• Torah (T): Bereshiyt (Genesis) 6:1-22
• Prophets (P): Daniel 7:13-22
• Apostolic (A): 1 Peter 3:13-22
• Additional (ADD): Jubilees 5:1-18

RELATED SCRIPTURES

• Genesis 1:26; Genesis 9:6; Colossians 3:9-11 (T)
• 1 Corinthians 11:7-12 (T)
• Matthew 19:1-6; Mark 10:1-9 (T)
• 1 Chronicles 1:1-4; Luke 3:36-38 (T)
• Job 1:6-12; Job 2:1-7 (T)
• Job 38:7 (T)
• Deuteronomy 32:8-12; Deuteronomy 8:43; Psalms 82:1-8; John 10:31-38 (T)
• Daniel 4:13-27 (T, ADD)
• Numbers 13:25-33 (T)
• Deuteronomy 1:21-28 (T)
• Joshua 12:1-4; Joshua 13:12 (T)
• 2 Samuel 21:15-22 (T)
• 1 Chronicles 20:1-8 (T)
• Psalms 33:16 (T) Septuagint (LXX) text as translated in the Apostolic Bible Polyglot by Charles VanderPool
• Proverbs 21:16 (T) Septuagint (LXX) text as translated in the Apostolic Bible Polyglot by Charles VanderPool
• Matthew 12:43-45; Luke 11:24-26 (T)
• Matthew 24:36-38; Luke 17:26-27 (T)
• Mark 1:21-28 (T)
• Mark 3:10-12 (T)
• Mark 12:18-25 (T)
• Luke 4:31-41 (T)
• Ephesians 6:11-18 (T)
• 1 Peter 5:8 (T)
• 2 Peter 2:4 (T)

RELATED ADDITIONAL REA.D.INGS

• Judith 16:6-7 (T)
• Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 (T)
• Sirach 16:6-9 (T)
• Baruch 3:24-28 (T)
• 3 Maccabees 2:1-5 (T)
• The Book of the Giants 4Q203, 1Q23, 2Q26, 4Q530-532, 6Q8 (T)
• An Exorcism 4Q560 (T)
• Jubilees 7:20-29 (T)
• Jubilees 10:1-14 (T)
• Enoch 1:1-9 (T)
• Enoch 12:1-6 (T)
• Enoch 6:1-8, Enoch 7:1-6 (T)
• Enoch 8:1 – 9:11 (T)
• Enoch 10:1-21 (T)
• Enoch 14:1-7 (T)
• Enoch 15:1-11 (T)
• Enoch 16:1-4 (T)
• Fragment of the Book of Noaḥ̣ from Enoch 106:1-19 (T)
• Genesis 6:1-22 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)
• Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 1.2.3 – 1.3.4 (T)

Note: (T) means the verse relates to that week’s Torah portion. (P) means the verse relates to that week’s Prophets portion. (A) means the verse relates to that week’s Apostolic portion. (ADD) means the verse relates to that week’s Additional portion.

Torah Portion (T)

