Week 123

• Torah (T): Bemidbar (Numbers) 33:1-56
• Prophets (P): Isaiah 1:16 – 2:6
• Apostolic (A): Acts 1:1-26
• Additional (ADD): Jubilees 9:14-15; Jubilees 10:28-36

RELATED SCRIPTURES

• Exodus 12:1-51 (T)
• Exodus 14:1-9 (T)
• Numbers 15:27-31 (T)
• Exodus 15:23-27 (T)
• Exodus 16:1-4 (T)
• Exodus 17:1-7 (T)
• Exodus 19:1-2 (T)
• Numbers 11:31-35 (T)
• Deuteronomy 10:1-11 (T)
• Numbers 20:1-29 (T)
• Deuteronomy 32:48-52 (T)
• Numbers 21:1-35 (T)
• Numbers 25:1-3; Joshua 2:1 (T)
• Exodus 34:10-16 (T)
• Deuteronomy 7:1-6 (T)
• Deuteronomy 20:1-20 (T)
• Joshua 11:1-23 (T)
• 2 Kings 23:1-30 (T)
• Numbers 26:52-56; Numbers 36:1-13 (T)
• Joshua 23:1-16 (T)
• Judges 2:1-23 (T)
• 2 Corinthians 12:7-9 (T)
• Isaiah 1:1-33 (P)
• Isaiah 2:1-22 (P)

RELATED ADDITIONAL REA.D.INGS

• Jubilees 8:8-30; Jubilees 9:14-15 (T, H)
• Genesis Apocryphon 1Q20, Column 21 (T)
• Numbers 33:1-56 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)

Note: (T) means the verse relates to that week’s Torah portion. (P) means the verse relates to that week’s Prophets portion. (A) means the verse relates to that week’s Apostolic portion. (ADD) means the verse relates to that week’s Additional portion.

Torah Portion (T)

Bemidbar (Numbers) 33:1-56

33:1 These are the journeys of the sons of Israel, when they went out of the land of Egypt by their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. 2 Moses wrote the starting points of their journeys by the commandment of YHWH. These are their journeys according to their starting points. 3 They traveled from Rameses in the first new moon, on the fifteenth day of the first new moon; on the next day after the Pesach, the sons of Israel went out with a high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians, 4 while the Egyptians were burying all their firstborn, whom YHWH had struck among them. YHWH also executed judgments on their elohim. 5 The sons of Israel traveled from Rameses, and encamped in Sukkot. 6 They traveled from Sukkot, and encamped in Etham, which is in the edge of the wilderness. 7 They traveled from Etham, and they turned back upon Pi Hahiroth, which is before Baal Zephon, and they encamped before Migdol. 8 They traveled from before Hahiroth, and crossed through the middle of the sea into the wilderness. They went three days’ journey in the wilderness of Etham, and encamped in Marah. 9 They traveled from Marah, and came to Elim. In Elim, there were twelve [eyes]^(MTT) of water and seventy palm trees, and they encamped there. 10 They traveled from Elim, and encamped by the Sea of Reeds. 11 They traveled from the Sea of Reeds, and encamped in the wilderness of Sin. 12 They traveled from the wilderness of Sin, and encamped in Dophkah. 13 They traveled from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush. 14 They traveled from Alush, and encamped in Rephidim, where there was no water for the people to drink. 15 They traveled from Rephidim, and encamped in the wilderness of Sinai. 16 They traveled from the wilderness of Sinai, and encamped in Qibroth Hattaavah. 17 They traveled from Qibroth Hattaavah, and encamped in Hazeroth. 18 They traveled from Hazeroth, and encamped in Rithmah. 19 They traveled from Rithmah, and encamped in Rimmon Perez. 20 They traveled from Rimmon Perez, and encamped in Libnah. 21 They traveled from Libnah, and encamped in Rissah. 22 They traveled from Rissah, and encamped in Kehelathah. 23 They traveled from Kehelathah, and encamped in Mount Shepher. 24 They traveled from Mount Shepher, and encamped in Haradah. 25 They traveled from Haradah, and encamped in Makheloth. 26 They traveled from Makheloth, and encamped in Tahath. 27 They traveled from Tahath, and encamped in Terah. 28 They traveled from Terah, and encamped in Mithkah. 29 They traveled from Mithkah, and encamped in Hashmonah. 30 They traveled from Hashmonah, and encamped in Moseroth. 31 They traveled from Moseroth, and encamped in Bene Jaakan. 32 They traveled from Bene Jaakan, and encamped in Hor Haggidgad. 33 They traveled from Hor Haggidgad, and encamped in Jotbathah. 34 They traveled from Jotbathah, and encamped in Abronah. 35 They traveled from Abronah, and encamped in Ezion Geber. 36 They traveled from Ezion Geber, and encamped at Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin. 37 They traveled from Kadesh, and encamped in Mount Hor, in the edge of the land of Edom. 38 Aaron the priest went up into Mount Hor at the commandment of YHWH and died there, in the fortieth year after the sons of Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, in the fifth new moon, on the first day of the new moon. 39 Aaron was one hundred twenty-three years old when he died in Mount Hor. 40 The Canaanite king of Arad, who lived in the South in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the sons of Israel. 41 They traveled from Mount Hor, and encamped in Zalmonah. 42 They traveled from Zalmonah, and encamped in Punon. 43 They traveled from Punon, and encamped in Oboth. 44 They traveled from Oboth, and encamped in the pile of ruins of the Hebrews, in the border of Moab. 45 They traveled from the ruins, and encamped in Dibon Gad. 46 They traveled from Dibon Gad, and encamped in Almon Diblathaim. 47 They traveled from Almon Diblathaim, and encamped in the hills of the Hebrews, before Nebo. 48 They traveled from the hills of the Hebrews, and encamped in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho. 49 They encamped by the Jordan, from Beth Jeshimoth even to Abel Shittim in the plains of Moab. 50 YHWH spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying, 51 Speak to the sons of Israel, and tell them, “When you pass over the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 52 then you will drive out [the inhabitants]^(DSS) of the land from before you, destroy all their stone idols, destroy all their molten images, and demolish all their high places. 53 You will take possession of the land, and dwell therein; for I have given the land to you to possess it. 54 You will inherit the land by lot according to your families; to the larger groups you will give a larger inheritance, and to the smaller you will give a smaller inheritance. Wherever the lot falls to any man, that will be his. You will inherit according to the tribes of your fathers. 55 But if you do not drive out the inhabitants of the land from before you, then those you let remain of them will be like pricks in your eyes and thorns in your sides. They will harass you in the land in which you dwell. 56 It will happen that as I thought to do to them, so I will do to you.”

Prophets Portion (P)

Isaiah 1:16 – 2:6

1:16 Wash yourselves [and]^(DSS) and make yourself clean. Put away the evil of your doings from before my eyes. Cease to do evil. 17 Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Defend the fatherless. Plead for the widow.” 18 “Come now, and let’s reason together,” says YHWH: “Though your sins are as scarlet, they will be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they will be as wool. 19 If you are willing and obedient, you will eat the good of the land; 20 but if you refuse and rebel, you will be devoured with the sword; for YHWH’s mouth has spoken it.” 21 How the faithful city has become a prostitute! She was full of justice. Righteousness lodged in her, but now there are murderers. 22 Your silver has become dross, your wine mixed with water. 23 Your princes are rebellious and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes and [chasing after recompense].^(DSS)(LXX) They don’t defend the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them. 24 Therefore, [YHWH]^(mss) of Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, says: “Ah, I will get relief from my adversaries, and avenge myself on my enemies. 25 I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin. 26 I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you will be called ‘The city of righteousness, a faithful town.’ 27 Zion will be redeemed with justice, and her converts with righteousness. 28 But the destruction of transgressors and sinners will be together, and those who forsake YHWH will be consumed. 29 For they will be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you will be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen. 30 For you will be as an oak whose leaf fades, and as a garden that has no water. 31 The strong will be like tinder, and his work like a spark. They will both burn together, and no one will quench them.”

2:1 [The word from YHWH which came to]^(LXX) Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. 2 It will happen in the latter days, that the mountain of the house of [Elohim]^(LXX) will be established on the top of the mountains, and will be raised above the hills; and all nations will flow to it. 3 Many peoples will go and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of YHWH [and]^(DSS)(LXX) to the house of the Elohim of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For the Torah will go out of Zion, and the word of YHWH from Jerusalem. 4 He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks [and]^(DSS)(LXX) nation will not lift up sword against nation, neither will they learn war any more. 5 House of Jacob, come, and let’s walk in the light of YHWH. 6 For you have forsaken your people, the house of Jacob, because they are filled from the east, with those who practice divination like the Philistines, and they clasp hands with the sons of foreigners.

