing rather than a merely abstract moral category.

38:12 shepherd — a shepherd is the one who watches, leads, and protects the flock in the field.

38:15 whore — זָנָה, zanah (H2181), means to commit illicit sexual acts and by extension to prostitute oneself or act unfaithfully.

38:18 staff — מַטֶּה, matteh (H4294), can mean rod, staff, branch, or tribe, with the concrete idea of something stretched out or extended in the hand.

38:24 whoring — the glossary treats whoring as the action of sexual unfaithfulness or prostitution, extending from literal sexual conduct into covenantal unfaithfulness in broader usage.

38:27 womb — רֶחֶם, rechem (H7358), refers to the inward bowels and, in women especially, the womb where children are carried; the related word רָחַם, racham (H7355), is tied to compassion and mercy.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 38:7 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But Er, Judah’s firstborn, was evil in the sight of the LORD…”

Genesis 38:10 — again reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But what he did was displeasing in the sight of the LORD; so He took his life also.”

Genesis 39

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

39:1 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

39:1 chief of the cooks — רַב הַטַּבָּחִים, rav hattabbachim, literally means “chief of the slaughterers,” the officer over the executioners or royal guard, often rendered more loosely in English as “captain of the bodyguard.”

39:9 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” and the Greek equivalent γυνή, gynē (G1135), likewise carries both senses.

39:9 sin — חָטָא, chata (H2398), means to miss the target, whether a literal target or a goal aimed for, and comes from a root tied to measuring with a cord.

39:20 prison house — the glossary treats the prison house as the confined place of keeping, a house of custody rather than merely an abstract penal institution.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 39:1 — reads Potiphar as “[eunuch]” from the LXX and MTT. The NASB reads, “Potiphar, an Egyptian officer of Pharaoh, the captain of the bodyguard…”

Genesis 39:3 — reads “[Elohim]” twice from the LXX. The NASB reads, “the LORD was with him” and “the LORD caused all that he did to prosper in his hand.”

Genesis 39:4 — reads “[the sight of his master]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads, “So Joseph found favor in his sight…”

Genesis 39:6 — reads “[handsome in form, and exceedingly beautiful in appearance]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now Joseph was handsome in form and appearance.”

Genesis 39:17 — adds “[and said to me, ‘Let me sleep with you.’]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then she spoke to him with these words, ‘The Hebrew slave, whom you brought to us, came in to me to make sport of me;’”

Genesis 39:21 — reads “[Elohim]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “But the LORD was with Joseph and extended kindness to him…”

Genesis 39:23 — reads “[Elohim]” twice from the LXX. The NASB reads, “because the LORD was with him; and whatever he did, the LORD made to prosper.”

Genesis 40

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

40:1 eunuchs — סָרִיסִים, sarisim, is the court-official term usually rendered “eunuchs,” whether literally castrated or functioning as royal officers.

40:5 dream — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze and comes from a root meaning “to pass through”; the Greek equivalent is ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), something seen in sleep.

40:8 interpretation — the glossary treats interpretation as the unfolding or making known of the meaning of a dream or message.

40:14 mention — the glossary treats mention as causing another to remember or bringing a matter to remembrance before someone else.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 40:2 — reads “[eunuchs]” from the LXX and MTT. The NASB reads, “Pharaoh was furious with his two officials, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.”

Genesis 40:7 — again reads “[eunuchs]” from the LXX and MTT. The NASB reads, “He asked Pharaoh’s officials who were with him in confinement in his master’s house…”

Ready for Genesis 41–45.

Proceed with Genesis 41–45

Genesis 41

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

41:1 dreamed — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means “to gaze” and comes from a root word meaning “to pass through.” The equivalent Greek word is ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), from en + hypnos, “something seen or gazed upon in sleep.”

41:2 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), often rendered “beast,” refers to both wild and domestic animals, including cattle and livestock. The equivalent Greek word is κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), a beast of burden or four-footed livestock animal.