Bereshiyt (Genesis) 6:1-22

6:1 When the man began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, 2 The sons of [the Elohim]^(MTT) saw that daughters of the man were beautiful, and they took any that they wanted for themselves as wives. 3 YHWH [Elohim]^(LXX) said, “[My spirit will certainly not remain among these men forever],^(LXX) because he also is flesh; so his days will be one hundred twenty years.” 4 The Nephilim were in the land in those days, and also after that, when the sons of [the Elohim]^(MTT) came in to daughters of the man and bore to them. Those were the mighty ones who were from a distant time, men of name. 5 [Elohim]^(LXX) saw that the wickedness of the man was great in the land, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the days. 6 [Elohim]^(LXX) regretted that he had made man on the land, and it grieved him in his heart. 7 [Elohim]^(LXX) said, “I will destroy the man whom I have created from the face of the ground—from the man as well as beast, as well as creeping things, as well as birds of the heavens—for I regret that I made them.” 8 But Noaḥ found favor in the eyes of [Elohim].^(LXX) 9 These are the birthings of Noaḥ: Noaḥ was a righteous man, perfect in his generations. Noaḥ walked with [the Elohim].^(MTT) 10 Noaḥ became the father of three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The land was corrupt before [the Elohim],^(MTT) and the land was filled with violence. 12 Elohim saw the land, and saw that it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted their way on the land. 13 Elohim said to Noaḥ, “I will bring an end to all flesh, for the land is filled with violence through them. Behold, I will destroy them and the land. 14 Make an ark of gopher wood. You shall make rooms in the ark, and shall seal it inside and outside with pitch. 15 This is how you shall make it. The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. 16 You shall make a roof in the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit upward. You shall set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third levels. 17 And I, behold, I am bringing the flood of waters on this land, to destroy all flesh having the spirit of lives from under the heavens. Everything that is in the land will die. 18 But I will establish my covenant with you. You shall come into the ark, you, your sons, your wife, and your sons' wives with you. 19 Of every living thing of all flesh, you shall bring two of every sort into the ark, to keep them alive with you. They shall be male and female. 20 Of the birds after their kind, of the livestock after their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground after their kind, two of every sort will come to you, to keep them alive. 21 Take with you some of all food that is eaten, and gather it to yourself; and it will be for food for you, and for them.” 22 Thus Noaḥ did. He did all that Elohim commanded him.

Prophets Portion (P)

7:13 “I saw in the night visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of the heavens one like a son of enash, and he came even to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him. 14 Dominion was given him, and glory, and a reign, that all the peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which will not pass away, and his reign one that will not be destroyed. 15 “As for me, Daniel, my spirit was grieved within my body, and the visions of my head troubled me. 16 I came near to one of those who stood by, and asked him the truth concerning all this. “So he told me, and made me know the interpretation of the things. 17 ‘These great animals, which are four, are four kings, who will arise out of the land. 18 But the holy ones of the Most High will receive the reign, and possess the reign forever, even forever and ever.’ 19 “Then I desired to know the truth concerning the fourth animal, which was different from all of them, exceedingly terrible, whose teeth were of iron, and its nails of bronze; which devoured, broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; 20 and concerning the ten horns that were on its head and the other horn which came up, and before which three fell, even that horn that had eyes and a mouth that spoke arrogantly, whose look was more stout than its fellows. 21 I saw, and the same horn made war with the holy ones, and prevailed against them, 22 until the Ancient of Days came, and judgment was given to the holy ones of the Most High, and the time came that the holy ones possessed the reign.

Apostolic Portion (A)

3:13 Now who will harm you if you become [zealous]^(mss) of that which is good? 14 But even if you should suffer for righteousness’ sake, you are blessed. “Don’t fear what they fear, neither be troubled.” (cf. Isaiah 8:12) 15 But sanctify [in your hearts Messiah as Lord].^(mss) Always be ready to give an answer to everyone who asks you a reason concerning the hope that is in you, [yet]^(mss) with humility and fear, 16 having a good conscience. Thus, while you are spoken against as evildoers, they may be disappointed who curse your good way of life in Messiah. 17 For it is better, if it is the Elohim will, that you suffer for doing what is right than for doing evil. 18 Because Messiah also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring you to Elohim, being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in [spirit],^(mss) 19 in whom he also went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 who before were disobedient when Elohim waited patiently in the days of Noaḥ while the ark was being built. In it, few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. 21 This is a symbol of immersion, which now saves you—not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward Elohim—through the resurrection of Yeshua the Messiah, 22 who is at the right hand of Elohim, having gone into heaven, angels and authorities and powers being made subject to him.