Apostolic Portion (A)

Acts 1:1-26

1:1 The first book of words I wrote, Theophilus, concerned all that Yeshua began both to do and to teach, 2 until the day in which he was received up, after he had given commandment through the Holy Spirit to the emissaries whom he had chosen. 3 To these he also showed himself alive after he suffered, by many proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days and speaking about the reign of Elohim. 4 Being assembled together with them, he commanded them, “Don’t depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which you heard from me. 5 For John indeed immersed in water, but you will be immersed in the Holy Spirit not many days from now.” 6 Therefore, when they had come together, they asked him, “Lord, are you now restoring the reign to Israel?” 7 He said to them, “It isn’t for you to know times or seasons which the Father has set within his own authority. 8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you. You will be [my]^(mss) witnesses to me in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the uttermost parts of the land.” 9 When he had said these things, as they were looking, he was taken up, and a cloud received him out of their sight. 10 While they were looking steadfastly into the heavens as he went, behold, two men stood by them in white clothing, 11 who also said, “You men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into the heavens? This Yeshua, who was received up from you into the heavens, will come back in the same way as you saw him going into the heavens.” 12 Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mountain called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey away. 13 When they had come in, they went up into the upper room where they were staying, that is Peter, John, Jacob, Andrew, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, Jacob the son of Halfai, Shimon the Zealot, and Judah the son of Jacob. 14 All these with one accord continued steadfastly in prayer and supplication,^(mss) along with the women and Miriam the mother of Yeshua, and with his brothers. 15 In these days, Peter stood up in the middle of the [brothers],^(mss) and the number of names was about one hundred twenty, and said, 16 “Brothers, it was necessary that this Scripture should be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit spoke before by the mouth of David concerning Judah, who was guide to those who took Yeshua. 17 For he was counted with us, and received his portion in this service. 18 Now this man obtained a field with the reward for his wickedness; and falling headlong, his body burst open and all his intestines gushed out. 19 It became known to everyone who lived in Jerusalem that in their language that field was called ‘Hakel-Dema,’ that is, ‘The field of blood.’ 20 For it is written in the scroll of Psalms, ‘Let his habitation be made desolate. Let no one dwell in it;’ (cf. Psalms 69:25) and, ‘Let another take his office.’ (cf. Psalms 109:8) 21 “Of the men therefore who have accompanied us all the time that the Lord Yeshua went in and out among us, 22 beginning from the immersion of John to the day that he was received up from us, of these one must become a witness with us of his resurrection.” 23 They put forward two: Joseph called Barsabbas, who was also called Justus, and Matthiah. 24 They prayed and said, “You, Lord, who know the hearts of all men, show which one of these two you have chosen 25 to take part in this service and office of emissary from which Judah fell away, that he might go to his own place.” 26 They drew lots for them, and the lot fell on Matthiah; and he was counted with the Eleven emissaries.

Additional Portion (ADD)

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

Jubilees 9:14-15; Jubilees 10:28-36

Jubilees 9:14 And thus the sons of Noaḥ divided unto their sons in the face of Noaḥ their father, and he bound them all by an oath, imprecating a curse on every one that sought to seize the portion which had not fallen (to him) by his lot. 15. And they all said, “So be it; so be it,” for themselves and their sons for ever throughout their generations till the day of judgment, on which the Lord Elohim will judge them with a sword and with fire, for all the unclean wickedness of their errors, wherewith they have filled the land with transgression and uncleanness and fornication and sin.

Jubilees 10:28 And Ham and his sons went into the land which he was to occupy, which he acquired as his portion in the land of the south. 29. And Canaan saw the land of Lebanon to the river of Egypt that it was very good, and he went not into the land of his inheritance to the west (that is to) the sea, and he dwelt in the land of Lebanon, eastward and westward from the border of Jordan and from the border of the sea. 30. And Ham, his father, and Cush and Mizraim, his brothers, said unto him: “Thou hast settled in a land which is not thine, and which did not fall to us by lot: do not do so; for if thou dost do so, thou and thy sons will fall in the land and (be) accursed through sedition; for by sedition ye have settled, and by sedition will thy children fall, and thou shalt be rooted out for ever. 31. Dwell not in the dwelling of Shem; for to Shem and to his sons did it come by their lot. 32. Cursed art thou, and cursed shalt thou be beyond all the sons of Noaḥ, by the curse by which we bound ourselves by an oath in the face of the holy judge, and in the face of Noaḥ our father.” 33. But he did not hearken unto them, and dwelt in the land of Lebanon from Hamath to the entering of Egypt, he and his sons until this day. 34. And for this reason that land is named Canaan. 35. And Japheth and his sons went towards the sea and dwelt in the land of their portion, and Madai saw the land of the sea and it did not please him, and he begged a (portion) from Elam and Asshur and Arpachshad, his wife’s brother, and he dwelt in the land of Media, near to his wife’s brother until this day. 36. And he called his dwelling-place, and the dwelling-place of his sons, Media, after the name of their father Madai.

Related Scriptures

Exodus 12:1-51 (T)

12:1 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This new moon will be to you the beginning of new moons. It will be the first new moon of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth day of this new moon, they will take to them every man a lamb, according to their fathers’ houses, a lamb for a household; 4 and if the household is too little for a lamb, then he and his neighbor next to his house will take one according to the number of the souls. You will make your count for the lamb according to what everyone can eat. 5 Your lamb will be without defect, a male a year old. You will take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 You will keep it until the fourteenth day of the new moon; and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel will kill it at evening. 7 They will take some of the blood, and put it on the two door posts and on the lintel, on the houses in which they will eat it. 8 They will eat the meat in that night, roasted with fire, with unleavened bread. They will eat it with bitter herbs. 9 Don’t eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted with fire; with its head, its legs and its inner parts. 10 You will let nothing of it remain until the morning; but that which remains of it until the morning you will burn with fire. 11 This is how you will eat it: with your belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you will eat it in haste: it is the Pesach of YHWH. 12 For I will go through the land of Egypt in that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and animal. I will execute judgments against all the Elohim of Egypt. I am YHWH. 13 The blood will be to you for a sign on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. 14 This day will be a memorial for you. You will hold a feast to YHWH. You will hold a feast throughout your generations by a statute forever. 15 Seven days you will eat unleavened bread; even the first day you will put away leaven out of your houses, for whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul will be cut off from Israel. 16 In the first day there will be to you a holy convocation, and in the seventh day a holy convocation; no kind of work will be done in them, except that which every man must eat, only that may be done by you. 17 You will guard the feast of unleavened bread; for [in the bone of this day] I have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you will guard this day throughout your generations by a statute forever. 18 In the first new moon, on the fourteenth day of the new moon at evening, you will eat unleavened bread, until the twenty first day of the new moon at evening. 19 There will be no leaven found in your houses for seven days, for whoever eats that which is leavened, that soul will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger, or one who is born in the land. 20 You will eat nothing leavened. In all your habitations you will eat unleavened bread.’ ” 21 Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said to them, “Draw out, and take lambs according to your families, and kill the Pesach. 22 You will take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two door posts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you will go out of the door of his house until the morning. 23 For YHWH will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when he sees the blood on the lintel, and on the two door posts, YHWH will pass over the door, and will not allow the destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you. 24 You will guard this word for an ordinance to you and to your sons forever. 25 It will happen when you have come to the land which YHWH will give you, as he has promised, that you will keep this service. 26 It will happen, when your children ask you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 that you will say, ‘It is the slaughter of the Pesach of YHWH, who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians, and spared our houses.’ ” The people bowed their heads and did bow down. 28 The sons of Israel went and did so; as YHWH had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 29 At midnight, YHWH struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. 30 Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead. 31 He called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise up, get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, serve YHWH, as you have said! 32 Take both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also!” 33 The Egyptians were urgent with the people, to send them out of the land in haste, for they said, “We are all dead men.” 34 The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. 35 The sons of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they asked of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing. 36 YHWH gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. They plundered the Egyptians. 37 The sons of Israel traveled from Rameses to Sukkot, about six hundred thousand on foot who were men, in addition to little ones. 38 A mixed multitude went up also with them, with flocks, herds, and even very much livestock. 39 They baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought out of Egypt; for it wasn’t leavened, because they were thrust out of Egypt, and couldn’t wait, and they had not prepared any food for themselves. 40 Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41 At the end of four hundred thirty years, to the day, all of the armies of YHWH went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It is a night of safeguarding to YHWH for bringing them out from the land of Egypt. This is that night of YHWH, safeguarding by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations. 43 YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Pesach. No son of a stranger will eat of it, 44 but every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then will he eat of it. 45 A sojourner and a hired-servant will not eat of it. 46 It must be eaten in one house. Do not carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones. 47 All the congregation of Israel will keep it. 48 When a sojourner sojourns with you, and would like to guard the Pesach to YHWH, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it. He will be as one who is born in the land; but no uncircumcised person will eat of it. 49 One Torah will be to him who is born at home, and to the sojourner who sojourns among you.” 50 All the sons of Israel did so. As YHWH commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 51 That same day, YHWH brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

Exodus 14:1-9 (T)

14:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel, that they turn back and encamp before Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, before Baal Zephon. You will encamp opposite it by the sea. 3 Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, ‘They are entangled in the land. The wilderness has shut them in.’ 4 I will strengthen Pharaoh’s heart, and he will follow after them; and I will get honor over Pharaoh, and over all his armies; and the Egyptians will know that I am YHWH.” They did so. 5 The king of Egypt was told that the people had fled; and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, “What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” 6 He prepared his chariot, and took his army with him; 7 and he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, with captains over all of them. 8 YHWH strengthened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the sons of Israel; for the sons of Israel went out with a high hand. 9 The Egyptians pursued them. All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his horsemen, and his army overtook them encamping by the sea, beside Pi Hahiroth, before Baal Zephon.