41:5 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” literally “to contain the house,” describing what works properly and is well adapted to its purpose. The equivalent Greek word is καλός, kalos (G2570).

41:6 east wind — the east wind is treated in the glossary through the Enochic portal tradition as the destructive wind from the east, associated with desolation, drought, heat, and destruction. The entry frames it as one of the winds proceeding over the land in ordered paths.

41:8 spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or breath, literally means “to travel a prescribed path.” The equivalent Greek word is πνεῦμα, pneuma; the entry also places נְשָׁמָה, neshamah (H5397), beside Greek ἐμφυσάω, emphysaō, for breathed life.

41:9 remember — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon events of the past, to remember in thought, to mention through speech, or to act on behalf of another. The equivalent Greek word is μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

41:10 chief of the cooks — שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Sar HaTabbachim (H8269 + H2867), literally means “ruler of the slaughterers,” often flattened into “executioner” or a similar court title. The entry connects the office with slaughtering and preparing animals and notes the Jubilees tradition that Potiphar, Pharaoh’s eunuch, filled this role.

41:12 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

41:15 hear — שָׁמַע, shama’ (H8085), means “to hear and obey,” in the sense of hearing carefully and responding with fitting action. The equivalent Greek word is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

41:15 interpret — פִּתְרוֹן, pitrôn (H6623), means “to open,” in the sense of opening up a text or speech so that it can be understood, from a root meaning to break open and reveal fruit.

41:16 Without me, Elohim will give no answer concerning the welfare of Pharaoh — בִּלְעָדָי אֱלֹהִים לֹא יַעֲנֶה אֶת־שְׁלוֹם פַּרְעֹה, bil‘adai Elohim lo ya‘aneh et-shelom Par‘oh, is discussed from 4Q9 Genesis^j^ 41:15–16 as a reading also reflected in the Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch. The entry notes that this form can sound more abrupt or even potentially arrogant, which it suggests may explain why a second negative was altered in another line of transmission.

41:19 helpless — דַּל, dal (H1800), means “helpless,” a weak person hanging the head in poverty or hunger. The entry notes that the same word is often rendered “poor,” “needy,” or “lean.”

41:29 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the substance of the land-surface or soil as defined in Genesis 1:9–10. The entry prefers that concrete sense over the globe-term use of “earth.”

41:45 Zaphenath-Paneah — צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ, Zaphenath-Paneah (H6847), is treated as an Egyptian name meaning “treasury of the glorious rest.” The entry also cites Josephus, who connects it with Joseph as a revealer of secrets.

41:45 priest of On — On is identified with Elew, called Ἡλιούπολις, Heliopolis, in Greek, a lower Egyptian city near Goshen and a center of sun-worship. The entry also links it with בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ, Beth Shemesh (H1053), in the sense of a “house of the sun.”

41:45 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife.” The equivalent Greek word is γυνή, gynē (G1135), which likewise carries both senses.

41:51 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means “firstborn” of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means “firstfruits.” Both belong to the field of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH, and bikur is tied to בָּחַר, bachar (H977), “to choose,” with Greek ἐκλεκτός, eklektos (G1588), “chosen” or “elect.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 41:16 — reads “[Without me, Elohim will give no answer concerning the welfare of Pharaoh.]” from the DSS. The NASB reads, “It is not in me; God will give Pharaoh a favorable answer.”

Genesis 41:22–24 — adds “[And I fell asleep]” in verse 22 from the LXX and adds “[And the seven]” in verse 24 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “I saw also in my dream…” and “the thin ears swallowed the seven good ears.”

Genesis 41:25, 28 — reads “[the Elohim]” in verse 25 from MTT and adds “[And the word which I have said to Pharaoh, the Elohim will do as much to show to Pharaoh.]” in verse 28 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “God has told to Pharaoh what He is about to do” and “God has shown to Pharaoh what He is about to do.”

Genesis 41:48 — reads “[when there was abundance]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “So he gathered all the food of these seven years which occurred in the land of Egypt…”

Genesis 41:56 — reads “opened all the store houses [of grain]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Joseph opened all the storehouses.”