Additional Portion (ADD)

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

5:1 And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the land and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of Elohim 4 saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants. 2. And lawlessness increased on the land and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and everything that walketh on the land-all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the land and every imagination of the thoughts of all men was thus evil continually. 3. And Elohim looked upon the land, and behold it was corrupt, and all flesh had corrupted its orders, and all that were upon the land had wrought all manner of evil before His eyes. 4. And He said: “I will destroy man and all flesh upon the face of the land which I have created.” 5. But Noaḥ found grace before the eyes of the Lord. 6. And against the angels whom He had sent upon the land, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave commandment to root them out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths of the land, and behold they are bound in the midst of them, and are kept separate. 7. And against their sons went forth a command from before His face that they should be smitten with the sword, and be removed from under the heavens. 8. And He said “Thy spirit will not always abide on man; for they also are flesh and their days will be one hundred and twenty years.” 9. And He sent His sword into their midst that each should slay his neighbour, and they began to slay each other till they all fell by the sword and were destroyed from the land. 10. And their fathers were witnesses of their destruction, and after this they were bound in the depths of the land for ever, until the day of the great condemnation when judgment is executed on all those who have corrupted their ways and their works before the Lord. 11. And He †destroyed† all from their places, and there †was† not left one of them whom He judged not according to all their wickedness. 12. And He †made† for all His works a new and righteous nature, so that they should not sin in their whole nature for ever, but should be all righteous each in his kind always. 13. And the judgment of all is ordained and written on the heavenly tables in righteousness–even the judgment of all who depart from the path which is ordained for them to walk in; and if they walk not therein judgment is written down for every creature and for every kind. 14. And there is nothing in the heavens or on land, or in light or in darkness, or in Sheol or in the depth, or in the place of darkness which is not judged; and all their judgments are ordained and written and engraved. 15. In regard to all He will judge, the great according to his greatness, and the small according to his smallness, and each according to his way. 16. And He is not one who will regard the person of any, nor is He one who will receive gifts, if He saith that He will execute judgment on each: if one gave everything that is on the land, He will not regard the gifts or the person of any, nor accept anything at his hands, for He is a righteous judge. [17. And of the sons of Israel it hath been written and ordained: If they turn to Him in righteousness, He will forgive all their transgressions and pardon all their sins. 18. It is written and ordained that He will show mercy to all who turn from all their guilt once each year.]

Related Scriptures

Genesis 1:26; Genesis 9:6; Colossians 3:9-11 (T)

Genesis 1:26 Elohim said, “Let’s make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the livestock, [and over all the wild animals of the land],^(syr) and over every creeping thing that creeps on the land.”

Genesis 9:6 Whoever sheds man’s blood, his blood will be shed by man, for Elohim made man in his own image.

Colossians 3:9 Don’t lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the bearded man with his doings, 10 and have put on the new man, who is being renewed in knowledge after the image of his Creator, 11 where there can’t be Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bondservant, or free person; but Messiah is all, and in all.

1 Corinthians 11:7-12 (T)

11:7 For a man indeed ought not to have his head covered, because he is the image and glory of Elohim, but the woman is the glory of the man. 8 For man is not from woman, but woman from man; 9 for man wasn’t created for the woman, but woman for the man. 10 For this cause the woman ought to have authority over her own head, because of the angels. 11 Nevertheless, neither is the woman independent of the man, nor the man independent of the woman, in the Lord. 12 For as wife came from man, so a man also comes through a woman; but all things are from Elohim.

Matthew 19:1-6; Mark 10:1-9 (T)

Matthew 19:1 When Yeshua had finished these words, he departed from Galilee and came into the borders of Judea beyond the Jordan. 2 Great multitudes followed him, and he healed them there. 3 Pharisees came to him, testing him and saying, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason?” 4 He answered, “Haven’t you read that he who made them from the beginning made them male and female, (cf. Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2) 5 and said, ‘For this cause a man will leave his father and mother, and will be joined to his wife; and the two will become one flesh?’ (cf. Genesis 2:24) 6 So that they are no more two, but one flesh. What therefore Elohim has joined together, don’t let man tear apart.”

Mark 10:1 He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he was again teaching them. 2 Pharisees came to him testing him, and asked him, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” 3 He answered, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses allowed a certificate of divorce to be written, and to divorce her.” 5 But Yeshua said to them, “For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment. 6 But from the beginning of the creation, Elohim made them male and female. (cf. Genesis 1:27; Genesis 5:2) 7 For this cause a man will leave his father and mother, and will join to his wife, 8 and the two will become one flesh, (Genesis 2:24) so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. 9 What therefore Elohim has joined together, let no man separate.”