Numbers 15:27-31 (T)

15:27 If a person sins in error, then he will do a female goat, a daughter of her year, for a sin offering. 28 The priest will make atonement for the soul who errs when he sins in error before YHWH. He will make atonement for him; and he will be forgiven. 29 You will have one Torah for him who does anything in error, for him who is native among the sons of Israel, and for the sojourner who sojourns among them. 30 But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is native or a sojourner, he taunts YHWH. That soul will be cut off from among her people. 31 Because he has despised the word of YHWH, and has broken his commandment, that soul will be utterly cut off. Her iniquity will be on her.’ ”

Exodus 15:23-27 (T)

15:23 When they came to Marah, they couldn’t drink from the waters of Marah, for they were bitter. Therefore its name was called Marah. 24 The people murmured against Moses, saying, “What will we drink?” 25 Then he cried to YHWH. YHWH showed him a tree, and he threw it into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There he made a statute and an ordinance for them, and there he tested them. 26 He said, “If you will diligently listen to YHWH your Elohim’s voice, and will do that which is right in his eyes, and will pay attention to his commandments, and guard all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you which I have put on the Egyptians; for I am YHWH who heals you.” 27 They came to Elim, where there were twelve [eyes]^(MTT) of water and seventy palm trees. They encamped there by the waters.

Exodus 16:1-4 (T)

16:1 They took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second new moon after their departing out of the land of Egypt. 2 The whole congregation of the sons of Israel murmured against Moses and against Aaron in the wilderness; 3 and the sons of Israel said to them, “Would that we had died by the hand of YHWH in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the flesh pots, when we ate our fill of bread, for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger.” 4 Then YHWH said to Moses, “Behold, I will rain bread from the heavens for you, and the people will go out and gather a day’s portion every day, that I may test them, whether they will walk in my Torah or not.

Exodus 17:1-7 (T)

17:1 All the congregation of the sons of Israel traveled from the wilderness of Sin, starting according to the commandment of YHWH, and encamped in Rephidim; but there was no water for the people to drink. 2 Therefore the people quarreled with Moses, and said, “Give us water to drink.” Moses said to them, “Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test YHWH?” 3 The people were thirsty for water there; so the people murmured against Moses, and said, “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt, to kill us, our children, and our livestock with thirst?” 4 Moses cried to YHWH, saying, “What will I do with these people? They are almost ready to stone me.” 5 YHWH said to Moses, “Walk on before the people, and take the elders of Israel with you, and take the rod in your hand with which you struck the Nile, and go. 6 Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock in Horeb. You will strike the rock, and water will come out of it, that the people may drink.” Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. 7 He called the name of the place Massah, and Meribah, because the sons of Israel quarreled, and because they tested YHWH, saying, “Is YHWH among us, or not?”

Exodus 19:1-2 (T)

19:1 In the third new moon after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, on that same day they came into the wilderness of Sinai. 2 When they had departed from Rephidim, and had come to the wilderness of Sinai, they encamped in the wilderness; and there Israel encamped before the mountain.

Numbers 11:31-35 (T)

11:31 A spirit from YHWH went out and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp, about a day’s journey on this side, and a day’s journey on the other side, around the camp, and about two cubits above the surface of the land. 32 [All the people]^(DSS) rose up that day, and all night, and [all the next]^(DSS), and gathered the quails. He who gathered least gathered ten homers; and they spread them all out for themselves around the camp. 33 While the flesh was still between their teeth, before it was chewed, the anger of YHWH burned against the people, and YHWH struck the people with a very great hitting. 34 The name of that place was called Qibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who coveted. 35 From Qibroth Hattaavah the people traveled to Hazeroth; and they stayed at Hazeroth.

Deuteronomy 10:1-11 (T)

10:1 At that time YHWH said to me, “Cut two stone tablets like the first, and come up to me onto the mountain, and make an ark of wood. 2 I will write on the tablets the words that were on the first tablets which you broke, and you will put them in the ark.” 3 So I made an ark of shittim wood, and cut two stone tablets like the first, and went up onto the mountain, having the two tablets in my hand. 4 He wrote on the tablets, according to the first writing, the ten commandments, which YHWH spoke to you on the mountain out of the middle of the fire in the day of the assembly; and YHWH gave them to me. 5 I turned and came down from the mountain, and put the tablets in the ark which I had made; and there they are as YHWH commanded me. 6 The sons of Israel traveled from Beeroth Bene Jaakan to Moserah. There Aaron died, and there he was buried; and Eleazar his son ministered in the priest’s office in his place. 7 From there they traveled to Gudgodah; and from Gudgodah to Jotbathah, a land of brooks of water. 8 At that time YHWH set apart the tribe of Levi to bear the ark of the covenant of YHWH, to stand before YHWH to minister to him, and to bless in his name, to this day. 9 Therefore Levi has no portion nor inheritance with his brothers; YHWH is his inheritance, according as YHWH your Elohim spoke to him. 10 I stayed on the mountain, as at the first time, forty days and forty nights; and YHWH listened to me that time also. YHWH would not destroy you. 11 YHWH said to me, “Arise, take your journey before the people; and they will go in and possess the land which I swore to their fathers to give to them.”

Numbers 20:1-29 (T)

20:1 The sons of Israel, the whole congregation, came into the wilderness of Zin in the first new moon. The people stayed in Kadesh. Miriam died there, and was buried there. 2 There was no water for the congregation; and they assembled themselves together against Moses and against Aaron. 3 The people quarreled with Moses, and spoke, saying, “We wish that we had died when our brothers died before YHWH! 4 Why have you brought the assembly of YHWH into this wilderness, that we should die there, we and our animals? 5 Why have you made us to come up out of Egypt, to bring us in to this evil place? It is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates; neither is there any water to drink.” 6 Moses and Aaron went from the face of the assembly to the door of the Appointed Tent, and fell on their faces. the glory of YHWH appeared to them. 7 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 8 “Take the branch, and assemble the congregation, you, and Aaron your brother, and speak to the rock before their eyes, that it pour out its water. You will bring water to them out of the rock; so you will give the congregation and their livestock drink.” 9 Moses took the branch from before YHWH, as he commanded him. 10 Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels! Shall we bring water out of this rock for you?” 11 Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his branch twice, and water came out abundantly. The congregation and their livestock drank. 12 YHWH said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you didn’t believe in me, to sanctify me in the eyes of the sons of Israel, therefore you will not bring this assembly into the land which I have given them.” 13 These are the waters of Meribah; because the sons of Israel strove with YHWH, and he was sanctified in them. [And Moses said, “Lord YHWH, you have begun to show your servant your greatness, and your strong hand. For what elohim is there in the heavens or in the land that can do works like yours, and mighty acts like yours? Please let me go over and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that fine mountain, and Lebanon.” But YHWH said to me, “Enough! Speak no more to me of this word. Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lift up your eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and see with your eyes; for you will not go over this Jordan.]^(DSS) 14 Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom, saying: “Your brother Israel says: You know all the travail that has happened to us; 15 how our fathers went down into Egypt, and we lived in Egypt a long time. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers. 16 When we cried to YHWH, he heard our voice, sent an angel, and brought us out of Egypt. Behold, we are in Kadesh, a city in the edge of your border. 17 Please let us pass through your land. We will not pass through field or through vineyard, neither will we drink from the water of the wells. We will go along the king’s highway. We will not turn away to the right hand nor to the left, until we have passed your border.” 18 Edom said to him, “You will not pass through me, lest I come out with the sword against you.” 19 The sons of Israel said to him, “We will go up by the highway; and if we drink your water, I and my livestock, then I will give its price. Only let me, without doing anything else, pass through on my feet.” 20 He said, “You will not pass through [or I will come out against you with a sword].”^(DSS) Edom came out against him with many people, and with a strong hand. 21 Thus Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border, so Israel turned away from him. 22 They traveled from Kadesh, and the sons of Israel, even the whole congregation, came to Mount Hor. 23 YHWH spoke to Moses and Aaron in Mount Hor, by the border of the land of Edom, saying, 24 “Aaron will be gathered to his people; for he will not enter into the land which I have given to the sons of Israel, because you rebelled against my word at the waters of Meribah. 25 Take Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up to Mount Hor; 26 and [you will strip]^(DSS) Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron will be gathered, and will die there.” 27 Moses did as YHWH commanded. They went up onto Mount Hor in the sight of all the congregation. 28 Moses stripped Aaron of his garments, and put them on Eleazar his son. Aaron died there on the top of the mountain, and Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain. 29 When all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead, they wept for Aaron thirty days, even all the house of Israel.