Genesis 42

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

42:2 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die.” The Torah’s doubled form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, is treated literally in the glossary, and the equivalent Greek phrasing is θανάτῳ ἀποθανεῖσθε, thanatō apothaneisthe (G2288, G599).

42:3 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

42:4 Benjamin — בִנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

42:5 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

42:9 remembered — זָכַר, zakhar (H2142), means to recall or act upon past events, to remember in thought, mention in speech, or act on behalf of another. The equivalent Greek word is μιμνῄσκομαι, mimnēskomai (G3403).

42:9 dreams — חֲלוֹם, chalom (H2472), means to gaze, from a root meaning “to pass through.” The equivalent Greek word is ἐνύπνιον, enypnion (G1798), “something seen in sleep.”

42:9 nakedness — עֶרְוָה, ‘erva (H6172), comes from a root meaning the body laid bare or naked, and refers to pudenda, shameful exposure, nakedness, indecency, or improper behavior. The equivalent Greek word is ἀσχημοσύνη, aschēmosynē (G808).

42:15 tested — נָסָה, nasah (H5254), means “to test” in order to prove one worthy of being lifted up, from נָסָ, nas, “to lift up.” The equivalent Greek word is πειράζω, peirazō (G3985).

42:16 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that words are completed thoughts, not incoherent babble. The equivalent Greek word is λόγος, logos.

42:36 Shimon — שְׁמוֹן, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

42:37 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see a son.”

42:38 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form, as in תִּשְׁמְרוּ, tishm’ru, “you will guard,” and יִשְׁמְרוּ, yishm’ru, “they will guard.”

42:38 Sheol — שְׁאוֹל, Sheol (H7585), is the place of the dead, often rendered grave, pit, hell, or underworld. The entry relates it to שְׁאַל, sha’al (H7592), “to ask,” and pairs it with Greek ᾅδης, Hades (G86), the unseen realm of the dead.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 42:5 — reads “[grain]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “So the sons of Israel came to buy grain among those who were coming…”

Genesis 42:11 — reads “[peaceable] men” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “We are all sons of one man; we are honest men…”

Genesis 42:18–20 — reads “I fear [the Elohim]” in verse 18 from MTT, reads “[peaceable] men” in verse 19 from the LXX, and adds “[and] carry grain” in verse 19 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “I fear God,” “if you are honest men,” and “go, carry grain for the famine of your households.”

Genesis 42:30–34 — reads “took us [in custody] for spies” in verse 30 from the LXX, reads “[peaceable] men” in verses 31, 33, and 34 from the LXX, and reads “[grain]” in verse 33 from the LXX. The NASB reads, “took us for spies of the country,” “honest men,” and “take grain for the famine of your households.”


Genesis 43

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

43:1 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

43:3 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

43:8 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” with the doubled Torah form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, treated literally in the glossary.

43:8 little ones — טַפָּם, tapam (H2945), is often rendered “little ones,” infants, or babies, though the glossary notes that the Septuagint sometimes uses ἀποσκευή, aposkeuē / aposkeuazó (G643), language of personal property or baggage in some contexts.

43:10 forever — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “to a hidden time,” a time hidden from the present in past or future. The equivalent Greek phrase is εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, eis ton aiōna, “in the age.”

43:14 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” with שַׁדַּי, shaddai, derived from שָׁדַיִם, shadayim, “breasts,” and so figuratively signifying abundant provision. The entry notes that the Septuagint and Vulgate render shaddai as “all powerful.”

43:14 mercy — חֶסֶד, chesed (H2617), refers to acts of kindness taken to help another. The equivalent Greek word is ἔλεος, eleos (G1656), kindness or goodwill toward the miserable and afflicted joined with a desire to help them.

43:15 Benjamin — בִנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

43:17 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

43:27 bearded — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205), concretely represents the beard, with a long gray beard becoming the sign of old age and wisdom, and therefore elder status.