1 Chronicles 1:1-4; Luke 3:36-38 (T)

1 Chronicles 1:1 Adam, Seth, Enosh, 2 Cainan, Mahalalel, Jared, 3 Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, 4 Noaḥ, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

Luke 3:36 the son of Cainan, the son of Arpachshad, the son of Shem, the son of Noaḥ, the son of Lamech, 37 the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalalel, the son of Cainan, 38 the son of Enosh, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of Elohim.

Job 1:6 Now on the day when the sons of Elohim came to present themselves before YHWH, Satan also came among them. 7 YHWH said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Then Satan answered YHWH, and said, “From going back and forth in the land, and from walking up and down in it.” 8 YHWH said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant, Job? For there is no one like him in the land, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears Elohim, and turns away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered YHWH, and said, “Does Job fear Elohim for nothing? 10 Haven’t you made a hedge around him, and around his house, and around all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. 11 But stretch out your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will renounce you to your face.” 12 YHWH said to Satan, “Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don’t stretch out your hand.”

Job 2:7 YHWH said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” Satan answered YHWH, and said, “From going back and forth in the land, and from walking up and down in it.” 3 YHWH said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? For there is no one like him in the land, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears Elohim, and turns away from evil. He still maintains his integrity, although you incited me against him, to ruin him without cause.” 4 Satan answered YHWH, and said, “Skin for skin. Yes, all that a man has he will give for his life. 5 But stretch out your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will renounce you to your face.” 6 YHWH said to Satan, “Behold, he is in your hand. Only spare his life.” 7 So Satan went out from the face of YHWH, and struck Job with painful sores from the sole of his foot to his head.

38:7 when the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of Elohim shouted for joy?

Deuteronomy 32:8-12; Deuteronomy 8:43; Psalms 82:1-8; John 10:31-38 (T)

Deuteronomy 32:8 When Elyon gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of man, he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of [Elohim].^(DSS) 9 For the portion of YHWH is his people. Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. 10 He found him in a desert land, in the waste howling wilderness. He surrounded him. He cared for him. He kept him as the apple of his eye. 11 As an eagle that stirs up her nest, that flutters over her young, he spread abroad his wings, he took them, he bore them on his feathers. 12 YHWH alone led him. There was no foreign elohim with him…

Deuteronomy 32:8 (English Standard Version Bible) When the Most High agave to the nations their inheritance, when he divided mankind, he fixed the borders of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Elohim. 9 But the LORD’s portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage.

Deuteronomy 32:8 (Dead Sea Scrolls) When the Most High gave to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of men, he set the bounds of the peoples according to the number of the sons of Elohim. 9 For the portion of YHWH is his people. Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.

Deuteronomy 32:8 (Septuagint text as translated in the Apostolic Bible Polyglot by Charles VanderPool) When the highest divided nations into parts, as he disseminated the sons of Adam, he set the borders of nations according to the number of the angels of Elohim; 9 and his people Jacob became a portion for the LORD. Israel is a piece of measured out land of his inheritance.

Deuteronomy 32:43 According to Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) and Septuagint (LXX)

32:43 Rejoice, [the heavens, together with him]^(DSS)(LXX) [and bow down to him all you elohim],^(DSS) [and let all the angels of Elohim worship him];^{(LXX)(cf. Hebrews 1:6)} rejoice ye Nations, with his people, ^{(LXX)(cf. Romans 15:10)}, for he will avenge the blood of his [sons],^(DSS)(LXX) and will render vengeance to his enemies, and [will recompense those who hate him];^(DSS)(LXX) and [will atone]^(DSS) [for the land of his people].^(DSS)(LXX)

Psalms 82:1 A Psalm by Asaph. Elohim presides in the assembly of elohim. He judges among elohim. 2 “How long will you judge unjustly, and show partiality to the wicked?” Selah. 3 “Judge for the helpless and the fatherless. Do righteousness to the afflicted and dispossessed. 4 Rescue the helpless and needy. Deliver them out of the hand of the wicked.” 5 They don’t know, neither do they understand. They walk back and forth in darkness. All the foundations of the earth are shaken. 6 I said, “You are elohim, all of you are sons of the Most High. 7 Nevertheless you will die like men, and fall like one of the rulers.” 8 Arise, Elohim, judge the earth, for you inherit all of the nations.