Deuteronomy 32:48-52 (T)

32:48 YHWH spoke to Moses that same day, saying, 49 “Go up into this mountain of Abarim, to Mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, that is across from Jericho; and see the land of Canaan, which I give to the sons of Israel for a possession. 50 Die on the mountain where you go up, and be gathered to your people, as Aaron your brother died on Mount Hor, and was gathered to his people; 51 because you trespassed against me among the sons of Israel at the waters of Meribah of Kadesh, in the wilderness of Zin; because you didn’t uphold my holiness among the sons of Israel. 52 For you will see the land from a distance; but you will not go there into the land which I give the sons of Israel.”

Numbers 21:1-35 (T)

21:1 The Canaanite, the king of Arad, who lived in the South, heard that Israel came by the way of Atharim. He fought against Israel, and took some of them captive. 2 Israel vowed a vow to YHWH, and said, “If you will indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities.” 3 YHWH listened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities. The name of the place was called Hormah. 4 They traveled from Mount Hor by the way to the Sea of Reeds, to go around the land of Edom. The soul of the people was very discouraged because of the journey. 5 The people spoke against Elohim and against Moses: “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no bread, there is no water, and our soul loathes this light bread!” 6 YHWH sent the seraphim nachashim among the people, and they bit the people. Many people of Israel died. 7 The people came to Moses, and said, “We have sinned, because we have spoken against YHWH and against you. Pray to YHWH, that he take away the serpent from us.” Moses prayed for the people. 8 YHWH said to Moses, “Make a saraph, and set it on a pole. It will happen that everyone who is bitten, when he sees it, will live.” 9 Moses made a serpent of bronze, and set it on the pole. If a serpent had bitten any man, when he looked at the serpent of bronze, he lived. 10 The sons of Israel traveled, and encamped in Oboth. 11 They traveled from Oboth, and encamped at [the pile of ruins of the Hebrews], in the wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrise. 12 [YHWH said to Moses, “Don’t bother Moab, neither contend with them in battle; for I will not give you any of his land for a possession, because I have given Ar to the sons of Lot for a possession.”]^(DSS) From there they traveled, and encamped in the valley of Zered. 13 [YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, “You are to pass over Ar, the border of Moab, today. When you come near the border of the sons of Ammon, don’t bother them, nor contend with them; for I will not give you any of the land of the sons of Ammon for a possession, because I have given it to the sons of Lot for a possession.”]^(DSS) From there they traveled, and encamped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that comes out of the border of the Amorites; for the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. 14 Therefore it is said in The Book of the Wars of YHWH, “Vaheb in Suphah, the valleys of the Arnon, 15 the slope of the valleys that incline toward the dwelling of Ar, leans on the border of Moab.” 16 From there they traveled to Be’er; that is the well of which YHWH said to Moses, “Gather the people together, and I will give them water.” 17 Then Israel sang this song: “Spring up, well! Sing to it, 18 the well, which the princes dug, which the nobles of the people dug, with the lawgiver, and with their staffs.” From the wilderness they traveled to Mattanah; 19 and from Mattanah to Nahaliel; and from Nahaliel to Bamoth; 20 and from Bamoth to the valley that is in the field of Moab, to the top of Pisgah, which looks down on the desert. 21 [Then YHWH spoke to Moses, “Rise up, take your journey, and pass over the valley of the Arnon. Behold, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land; begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. Today I will begin to put the dread of you and the fear of you on the peoples who are under all the heavens, who will hear the report of you, and will tremble and be in anguish because of you.”]^(DSS) Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 “Let me pass through your land. We will not turn away into field or vineyard. We will not drink of the water of the wells. We will go by the king’s highway, until we have passed your border.” 23 Sihon would not allow Israel to pass through his border, but Sihon gathered all his people together, and went out against Israel into the wilderness, and came to Jahaz. He fought against Israel. 24 Israel struck him with the edge of the sword, and possessed his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, even to the sons of Ammon; for the border of the sons of Ammon was fortified. 25 Israel took all these cities. Israel lived in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all its villages. 26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even to the Arnon. 27 Therefore those who speak in proverbs say, “Come to Heshbon. Let the city of Sihon be built and established; 28 for a fire has gone out of Heshbon, a flame from the city of Sihon. It has devoured Ar of Moab, The lords of the high places of the Arnon. 29 Woe to you, Moab! You are undone, people of Chemosh! He has given his sons as fugitives, and his daughters into captivity, to Sihon king of the Amorites. 30 We have shot at them. Heshbon has perished even to Dibon. We have laid waste even to Nophah, Which reaches to Medeba.” 31 Thus Israel lived in the land of the Amorites. 32 Moses sent to spy out Jazer. They took its villages, and drove out the Amorites who were there. 33 They turned and went up by the way of Bashan. Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. 34 YHWH said to Moses, “Don’t fear him, for I have delivered him into your hand, with all his people, and his land. You will do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon.” 35 So they struck him, with his sons and all his people, until there were no survivors; and they possessed his land. 22:1 The sons of Israel traveled, and encamped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan at Jericho.

Numbers 25:1-3; Joshua 2:1 (T)

Numbers 25:1 Israel stayed in Shittim; and the people began to whore with the daughters of Moab; 2 for they called the people to the slaughters of their elohim. The people ate and bowed down to their elohim. 3 Israel yoked himself to Baal Peor, and the anger of YHWH burned against Israel.

Joshua 2:1 Joshua the son of Nun secretly sent two men out of Shittim as spies, saying, “Go, view the land, including Jericho.” They went and came into the house of a prostitute whose name was Rahab, and slept there.

Exodus 34:10-16 (T)

34:10 He said, “Behold, I cut a covenant: before all your people I will do marvels, such as have not been worked in all the land, nor in any nation; and all the people among whom you are will see the work of YHWH; for it is an awesome thing that I do with you. 11 Observe that which I command you today. Behold, I will drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. 12 Be careful, lest you cut a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it be for a snare among you; 13 but you will break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and you will cut down their Asherah poles; 14 for you will worship no other god; for YHWH, whose name is Jealous, is a zealous Elohim. 15 “Don’t cut a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, lest they whore after their elohim, and slaughter to their elohim, and one call you and you eat of his slaughter; 16 and you take of their daughters to your sons, and their daughters whore after their elohim, and make your sons whore after their elohim.

Deuteronomy 7:1-6 (T)

7:1 When YHWH your Elohim brings you into the land where you go to possess it, and casts out many nations before you—the Hittite, the Girgashite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite—seven nations greater and mightier than you; 2 and when YHWH your Elohim delivers them up before you, and you strike them, then you will utterly destroy them. You will make no covenant with them, nor show mercy to them. 3 You will not make marriages with them. You will not give your daughter to his son, nor will you take his daughter for your son. 4 For that would turn away your sons from following me, that they may serve other elohim. So the anger of YHWH would be kindled against you, and he would destroy you quickly. 5 But you will deal with them like this: you will break down their altars, dash their pillars in pieces, cut down their Asherah poles, and burn their engraved images with fire. 6 For you are a holy people to YHWH your Elohim. YHWH your Elohim has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who are on the face of the land.