43:28 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from a root meaning “to kneel,” whether to drink, in homage, or to present a gift, and from that action yields “bless” and “blessed.”

43:30 bowels — מֵעֶה, me’eh (H4578), literally glossed there as “unknown eye” or “mighty eye,” refers to the gut, inward organs, belly, womb, or other internal parts, and metaphorically to the inward seat of emotion.

43:32 abomination — תּוֹעֵבָה, to‘ebah (H8441), means to hate something as disgusting, to feel intense or passionate dislike for it.

43:33 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits, both belonging to the field of what is chosen as belonging to YHWH.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 43:26 — reads “bowed themselves down to him with their [face] to the ground” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “bowed to the ground before him.”

Genesis 43:28 — adds “[Then he said, ‘Blessed be that man by Elohim.’]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads, “They said, ‘Your servant our father is well; he is still alive.’ They bowed down in homage.”


Genesis 44

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

44:2 word — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that a word is a completed thought rather than incoherent speech. The equivalent Greek word is λόγος, logos.

44:4 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

44:4 ask — שָׁאַל, sha’al (H7592), means “to request,” from the idea of drawing out what is not yet known. The equivalent Greek word is αἰτέω, aiteō (G154).

44:4 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and the equivalent Greek word is καλός, kalos (G2570).

44:6 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so words are ordered, completed thoughts. The equivalent Greek word is λόγος, logos.

44:8 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

44:9 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die.”

44:10 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form.

44:12 Benjamin — בִנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

44:14 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

44:20 bearded — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205), concretely represents the beard, and therefore old age and elder status.

44:27 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), from אִישׁ, ish (H376), is the same word for both “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), likewise carrying both senses.

44:29 Sheol — שְׁאוֹל, Sheol (H7585), is the place of the dead, paired in the glossary with Greek ᾅδης, Hades (G86), the unseen realm.

44:32 forever — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “to a hidden time,” with the Greek equivalent phrase εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, eis ton aiōna, “in the age.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 44:5 — adds “[Why have you stolen my silver cup?]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Is not this the one from which my lord drinks and which he indeed uses for divination?”

Genesis 44:31 — reads “when he sees that the boy is not [with us]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads, “when he sees that the lad is not {with us,} he will die.”


Genesis 45

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

45:1 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

45:6 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, the land-surface or soil itself.

45:10 you will — the suffix וּ, ’u, marks a second- or third-person masculine plural form.

45:12 Benjamin — בִנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

45:18 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” and the equivalent Greek word is καλός, kalos (G2570).

45:19 little ones — טַפָּם, tapam (H2945), is often rendered “little ones,” infants, or babies, though the glossary notes that the Septuagint sometimes uses ἀποσκευή, aposkeuē / aposkeuazó (G643) in related contexts.

45:26 heart — לֵב, lev (H3820), when not naming the physical organ, means the inward man’s mind, inclination, determination, understanding, and conscience. The equivalent Greek word is καρδία, kardia (G2588).

45:26 believe — אֱמוּנָה, emunah (H530), means firm and complete trust or confidence. It is the feminine noun form of אֵמוּן, emun, “to be firm,” represented concretely as a supporting pillar. The equivalent Greek word is πίστις, pistis (G4102).

45:27 words — דָּבָר, davar (H1697), means “to order,” so that words are ordered, completed thoughts. The equivalent Greek word is λόγος, logos.

45:27 spirit — רוּחַ, ruach (H7307), commonly rendered “spirit,” “wind,” or breath, literally means “to travel a prescribed path,” and is paired with Greek πνεῦμα, pneuma.

45:28 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

No marked verse differences are noted on the page for Genesis 45.

Proceed to the final chapters 46-50

Genesis 46

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

46:2 vision — חִזָּיוֹן, chizayon (H2384), means “to see” beyond what is physically seen, and shares its root with חָזִיז, chaziz (H2385), a flash of light, lightning, or a moment of vision in the dark.