John 10:31 Therefore the Judeans took up stones again to stone him. 32 Yeshua answered them, “I have shown you many good works from my Father. For which of those works do you stone me?” 33 The Judeans answered him, “We don’t stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy, because you, being a man, make yourself Elohim.” 34 Yeshua answered them, “Isn’t it written in your law, ‘I said, you are elohim?’ (cf. Psalm 82:6) 35 If he called them elohim, to whom the word of Elohim came, and the Scripture can’t be broken, 36 do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You blaspheme,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of Elohim?’ 37 If I don’t do the works of my Father, don’t believe me. 38 But if I do them, though you don’t believe me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father.”

13:25 They returned from spying out the land at the end of forty days. 26 They went and came to Moses, to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh; and brought back word to them and to all the congregation. They showed them the fruit of the land. 27 They told him, and said, “We came to the land where you sent us. Surely it flows with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28 However, the people who dwell in the land are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover, we saw the son of Anak there. 29 Amalek dwells in the land of the South. The Hittite, the Jebusite, and the Amorite dwell in the hill country. The Canaanite dwells by the sea, and along the side of the Jordan.” 30 Caleb stilled the people before Moses, and said, “Let’s go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it!” 31 But the men who went up with him said, “We aren’t able to go up against the people; for they are stronger than we.” 32 They brought up an evil report of the land which they had spied out to the son of Israel, saying, “The land, through which we have gone to spy it out, is a land that eats up its inhabitants; and all the people who we saw in it are men of great stature. 33 There we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, who come from the Nephilim. We were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight.”

1:21 Behold, YHWH your Elohim has set the land before you. Go up, take possession, as YHWH the Elohim of your fathers has spoken to you. Don’t be afraid, neither be dismayed.” 22 You came near to me, everyone of you, and said, “Let’s send men before us, that they may search the land for us, and bring back to us word of the way by which we must go up, and the cities to which we will come.” 23 The thing pleased me well. I took twelve of your men, one man for every tribe. 24 They turned and went up into the hill country, and came to the valley of Eshcol, and spied it out. 25 They took some of the fruit of the land in their hands and brought it down to us, and brought us word again, and said, “It is a good land which YHWH our Elohim gives to us.” 26 Yet you wouldn’t go up, but rebelled against the commandment of YHWH your Elohim. 27 You murmured in your tents, and said, “Because YHWH hated us, he has brought us out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where are we going up? Our brothers have made our heart melt, saying, ‘The people are greater and taller than we. The cities are great and fortified up to the heavens. Moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakim there!’ ”

Joshua 12:1 Now these are the kings of the land, whom the sons of Israel struck, and possessed their land beyond the Jordan toward the sunrise, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon, and all the Arabah eastward: 2 Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the middle of the valley, and half Gilead, even to the river Jabbok, the border of the sons of Ammon; 3 and the Arabah to the sea of Chinneroth, eastward, and to the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, eastward, the way to Beth Jeshimoth; and on the south, under the slopes of Pisgah: 4 and the border of Og king of Bashan, of the remnant of the Rephaim, who lived at Ashtaroth and at Edrei

Joshua 13:12 all the reign of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei (who was left of the remnant of the Rephaim); for Moses attacked these, and drove them out.