Deuteronomy 20:1-20 (T)

20:1 When you go out to battle against your enemies, and see horses, chariots, and a people more numerous than you, you will not be afraid of them; for YHWH your Elohim, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, is with you. 2 It will be, when you draw near to the battle, that the priest will approach and speak to the people, 3 and will tell them, “Hear, Israel, you draw near today to battle against your enemies. Don’t let your heart faint! Don’t be afraid, nor tremble, neither be scared of them; 4 for YHWH your Elohim is he who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you.” 5 The officers will speak to the people, saying, “What man is there who has built a new house, and has not dedicated it? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man dedicate it. 6 What man is there who has planted a vineyard, and has not used its fruit? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man use its fruit. 7 What man is there who has betrothed to a woman, and has not taken her? Let him go and return to his house, lest he die in the battle, and another man take her.” 8 The officers will speak further to the people, and they will say, “What man is there who is fearful and faint-hearted? Let him go and return to his house, lest his brother’s heart melt as his heart.” 9 It will be, when the officers have finished speaking to the people, that they will appoint captains of armies at the head of the people. 10 When you draw near to a city to fight against it, then proclaim peace to it. 11 It will be, if it gives you answer of peace and opens to you, then it will be that all the people who are found therein will become forced laborers to you, and will serve you. 12 If it will make no peace with you, but will make war against you, then you will besiege it. 13 When YHWH your Elohim delivers it into your hand, you will strike every male of it with the edge of the sword; 14 but the women, the little ones, the livestock, and all that is in the city, even all its plunder, you will take for plunder for yourself. You may use the plunder of your enemies, which YHWH your Elohim has given you. 15 Thus you will do to all the cities which are very far off from you, which are not of the cities of these nations. 16 But of the cities of these peoples that YHWH your Elohim gives you for an inheritance, you will save alive nothing that breathes; 17 but you will utterly destroy them: the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, as YHWH your Elohim has commanded you; 18 that they not teach you to follow all their abominations, which they have done for their elohim; so would you sin against YHWH your Elohim. 19 When you will besiege a city a long time, in making war against it to take it, you will not destroy its trees by wielding an ax against them; for you may eat of them. You will not cut them down, for is the tree of the field man, that it should be besieged by you? 20 Only the trees that you know are not trees for food, you will destroy and cut them down. You will build bulwarks against the city that makes war with you, until it falls.

Joshua 11:1-23 (T)

11:1 When Jabin king of Hazor heard of it, he sent to Jobab king of Madon, to the king of Shimron, to the king of Achshaph, 2 and to the kings who were on the north, in the hill country, in the Arabah south of Chinneroth, in the lowland, and in the heights of Dor on the west, 3 to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite in the hill country, and the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpah. 4 They went out, they and all their armies with them, many people, even as the sand that is on the seashore in multitude, with very many horses and chariots. 5 All these kings met together; and they came and encamped together at the waters of Merom, to fight with Israel. 6 YHWH said to Joshua, “Don’t be afraid because of them; for tomorrow at this time, I will deliver them up all slain before Israel. You will hamstring their horses and burn their chariots with fire.” 7 So Joshua came suddenly, with all the warriors, against them by the waters of Merom, and attacked them. 8 YHWH delivered them into the hand of Israel, and they struck them, and chased them to great Sidon, and to Misrephoth Maim, and to the valley of Mizpah eastward. They struck them until they left them no one remaining. 9 Joshua did to them as YHWH told him. He hamstrung their horses and burned their chariots with fire. 10 Joshua turned back at that time, and took Hazor, and struck its king with the sword; for Hazor used to be the head of all those reigns. 11 They struck all the souls who were in it with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them. There was no one left who breathed. He burned Hazor with fire. 12 Joshua captured all the cities of those kings, with their kings, and he struck them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed them, as Moses the servant of YHWH commanded. 13 But as for the cities that stood on their mounds, Israel burned none of them, except Hazor only. Joshua burned that. 14 The sons of Israel took all the plunder of these cities, with the livestock, as plunder for themselves; but every man they struck with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them. They didn’t leave any who breathed. 15 As YHWH commanded Moses his servant, so Moses commanded Joshua. Joshua did so. He left nothing undone of all that YHWH commanded Moses. 16 So Joshua captured all that land, the hill country, all the South, all the land of Goshen, the lowland, the Arabah, the hill country of Israel, and the lowland of the same, 17 from Mount Halak, that goes up to Seir, even to Baal Gad in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon. He took all their kings, struck them, and put them to death. 18 Joshua made war a long time with all those kings. 19 There was not a city that made peace with the sons of Israel, except the Hivites, the inhabitants of Gibeon. They took all in battle. 20 For it was of YHWH to strengthen their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that he might utterly destroy them, that they might have no favor, but that he might destroy them, as YHWH commanded Moses. 21 Joshua came at that time, and cut off the Anakim from the hill country, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the hill country of Judah, and from all the hill country of Israel. Joshua utterly destroyed them with their cities. 22 There were none of the Anakim left in the land of the sons of Israel. Only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, did some remain. 23 So Joshua took the whole land, according to all that YHWH spoke to Moses; and Joshua gave it for an inheritance to Israel according to their divisions by their tribes. Then the land had rest from war.

2 Kings 23:1-30 (T)

23:1 The king sent, and they gathered to him all the elders of Judah and of Jerusalem. 2 The king went up to YHWH’s house, and all the men of Judah and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem with him—with the priests, the prophets, and all the people, both small and great; and he read in their hearing all the words of the book of the covenant which was found in YHWH’s house. 3 The king stood by the pillar and cut a covenant before YHWH to walk after YHWH and to keep his commandments, his testimonies, and his statutes with all his heart and all his soul, to confirm the words of this covenant that were written in this book; and all the people agreed to the covenant. 4 The king commanded Hilkiah the high priest, and the priests of the second order, and the keepers of the threshold, to bring out of the temple of YHWH all the vessels that were made for Baal, for the Asherah, and for all the army of the heavens; and he burned them outside of Jerusalem in the fields of the Kidron, and carried their ashes to Bethel. 5 He got rid of the idolatrous priests whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places in the cities of Judah and in the places around Jerusalem; those also who burned incense to Baal, to the sun, to the moon, to the constellations, and to all the army of the heavens. 6 He brought out the Asherah from YHWH’s house, outside of Jerusalem, to the brook Kidron, and burned it at the brook Kidron, and beat it to dust, and cast its dust on the graves of the common people. 7 He broke down the houses of the male shrine prostitutes that were in YHWH’s house, where the women wove hangings for the Asherah. 8 He brought all the priests out of the cities of Judah, and defiled the high places where the priests had burned incense, from Geba to Be’ersheba; and he broke down the high places of the gates that were at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which were on a man’s left hand at the gate of the city. 9 Nevertheless the priests of the high places didn’t come up to the altar of YHWH in Jerusalem, but they ate unleavened bread among their brothers. 10 He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the sons of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. 11 He took away the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun, at the entrance of YHWH’s house, by the room of Nathan Melech the officer who was in the court; and he burned the chariots of the sun with fire. 12 The king broke down the altars that were on the roof of the upper room of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of YHWH’s house, and beat them down from there, and cast their dust into the brook Kidron. 13 The king defiled the high places that were before Jerusalem, which were on the right hand of the mountain of corruption, which Solomon the king of Israel had built for Ashtoreth the abomination of the Sidonians, and for Chemosh the abomination of Moab, and for Milcom the abomination of the sons of Ammon. 14 He broke in pieces the pillars, cut down the Asherah poles, and filled their places with men’s bones. 15 Moreover the altar that was at Bethel and the high place which Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel to sin, had made, even that altar and the high place he broke down; and he burned the high place and beat it to dust, and burned the Asherah. 16 As Josiah turned himself, he spied the tombs that were there in the mountain; and he sent, and took the bones out of the tombs, and burned them on the altar, and defiled it, according to the word of YHWH which the man of Elohim proclaimed, who proclaimed these things. 17 Then he said, “What monument is that which I see?” The men of the city told him, “It is the tomb of the man of Elohim who came from Judah and proclaimed these things that you have done against the altar of Bethel.” 18 He said, “Let him be! Let no one move his bones.” So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet who came out of Samaria. 19 All the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke YHWH to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Bethel. 20 He killed all the priests of the high places that were there, on the altars, and burned men’s bones on them; and he returned to Jerusalem. 21 The king commanded all the people, saying, “Keep the Pesach to YHWH your Elohim, as it is written in this book of the covenant.” 22 Surely there was not kept such a Pesach from the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; 23 but in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Pesach was kept to YHWH in Jerusalem. 24 Moreover, Josiah removed those who had familiar spirits, the wizards, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might confirm the words of the Torah which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in YHWH’s house. 25 There was no king like him before him, who turned to YHWH with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the Torah of Moses; and there was none like him who arose after him. 26 Notwithstanding, YHWH didn’t turn from the fierceness of his great wrath, with which his anger burned against Judah, because of all the provocation with which Manasseh had provoked him. 27 YHWH said, “I will also remove Judah out of my sight, as I have removed Israel; and I will cast off this city which I have chosen, even Jerusalem, and the house of which I said, ‘My name will be there.’ ” 28 Now the rest of the acts of Josiah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? 29 In his days Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt went up against the king of Assyria to the river Euphrates; and King Josiah went against him, but Pharaoh Necoh killed him at Megiddo when he saw him. 30 His servants carried him dead in a chariot from Megiddo, brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. The people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and anointed him, and made him king in his father’s place.