46:5 little ones — טַפָּם, tapam (H2945), means little ones, infants, or babies. The entry also notes the Greek ἀποσκευήν / ἀποσκευάζω, aposkeuē / aposkeuazō (G643), used in some contexts for belongings or baggage.

46:6 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to animals, including cattle and livestock, whether wild or domestic. The Greek equivalent given is κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934).

46:6 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself, rather than an abstract globe-term.

46:8 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

46:8 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits. The entry ties both to what is chosen as belonging to YHWH, relating bikur to בָּחַר, bachar (H977), and Greek ἐκλεκτός, eklektos (G1588).

46:10 Shimon — שִׁמְעוֹן, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

46:10 woman — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), comes from אִישׁ, ish (H376), “man.” The entry pairs it with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), which can mean either “woman” or “wife,” depending on context.

46:11 Levi — לֵוִי, Levi or Lewi (H3878), means “my joining.”

46:11 Gershon — גֵּרְשׁוֹן, Gershon (H1648), is related to being driven out or evicted, the sense of being compelled to sojourn in a foreign place.

46:11 Qohath — קְהָת, Qehat or Qohath (H6955), means “allied.”

46:11 Merari — מְרָרִי, Merari (H4547), means “my bitterness.”

46:13 Puah — the entry notes the Jerusalem Targum identification of the second midwife פוּעָה, Puah, with Miriam.

46:15 Dinah — דִּינָה, Dinah (H1783), means “judge” or moderator.

46:15 souls — נֶפֶשׁ / נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person or animal as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

46:19 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), functioning the same way.

46:20 priest of On — On is identified with Ἡλιούπολις, Heliopolis, a lower Egyptian city near Goshen and a center of sun-worship. The entry also relates it to בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ, Beth Shemesh (H1053), “house of the sun.”

46:21 Benjamin — בִּנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

46:30 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die,” and the doubled Torah form מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut, is treated literally in the entry.

46:32 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats. The Greek equivalent given is πρόβατον, probaton (G4263).

46:34 abomination — תּוֹעֵבָה, to‘ebah (H8441), means to hate something as disgusting, with strong or passionate revulsion.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 46:2 — reads “[vision]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “God spoke to Israel in visions of the night…”

Genesis 46:12 — reads “[Hamuel]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads, “And the sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul.”

Genesis 46:13 — reads “[Puah]” from the LXX and SP and “[Yashub]” from the LXX, SP, and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “The sons of Issachar: Tola and Puvvah and Iob and Shimron.”

Genesis 46:16 — reads “[Zephon]” from the LXX and adds “[and]” before “Shuni” and before “Eri” from the LXX and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “The sons of Gad: Ziphion and Haggi, Shuni and Ezbon, Eri and Arodi and Areli.”

Genesis 46:27 — reads “[seventy-five]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “all the persons of the house of Jacob, who came to Egypt, were seventy.”


Genesis 47

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

47:3 sheep — צֹאן, tson (H6629), is a flock of small cattle such as sheep and goats, with Greek πρόβατον, probaton (G4263) as its Greek equivalent.

47:6 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground, land-surface, or soil itself.

47:6 livestock — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to animals, including cattle and livestock. Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), is the equivalent given.

47:7 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root sense “to kneel,” whether to drink, in homage, or in presenting a gift, and from that action yields “bless” and “blessed.”

47:19 die — מוּת, muth (H4191), means “to die.” The entry also notes the intensified Torah construction מוֹת תָּמוּת, mot tamut.

47:24 little ones — טַפָּם, tapam (H2945), means little ones, infants, or babies.

47:26 statute — חֹק / חֻקִּים, choq / chuqim (H2706), refers to an inscribed decree, written custom, or prescribed ordinance.

47:29 thigh — יֶרֶךְ, yerekh (H3409), is the thigh, hip, or loins region. The Greek equivalent given is μηρός, mēros (G3382).

47:31 swear — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), literally means “to seven oneself,” fully binding oneself by oath. The Greek equivalent given is ὀμνύω, omnyō (G3660).