21:15 The Philistines had war again with Israel; and David went down, and his servants with him, and fought against the Philistines. David grew faint; 16 and Ishbibenob, who was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, he being armed with a new sword, thought he would kill David. 17 But Abishai the son of Zeruiah helped him, and struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David swore to him, saying, “Don’t go out with us to battle any more, so that you don’t quench the lamp of Israel.” 18 After this, there was again war with the Philistines at Gob. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Saph, who was of the sons of the giant. 19 There was again war with the Philistines at Gob; and Elhanan the son of Jaare-Oregim the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the Gittite’s brother, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. 20 There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had six fingers on every hand, and six toes on every foot, twenty four in count; and he also was born to the giant. 21 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimei, David’s brother, killed him. 22 These four were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

20:1 At the time of the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, Joab led out the army, and wasted the country of the sons of Ammon, and came and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem. Joab struck Rabbah, and overthrew it. 2 David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it. It was set on David’s head, and he brought very much plunder out of the city. 3 He brought out the people who were in it, and had them cut with saws, with iron picks, and with axes. David did so to all the cities of the sons of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem. 4 After this, war arose at Gezer with the Philistines. Then Sibbecai the Hushathite killed Sippai, of the sons of the giant; and they were subdued. 5 Again there was war with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. 6 There was again war at Gath, where there was a man of great stature, who had twenty-four fingers and toes, six on each hand, and six on each foot; and he also was born to the giant. 7 When he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother killed him. 8 These were born to the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants.

33:16 A king is not delivered because of much force and a giant will not be delivered by the magnitude of his strength.

21:16 A man wandering from the way of righteousness will rest in the gathering of giants.

Matthew 12:43 “When an unclean spirit has gone out of a man, he passes through waterless places seeking rest, and doesn’t find it. 44 Then he says, ‘I will return into my house from which I came;’ and when he has come back, he finds it empty, swept, and put in order. 45 Then he goes and takes with himself seven other spirits more evil than he is, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first. Even so will it be also to this evil generation.”

Luke 11:24 The unclean spirit, when he has gone out of the man, passes through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none, he says, ‘I will turn back to my house from which I came out.’ 25 When he returns, he finds it swept and put in order. 26 Then he goes, and takes seven other spirits more evil than himself, and they enter in and dwell there. The last state of that man becomes worse than the first.”

Matthew 24:36 “But no one knows of that day and hour, not even the angels of the heavens, but my Father only. 37 As the days of Noaḥ were, so will the coming of the Son of Man be. 38 For as in those days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noaḥ entered into the ark, 39 and they didn’t know until the flood came and took them all away, so will the coming of the Son of Man be.

Luke 17:26 As it was in the days of Noaḥ, even so it will also be in the days of the Son of Man. 27 They ate, they drank, they married, and they were given in marriage until the day that Noaḥ entered into the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all.

1:21 They went into Capernaum, and immediately on the Sabbath day he entered into the synagogue and taught. 22 They were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as having authority, and not as the scribes. 23 Immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit, and he cried out, 24 saying, “Ha! What do we have to do with you, Yeshua, you Nazarene? Have you come to destroy us? I know you who you are: the Holy One of Elohim!” 25 Yeshua rebuked him, saying, “Be quiet, and come out of him!” 26 The unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying with a loud voice, came out of him. 27 They were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, “What is this? A new teaching? For with authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him!” 28 The report of him went out immediately everywhere into all the region of Galilee and its surrounding area.

3:10 For he had healed many, so that as many as had diseases pressed on him that they might touch him. 11 The unclean spirits, whenever they saw him, fell down before him and cried, “You are the Son of Elohim!” 12 He sternly warned them that they should not make him known.

12:18 Some Sadducees, who say that there is no resurrection, came to him. They asked him, saying, 19 “Rabbi, Moses wrote to us, ‘If a man’s brother dies, and leaves a woman behind him, and leaves no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up seed for his brother.’ 20 There were seven brothers. The first took a woman, and dying left no seed. 21 The second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise; 22 and the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died. 23 In the resurrection, when they rise, whose woman will she be of them? For the seven had her as a woman.” 24 Yeshua answered them, “Isn’t this because you are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of Elohim? 25 For when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in the heavens.