Numbers 26:52-56; Numbers 36:1-13 (T)

Numbers 26:52 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 53 “To these the land will be divided for an inheritance according to the number of names. 54 To the more you will give the more inheritance, and to the fewer you will give the less inheritance. To everyone according to the registered ones of him will his inheritance be given. 55 Notwithstanding, the land will be divided by lot. According to the names of the tribes of their fathers they will inherit. 56 According to the lot will their inheritance be divided between the more and the fewer.”

Numbers 36:1 The heads of the fathers’ households of the family of the sons of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, of the families of the sons of Joseph, came near and spoke before Moses and before the princes, the heads of the fathers’ households of the sons of Israel. 2 They said, “YHWH commanded my lord to give the land for inheritance by lot to the sons of Israel. My lord was commanded by YHWH to give the inheritance of Zelophehad our brother to his daughters. 3 If they are married to any of the sons of the other tribes of the sons of Israel, then their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of our fathers, and will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they will belong. So it will be taken away from the lot of our inheritance. 4 When the jubilee of the sons of Israel comes, then their inheritance will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they will belong. So their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers.” 5 Moses commanded the sons of Israel according to the word of YHWH, saying, “The tribe of the sons of Joseph speak what is right. 6 This is the thing which YHWH commands concerning the daughters of Zelophehad, saying, ‘Let them be married to whom they think best, only they will marry into the family of the tribe of their father. 7 So will no inheritance of the sons of Israel move from tribe to tribe; for the sons of Israel will all guard the inheritance of the tribe of his fathers. 8 Every daughter who possesses an inheritance in any tribe of the sons of Israel will be woman to one of the family of the tribe of her father, that the sons of Israel may each possess the inheritance of his fathers. 9 So will no inheritance move from one tribe to another tribe; for the tribes of the sons of Israel will each keep his own inheritance.’ ” 10 The daughters of Zelophehad did as YHWH commanded Moses: 11 for Mahlah, Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noaḥ, the daughters of Zelophehad, were married to their father’s brothers’ sons. 12 They were married into the families of the sons of Manasseh the son of Joseph. Their inheritance remained in the tribe of the family of their father. 13 These are the commandments and the ordinances which YHWH commanded by Moses to the sons of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho.

Joshua 23:1-16 (T)

23:1 After many days, when YHWH had given rest to Israel from their enemies all around, and Joshua was old and well advanced in years, 2 Joshua called for all Israel, for their elders and for their heads, and for their judges and for their officers, and said to them, “I am old and well advanced in years. 3 You have seen all that YHWH your Elohim has done to all these nations because of you; for it is YHWH your Elohim who has fought for you. 4 Behold, I have allotted to you these nations that remain, to be an inheritance for your tribes, from the Jordan, with all the nations that I have cut off, even to the great sea toward the going down of the sun. 5 YHWH your Elohim will thrust them out from before you, and drive them from out of your sight. You will possess their land, as YHWH your Elohim spoke to you. 6 “Therefore be very courageous to keep and to do all that is written in the book of the Torah of Moses, that you not turn away from it to the right hand or to the left; 7 that you not come among these nations, these that remain among you; neither make mention of the name of their elohim, nor cause to swear by them, neither serve them, nor bow down yourselves to them; 8 but hold fast to YHWH your Elohim, as you have done to this day. 9 “For YHWH has driven great and strong nations out from before you. But as for you, no man has stood before you to this day. 10 One man of you will chase a thousand; for it is YHWH your Elohim who fights for you, as he spoke to you. 11 Take good heed therefore to yourselves, that you love YHWH your Elohim. 12 “But if you do at all go back, and hold fast to the remnant of these nations, even these who remain among you, and make marriages with them, and go in to them, and they to you; 13 know for a certainty that YHWH your Elohim will no longer drive these nations from out of your sight; but they will be a snare and a trap to you, a scourge in your sides, and thorns in your eyes, until you perish from off this good land which YHWH your Elohim has given you. 14 “Behold, today I am going the way of all the land. You know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one thing has failed of all the good things which YHWH your Elohim spoke concerning you. All have happened to you. Not one thing has failed of it. 15 It will happen that as all the good things have come on you of which YHWH your Elohim spoke to you, so YHWH will bring on you all the evil things, until he has destroyed you from off this good land which YHWH your Elohim has given you, 16 when you disobey the covenant of YHWH your Elohim, which he commanded you, and go and serve other elohim, and bow down yourselves to them. Then the anger of YHWH will be kindled against you, and you will perish quickly from off the good land which he has given to you.”

Judges 2:1-23 (T)

2:1 the angel of YHWH came up from Gilgal to Bochim. He said, “I brought you out of Egypt, and have brought you to the land which I swore to give your fathers. I said, ‘I will never break my covenant with you. 2 You will make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land. You will break down their altars.’ But you have not listened to my voice. Why have you done this? 3 Therefore I also said, ‘I will not drive them out from before you; but they will be in your sides, and their elohim will be a snare to you.’ ” 4 When the angel of YHWH spoke these words to all the sons of Israel, the people lifted up their voice and wept. 5 They called the name of that place Bochim, and they slaughtered there to YHWH. 6 Now when Joshua had sent the people away, the sons of Israel each went to his inheritance to possess the land. 7 The people served YHWH all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of YHWH that he had worked for Israel. 8 Joshua the son of Nun, the servant of YHWH, died, being one hundred ten years old. 9 They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath Heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash. 10 After all that generation were gathered to their fathers, another generation arose after them who didn’t know YHWH, nor the work which he had done for Israel. 11 The sons of Israel did that which was evil in the sight of YHWH, and served the Ba’alim. 12 They abandoned YHWH, the Elohim of their fathers, who brought them out of the land of Egypt, and followed other elohim, of the elohim of the peoples who were around them, and bowed themselves down to them; and they provoked YHWH to anger. 13 They abandoned YHWH, and served Baal and the Ashtaroth. 14 the anger of YHWH burned against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of raiders who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, so that they could no longer stand before their enemies. 15 Wherever they went out, the hand of YHWH was against them for evil, as YHWH had spoken, and as YHWH had sworn to them; and they were very distressed. 16 YHWH raised up judges, who saved them out of the hand of those who plundered them. 17 Yet they didn’t listen to their judges; for they prostituted themselves to other elohim, and bowed themselves down to them. They quickly turned away from the way in which their fathers walked, obeying the commandments of YHWH. They didn’t do so. 18 When YHWH raised up judges for them, then YHWH was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it grieved YHWH because of their groaning by reason of those who oppressed them and troubled them. 19 But when the judge was dead, they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers in following other elohim to serve them and to bow down to them. They didn’t cease what they were doing, or give up their stubborn ways. 20 the anger of YHWH burned against Israel; and he said, “Because this nation transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and has not listened to my voice, 21 I also will no longer drive out any of the nations that Joshua left when he died from before them; 22 that by them I may test Israel, to see if they will keep YHWH’s way to walk therein, as their fathers kept it, or not.” 23 So YHWH left those nations, without driving them out hastily. He didn’t deliver them into Joshua’s hand.

2 Corinthians 12:7-9 (T)

12:7 By reason of the exceeding greatness of the revelations, that I should not be exalted excessively, a thorn in the flesh was given to me: a messenger of Satan to torment me, that I should not be exalted excessively. 8 Concerning this thing, I begged the Lord three times that it might depart from me. 9 He has said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Most gladly therefore I will rather glory in my weaknesses, that the power of Christ may rest on me.