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 47:16 — reads “[bread]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Give up your livestock, and I will give you food for your livestock…”

Genesis 47:21 — reads “[he brought them into bondage]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “As for the people, he removed them to the cities from one end of Egypt’s border to the other.”

Genesis 47:31 — reads “[on the head of his staff]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Then Israel bowed in worship at the head of the bed.”


Genesis 48

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

48:3 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” with שַׁדַּי, shaddai, derived from שָׁדַיִם, shadayim, “breasts,” and therefore signifying abundant provision. The entry notes that the Septuagint and Vulgate render it as “all powerful.”

48:3 blessed — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root sense “to kneel,” and from that action yields “bless” and “blessed.”

48:4 assembly — קָהֵל, qahal (H6951), means “to gather,” and is paired with Greek ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia (G1577), the gathered assembly.

48:4 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself.

48:4 everlasting — עוֹלָם, ‘olam, literally means “a hidden time,” whether hidden in past or future. The Greek equivalent given is αἰώνιος / αἰώνιον, aiōnios / aionion.

48:5 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

48:5 Shimon — שִׁמְעוֹן, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

48:7 Aram — Aram is identified in the entry through Genesis 10:22 among the sons of Shem.

48:14 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits.

48:16 angel — ἄγγελος, angelos (G32), equivalent to Hebrew מַלְאַךְ, malakh (H4397), means messenger, one sent to bear a message or run an errand.

48:19 fullness of the nations — מְלֹא הַגּוֹיִם, melo hagoyim (H4393 + H1471), is the expression used for “fullness of the nations.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 48:1 — adds “[, he went to Jacob]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “Now it came about after these things that Joseph was told, ‘Behold, your father is sick.’ So he took his two sons Manasseh and Ephraim with him.”

Genesis 48:7 — reads “Paddan [Aram]” from the LXX and SP. The NASB reads, “Now as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel died…”

Genesis 48:15 — reads “[The Elohim]” twice from MTT. The NASB reads, “The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked, The God who has been my shepherd all my life to this day…”


Genesis 49

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

49:2 hear — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), means to hear and obey, hearing carefully and responding with fitting action. The Greek equivalent given is ἀκούω, akouō (G191).

49:2 listen — שָׁמַע, shama‘ (H8085), again carries the sense of hearing with responsive obedience.

49:3 Reuben — רְאוּבֵן, Re’uven (H7205), means “see, a son.”

49:3 firstborn — בְּכוֹר, bekor (H1060), means firstborn of the womb, while בִּכּוּר, bikur (H1061), means firstfruits.

49:5 Shimon — שִׁמְעוֹן, Shim‘on (H8095), means “hearer.”

49:5 Levi — לֵוִי, Levi or Lewi (H3878), means “my joining.”

49:6 soul — נֶפֶשׁ / נַפְשֹׁ, nephesh (H5315), means “being,” the whole living person as the unity of body, organs, and breath.

49:6 assembly — קָהֵל, qahal (H6951), means “to gather,” and is paired with Greek ἐκκλησία, ekklēsia (G1577).

49:6 cattle — בְּהֵמָה, behemah (H929), refers broadly to cattle and livestock, with Greek κτῆνος, ktēnos (G2934), as its equivalent.

49:8 Judah — יְהוּדָה, Yehudah (H3063), means “thanksgiving” or praise.

49:10 staff — מַטֶּה, matteh (H4294), can mean rod, staff, branch, or tribe, with the concrete sense of something stretched out or held in the hand.

49:15 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” what works properly and is well-suited to its purpose. The Greek equivalent given is καλός, kalos (G2570).

49:15 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself.

49:16 judge — שָׁפַט, shaphat (H8199), means to rule over a case or dispute and decide it. The Greek equivalent given is κριτής, krites (G2923).

49:16 tribes — מַטֵּה, matteh (H4294), literally “branch,” is also used for a tribe, as a branch of a family line.