Isaiah 1:1-31 (P)

1:1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem, in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. 2 Hear, the heavens, and listen, land; for YHWH has spoken: “I have nourished and brought up children and they have rebelled against me. 3 The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master’s crib; but Israel doesn’t know. My people don’t consider.” 4 Ah sinful nation, a people loaded with iniquity, seed† of evildoers, children who deal corruptly! They have forsaken YHWH. They have despised the Holy One of Israel. They are estranged and backward. 5 Why should you be beaten more, that you revolt more and more? The whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint. 6 From the sole of the foot even to the head there is no soundness in it, but wounds, welts, and open sores. They haven’t been closed, bandaged, or soothed with oil. 7 Your country is desolate. Your cities are burned with fire. Strangers devour your land in your face and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers. 8 The daughter of Zion is left like a shelter in a vineyard, like a hut in a field of melons, like a besieged city. 9 Unless YHWH of Armies had left to us a very small remnant, we would have been as Sodom. We would have been like Gomorrah (cf. Romans 9:29). 10 Hear the word of YHWH, you rulers of Sodom! Listen to the Torah of our Elohim, you people of Gomorrah! 11 “What are the multitude of your slaughters to me?”, says YHWH. “I have had enough of the burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fed animals. I don’t delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of male goats. 12 When you come to appear before me, who has required this at your hand, to trample my courts? 13 Bring no more vain offerings. Incense is an abomination to me. New moons, Sabbaths, and convocations— I can’t stand evil assemblies. 14 My soul hates your New Moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to me. I am weary of bearing them. 15 When you spread out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood. 16 Wash yourselves. Make yourself clean. Put away the evil of your doings from before my eyes. Cease to do evil. 17 Learn to do well. Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Defend the fatherless. Plead for the widow.” 18 “Come now, and let’s reason together,” says YHWH: “Though your sins are as scarlet, they will be as white as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they will be as wool. 19 If you are willing and obedient, you will eat the good of the land; 20 but if you refuse and rebel, you will be devoured with the sword; for YHWH’s mouth has spoken it.” 21 How the faithful city has become a prostitute! She was full of justice. Righteousness lodged in her, but now there are murderers. 22 Your silver has become dross, your wine mixed with water. 23 Your princes are rebellious and companions of thieves. Everyone loves bribes and [chasing after recompense].^(DSS)(LXX) They don’t defend the fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come to them. 24 Therefore the Lord,§ YHWH of Armies, the Mighty One of Israel, says: “Ah, I will get relief from my adversaries, and avenge myself on my enemies. 25 I will turn my hand on you, thoroughly purge away your dross, and will take away all your tin. 26 I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you will be called ‘The city of righteousness, a faithful town.’ 27 Zion will be redeemed with justice, and her converts with righteousness. 28 But the destruction of transgressors and sinners will be together, and those who forsake YHWH will be consumed. 29 For they will be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you will be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen. 30 For you will be as an oak whose leaf fades, and as a garden that has no water. 31 The strong will be like tinder, and his work like a spark. They will both burn together, and no one will quench them.”

Isaiah 2:1-22 (P)

2:1 This is what Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. 2 It will happen in the latter days, that the mountain of YHWH’s house will be established on the top of the mountains, and will be raised above the hills; and all nations will flow to it. 3 Many peoples will go and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of YHWH, to the house of the Elohim of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths.” For the Torah will go out of Zion, and the word of YHWH from Jerusalem. 4 He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, neither will they learn war any more. 5 House of Jacob, come, and let’s walk in the light of YHWH. 6 For you have forsaken your people, the house of Jacob, because they are filled from the east, with those who practice divination like the Philistines, and they clasp hands with the sons of foreigners. 7 Their land is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures. Their land also is full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots. 8 Their land also is full of idols. They worship the work of their own hands, that which their own fingers have made. 9 Man is brought low, and mankind is humbled; therefore don’t forgive them. 10 Enter into the rock, and hide in the dust, from before the terror of YHWH, and from the glory of his majesty. 11 The lofty looks of man will be brought low, the arrogance of men will be bowed down, and YHWH alone will be exalted in that day. 12 For there will be a day of YHWH of Armies for all that is proud and arrogant, and for all that is lifted up, and it will be brought low— 13 for all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, for all the oaks of Bashan, 14 for all the high mountains, for all the hills that are lifted up, 15 for every lofty tower, for every fortified wall, 16 for all the ships of Tarshish, and for all pleasant imagery. 17 The loftiness of man will be bowed down, and the arrogance of men will be brought low; and YHWH alone will be exalted in that day. 18 The idols will utterly pass away. 19 Men will go into the caves of the rocks, and into the holes of the land, from before the terror of YHWH, and from the glory of his majesty, when he arises to shake the land mightily. 20 In that day, men will cast away their idols of silver and their idols of gold, which have been made for themselves to worship, to the moles and to the bats, 21 to go into the caverns of the rocks, and into the clefts of the ragged rocks, from before the terror of YHWH, and from the glory of his majesty, when he arises to shake the land mightily. 22 Stop trusting in man, whose breath is in his nostrils; for of what account is he?

Related Additional Readings​

Jubilees 8:8-30; Jubilees 9:14-15 (T, H)

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

Jubilees 8:8 And in the sixth year thereof, she bare him a son, and he called his name Peleg; for in the days when he was born the children of Noaḥ began to divide the land amongst themselves: for this reason he called his name Peleg. 9. And they divided (it) secretly amongst themselves, and told it to Noaḥ. 10. And it came to pass in the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee that they divided the land into three parts, for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the inheritance of each, in the first year in the first week, when one of us, who had been sent, was with them. 11. And he called his sons, and they drew nigh to him, they and their children, and he divided the land into the lots, which his three sons were to take in possession, and they reached forth their hands, and took the writing out of the bosom of Noaḥ, their father. 12. And there came forth on the writing as Shem’s lot the middle of the land which he should take as an inheritance for himself and for his sons for the generations of eternity, from the middle of the mountain range of Râfâ, from the mouth of the water from the river Tînâ. and his portion goeth towards the west through the midst of this river, and it extendeth till it reacheth the water of the abysses, out of which this river goeth forth and poureth its waters into the sea Mê’at, and this river floweth into the great sea. And all that is towards the north is Japheth’s, and all that is towards the south belongeth to Shem. 13. And it extendeth till it reacheth Kârâsô: this is in the bosom of the tongue which looketh towards the south. 14. And his portion extendeth along the great sea, and it extendeth in a straight line till it reacheth the west of the tongue which looketh towards the south; for this sea is named the tongue of the Egyptian Sea. 15. And it turneth from here towards the south towards the mouth of the great sea on the shore of (its) waters, and it extendeth to the west to ‘Afrâ [Africa] and it extendeth till it reacheth the waters of the river Gihon, and to the south of the waters of Gihon, to the banks of this river. 16. And it extendeth towards the east, till it reacheth the Garden of Eden, to the south thereof, [to the south] and from the east of the whole land of Eden and of the whole cast, it turneth to the east, and proceedeth till it reacheth the east of the mountain named Râfâ, and it descendeth to the bank of the mouth of the river Tînâ. 17. This portion came forth by lot for Shem and his sons, that they should possess it for ever unto his generations for evermore. 18. And Noaḥ rejoiced that this portion came forth for Shem and for his sons, and he remembered all that he had spoken with his mouth in prophecy; for he had said: Blessed be the Lord Elohim of Shem, And may the Lord dwell in the dwelling of Shem.” 19. And he knew that the Garden of Eden is the holy of holies, and the dwelling of the Lord, and Mount Sinai the centre of the desert, and Mount Zion–the centre of the navel of the land: these three were created as holy places facing each other. 20. And he blessed the Elohim of Elohim, who had put the word of the Lord into his mouth, and the Lord for evermore. 21. And he knew that a blessed portion and a blessing had come to Shem and his sons unto the generations for ever–the whole land of Eden and the whole land of the Red Sea, and the whole land of the east, and India, and on the Red Sea and the mountains thereof, and all the land of Bashan, and all the land of Lebanon and the islands of Kaftûr, and all the mountains of Sanîr and ‘Amânâ, and the mountains of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and Bâbêl, and Sûsân and Mâ‘ĕdâi and all the mountains of Ararat, and all the region beyond the sea, which is beyond the mountains of Asshur towards the north, a blessed and spacious land, and all that is in it is very good. 22. And for Ham came forth the second portion, beyond the Gihon towards the south to the right of the Garden, and it extendeth towards the south and it extendeth to all the mountains of fire, and it extendeth towards the west to the sea of ‘Atêl and it extendeth towards the west till it reacheth the sea of Mâ’ûk–that (sea) into which everything which is not destroyed descendeth. 23. And it goeth forth towards the north to the limits of Gâdîr, and it goeth forth to the coast of the waters of the sea to the waters of the great sea till it draweth near to the river Gihon, and goeth along the river Gihon till it reacheth the right of the Garden of Eden. 24. And this is the land which came forth for Ham as the portion which he was to occupy for ever for himself and his sons unto their generations for ever. 25. And for Japheth came forth the third portion beyond the river Tînâ to the north of the outflow of its waters, and it extendeth north-easterly to the whole region of Gog and to all the country east thereof. 26. And it extendeth northerly to the north, and it extendeth to the mountains of Qêlt towards the north, and towards the sea of Mâ’ûk, and it goeth forth to the east of Gâdîr as far as the region of the waters of the sea. 27. And it extendeth until it approacheth the west of Fârâ and it returneth towards ‘Afêrâg, and it extendeth easterly to the waters of the sea of Mê’at. 28. And it extendeth to the region of the river Tînâ in a northeasterly direction until it approacheth the boundary of its waters towards the mountain Râfâ, and it turneth round towards the north. 29. This is the land which came forth for Japheth and his sons as the portion of his inheritance which he should possess for himself and his sons, for their generations for ever; five great islands, and a great land in the north. 30. But it is cold, and the land of Ham is hot, and the land of Shem is neither hot nor cold, but it is of blended cold and heat.