49:17 serpent — נָחָשׁ, nachash (H5175), is the serpent, tied in the glossary to the verbal field נָחַשׁ, nachash (H5178).

49:19 Gad — גָּד, Gad (H1410), means “troop,” and is sometimes rendered “fortune.”

49:20 Asher — אָשֵׁר, Asher (H836), means “happy.”

49:21 Naphtali — נַפְתָּלִי, Naphtali (H5321), means “my wrestling.”

49:22 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

49:24 shepherd — רָעָה, ra‘ah (H7462), means to feed, pasture, or shepherd. The Greek equivalent given is ποιμήν, poimēn (G4166).

49:25 El Shaddai — אֵל שַׁדַּי, El Shaddai (H410 + H7706), literally means “Mighty Breasted One,” signifying abundant provision.

49:25 bless — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), comes from the root sense “to kneel,” and from that yields “bless” and “blessed.”

49:25 womb — רֶחֶם, rechem (H7358), refers to the inward parts and especially the womb; the related root רָחַם, racham (H7355), is tied to mercy and compassion.

49:27 Benjamin — בִּנְיָמִין, Binyamin (H1144), means “son of the right hand.”

49:28 blessing — בָּרַךְ, barakh (H1288), underlies the nounal idea of blessing through the same root action of kneeling, homage, or gift-giving.

49:31 wife — אִשָּׁה, ishah (H802), is the same word used for both “woman” and “wife,” with Greek γυνή, gynē (G1135), functioning the same way.

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 49:5 — reads “[caves]” from MTT. The NASB reads, “Shimon and Levi are brothers; Their swords are implements of violence.”

Genesis 49:10 — reads “until Shiloh [he comes to whom it belongs]” from the LXX, SP, and some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “Until Shiloh comes, And to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.”

Genesis 49:18 — reads “[Elohim]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “For Your salvation I wait, O LORD.”

Genesis 49:24 — adds “[by the name]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “From the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob (From there is the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel)…”

Genesis 49:25 — reads “[El Shaddai]” from some of the earliest ancient manuscripts. The NASB reads, “And by the Almighty who blesses you…”

Genesis 49:26 — reads “[ancient mountains]” from the LXX. The NASB reads, “The blessings of your father Have surpassed the blessings of my ancestors Up to the utmost bound of the everlasting hills…”


Genesis 50

Endnotes — Glossary Terms

50:1 Joseph — יוֹסֵף, Yoseph (H3130), means “He will add.”

50:5 swear — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), literally means “to seven oneself,” fully binding oneself by oath.

50:7 elders — זָקֵן, zaqen (H2205), is concretely tied to the beard as a sign of age and authority; the entry also relates it to Greek γερουσία, gerousia (G1087), a council of elders.

50:7 land — אֶרֶץ, erets (H776), is the dry ground or land-surface, the soil itself.

50:8 little ones — טַפָּם, tapam (H2945), means little ones, infants, or babies.

50:10 threshing floor — גֹּרֶן, goren (H1637), is the smooth, level place where grain is threshed and winnowed.

50:11 Abel-Mizraim — הֶבֶל / אָבֵל, Hevel / Abel (H1893), carries the sense of emptiness or vanity; the glossary also relates it to Greek μάταιος, mataios (G3152), and ματαιότης, mataiotēs (G3153).

50:17 forgive — סָלַח, salach (H5545), is explained through the concrete picture of lifting up the basket, with restoration back into the camp, community, or covenantal standing. The Greek equivalent given is ἀφίημι, aphiēmi (G863).

50:17 sin — חָטָא, chatta (H2398), means to miss the target or goal aimed at.

50:20 good — טוֹב, tov (H2896), means “functional,” what works properly and is well-adapted to its purpose.

50:24 swore — שָּׁבַע, shava’ (H7650), again carries the oath-sense of fully binding oneself, “to seven oneself.”

Endnotes — Verse Differences / NASB Comparison

Genesis 50:20 — reads “[the Elohim]” from MTT. The NASB reads, “As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good in order to bring about this present result, to preserve many people alive.”