Jubilees 9:14 And thus the sons of Noaḥ divided unto their sons in the face of Noaḥ their father, and he bound them all by an oath, imprecating a curse on every one that sought to seize the portion which had not fallen (to him) by his lot. 15. And they all said, “So be it; so be it,” for themselves and their sons for ever throughout their generations till the day of judgment, on which the Lord Elohim will judge them with a sword and with fire, for all the unclean wickedness of their errors, wherewith they have filled the land with transgression and uncleanness and fornication and sin.

Genesis Apocryphon 1Q20, Column 21 (T)

The Genesis Apocryphon 1Q20 (1Q20), also called the Tales of the Patriarchs or the Apocalypse of Lamech and labeled 1QapGen, is one of the original seven Dead Sea Scrolls discovered in 1946 by Bedouin shepherds in Cave 1 near Qumran, a city in the northwest corner of the Dead Sea.

Column 21 I went to all my old campsites until I reached Bethel, the place where I once built an altar, and then I built another one and offered up burnt offerings and a grain offering to the Elohim of Most High, and invoked the name of the Lord of the Universe there. I praised Elohim’s name and blessed Elohim and gave thanks to Him there for all the flocks and goods and wealth which he has given me, for the good he has done for me, and because He had returned me to this land safely. After this day, Lot left me on the account of our shepherd’s behavior. He went to live in the Valley of Jordan taking all his flocks with him. And I also added greatly to what he had. he pastured his flock and kept moving until he reached Sodom and bought a house there, while I still lived in the mountain of Bethel. It bothered me that Lot and I had separated. Elohim came to me in a dream and said to me: Go up to Ramat Hazor which is north of Bethel, the place you are living now, and look to the east, west, south and to the north. Look at the land which I am giving you and your descendants forever. The next morning I went up to Ramat Hazor and looked at the land from that height, from the river of Egypt up to Lebanon and Senir, and from the Great Sea up to Hauran, and all the land of Gebel to Qadesh, and all the Great Desert, as far as the Euphrates and he said to me: I will give all this land to your descendants; and they will inherit it forever. I will multiply your descendants like the dust of the land that none can count. Your descendants will be numberless. Arise, walk about, go see how long and how wide it is, for I will give it to you and to your descendants after you, forever. Then I, Abraham, went out traveling in a circuit to survey the land. I began the circuit at the Gihon River, I went along the Mediterranean Sea until I reached the Mountain of the Bull (Taurus). I circled from the coast of this great river saltwater sea, skirting the Mount of the Bull, and continued eastward through the breadth of the and until I came to the Euphrates river. I traveled along the side of the Euphrates until I reached the Red Sea toward the east. I continued going along the side of the Red Sea until I reached the inlet (lit. ‘tongue’) of the Sea of Reeds which emerges from the Red Sea. From there I completed the circuit, moving southward to arrive at Gihon River. Then I returned home safely and found all is well with my men. Then I went and settled next to the oaks of Mamre, which is northeast of Hebron. There I built an altar and offered up burnt offering and a grain offering to the Elohim Most High. I ate and drank there, I and all the men of my household, and invited Mamre, Arnem, and Eshkol, three Amorite brothers and my friends. They ate and drank together with me.

Numbers 33:1-56 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)

Composed in Talmudic Israel (c.150 – c.250 AD). Targum Pseudo-Jonathan is a western targum (translation) of the Torah (Pentateuch) from the land of Israel (as opposed to the eastern Babylonian Targum Onkelos). Its correct title was originally Targum Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Targum), which is how it was known in medieval times. But because of a printer’s mistake it was later labeled Targum Jonathan, in reference to Jonathan ben Uzziel. Some editions of the Pentateuch continue to call it Targum Jonathan to this day. Most scholars refer to the text as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. This targum is more than a mere translation. It includes much Aggadic material collected from various sources as late as the Midrash Rabbah as well as earlier material from the Talmud. It is effectively a combination of a commentary and a translation. In the portions where it is pure translation, it often agrees with the Targum Onkelos. The date of its composition is disputed. It cannot have been completed before the Arabic conquest as it refers to Mohammad’s wife Fatimah, but might have been initially composed in the 4th Century AD. However, some scholars date it in the 14th Century.

Chapter 33 These are the journeys of the Beni Israel who went forth from the land of Mizraim in their hosts, by the hand of Mosheh and Aharon. And Mosheh wrote their goings out, and by their journeys by the Word of the Lord; and these are their journeys according to their goings out. And they went forth from Ramesis in the first new moon, on the fifteenth day of the first new moon, after the day of the Pascha, the sons of Israel went out in full view of the eyes of all the Mizraee. And the Mizraee buried all the firstborn which the Lord had slain among them, and upon their idols had the Lord wrought judgments. And the sons of Israel proceeded from Ramesis, and encamped in Sukkot. And they went on from Sukkot, and encamped in Etham, which is on the side of the wilderness. And they removed from Etham, and returned upon PumHiratha, before Baal-Zephon, and pitched before Migdol. And they departed from Pum-Hiratha, and went through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went, going three days in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah. And they removed from Marah, and came to Elim; and in Elim were twelve wells of water and seventy palm trees, and they encamped there. And they removed from Elim, and pitched by the Sea of Suph. And they removed from the Sea of Suph, and pitched in the wilderness of Sin. And they departed from the wilderness of Sin, and pitched in Dapheka; and they removed from Dapheka, and encamped in Alush. And they removed from Alush, and pitched in Rephidin; and there was no water for the people to drink. And they removed from Rephidin, and encamped in the wilderness of Sinai. And they removed from the wilderness of Sinai, and encamped at the Sepulchres of Desire. And they removed from the Sepulchres of Desire, and pitched in Hazeroth; and they removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in Rithema. And they removed from Rithema, and pitched in Rimmon-pharez. And they removed from Rimmon-pharez, and encamped in Libnah. And they removed from Libnah, and pitched in Resah. And they removed from Resah, and pitched in Kehelatha. And they removed from Kehelatha, and encamped at Mount Shapher. And they removed from Mount Shapher, and encamped in Harada. And they removed from Harada, and pitched in Makheloth. And they removed from Makheloth, and pitched in Tachath. And they removed from Tachath, and pitched in Tharah. And they removed from Tharah, and pitched in Mitheka. And they removed from Mitheka, and encamped in Hashmona. And they removed from Hashmona, and pitched in Moseroth. And they removed from Moseroth, and encamped in Beni Jaakan. And they removed from Beni Jaakan, and pitched at Mount Hagidgad. And they removed from Mount Hagidgad, and pitched in Jetbatha. And they removed from Jetbatha, and pitched in Ebrona. And they removed from Ebrona, and pitched in Ezion-Geber. And they removed from Ezion-Geber, and encamped in the wilderness of Zin, which is Rekem. And they removed from Rekem, and encamped at Mount Hor, on the borders of the land of Edom. And Aharon the priest went up on Mount Hor by the Word of the Lord, and died there in the fortieth year of the outgoing of the sons of Israel from the land of Mizraim, in the fifth new moon, on the first of the new moon. And Aharon was a son of one hundred and twenty-three years when he died on Mount Hor. And the Kenaanite, king of Harad, who dwelt in the south, in the land of Kenaan, heard of the coming of the Beni Israel. And they removed from Mount Hor, and encamped in Zalmona. And they removed from Zalmona, and pitched in Phunon. And they removed from Phunon, and pitched in Aboth. And they removed from Aboth, and encamped at the Passing Fords on the border of Moab. And they removed from the Fords, and pitched at Dibon Gad. And they removed from Dibon Gad, and pitched in Elmon Diblathaimah. And they removed from Elmon Diblathaimah, and pitched at the mountains of Abaraee, which are before Nebo. And they removed from the mountains of Abaraee, and encamped in the plains of Moab by Jordan (over against) Jericho. And they encamped by the Jordan from Beth Jeshimoth unto the vale of Sittin in the fields of Moab. And the Lord spake with Mosheh in the fields of Moaba by the Jordan (near) Jericho, saying: Speak with the sons of Israel, and say to them: When you have passed over Jordan to the land of Kenaan, you will cast out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, demolish all the houses of their worship, destroy all their molten images, and lay waste all their high places. And you will cast out the inhabitants of the land, and dwell in it; for I have given you the land to inherit. And you will possess the land by lot, according to your families; to the many you will make their possession large, and to the few diminish the possession: where the lot falleth to anyone, there will he be; according to the tribes of your fathers you will possess. But if you will not drive out the inhabitants of the country from before you, it will be that those who remain of them, combining, will take arms against you, and surrounding you with camps they will distress you in the land wherein you dwell. And it will be that what I had thought to do unto them, I will do unto you.