4:31 He came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee. He was teaching them on the Sabbath day, 32 and they were astonished at his teaching, for his word was with authority. 33 In the synagogue there was a man who had a spirit of an unclean demon, and he cried out with a loud voice, 34 saying, “Ah! what have we to do with you, Yeshua of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are: the Holy One of Elohim!” 35 Yeshua rebuked him, saying, “Be silent, and come out of him!” When the demon had thrown him down in the middle of them, he came out of him, having done him no harm. 36 Amazement came on all, and they spoke together, one with another, saying, “What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!” 37 News about him went out into every place of the surrounding region. 38 He rose up from the synagogue, and entered into Shimon’s house. Shimon’s mother-in-law was afflicted with a great fever, and they begged him for her. 39 He stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her. Immediately she rose up and served them. 40 When the sun was setting, all those who had any sick with various diseases brought them to him; and he laid his hands on every one of them, and healed them. 41 Demons also came out of many, crying out, and saying, “You are the Messiah, the Son of Elohim!” Rebuking them, he didn’t allow them to speak, because they knew that he was the Messiah.

6:11 Put on the whole armor of Elohim, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12 For our wrestling is not against flesh and blood, but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world’s rulers of the darkness of this age, and against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places. 13 Therefore put on the whole armor of Elohim, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. 14 Stand therefore, having girded your waist with truth (cf. Isaiah 11:5), and having put on the breastplate of righteousness (cf. Isaiah 59:17), 15 and having fitted your feet with the preparation of the Good News of peace (cf. Isaiah 52:7), 16 above all, taking up the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation (cf. Isaiah 59:17), and the sword of the Spirit, which is the spoken word of Elohim; 18 with all prayer and requests, praying at all times in the Spirit, and being watchful to this end in all perseverance and requests for all the holy ones.

5:8 Be sober and self-controlled. Be watchful. Your adversary, the devil, walks around like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.

2:4 For if Elohim didn’t spare angels when they sinned, but cast them down to Tartaros, and committed them to pits of darkness to be reserved for judgment

Related Additional Readings

Judith 16:6-7 (T)

The Book of Judith relates the story of His deliverance of the Jewish people. This was accomplished “by the hand of a female”—a constant motif meant to recall the “hand” of Elohim in the Exodus narrative. The work may have been written around 100 B.C., but its historical range is extraordinary.

16:6 The Almighty Lord brought them to nothing by the hand of a woman. 7 For their mighty one didn’t fall by young men, neither did sons of the Titans strike him. 7 For their mighty one didn’t fall by young men, neither did sons of the Titans strike him. Tall giants didn’t attack him, but Judith the daughter of Merari made him weak with the beauty of her countenance.

Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 (T)

The Wisdom of Solomon or Book of Wisdom is a Jewish work, written in Greek, composed in Alexandria (Egypt). Generally dated to the late first century B.C.

14:6 For in the old time also, when proud giants were perishing, the hope of the world, taking refuge on a raft, your hand guided the seed of generations of the race of men.

Sirach 16:6-9 (T)

Sirach, or Wisdom of Sirach, and also known as the Book of Ecclesiasticus (abbreviated Ecclus.) or Ben Sira, is a work of ethical teachings, from approximately 200 to 175 B.C., written by the Jewish scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his father Joshua son of Sirach, sometimes called Jesus son of Sirach or Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira. The Sirach was almost completely uncovered in Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls, at Masada, and the Cairo Geniza. The multiplicity of manuscript fragments uncovered in the Cairo Genizah evidence its authoritative status among Egyptian Jewry until the Middle Ages. Quotes from Sirach can be found in Rabbinic literature in multiple places including the 4th Century Talmud in Bava Kamma 92b:13 and Hagigah 13a:2. Additionally, the Gospels and other Apostolic Scriptures quote from the Book of Sirach including the Song of Miriam in Luke 1:52 (cf. Sirach 10:14); the description of the seed in Mark 4:5, 16–17 (cf. Sirach 40:15); the statement by Yeshua in Matthew 7:16,20 (cf. Sirach 27:6); and Ya’aqov (James) 1:19 (cf. Sirach 5:11).

16:6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.

Baruch 3:24-28 (T)

The Book of Baruch is named after Baruch ben Neriah, Jeremiah’s well-known scribe, who is mentioned at Baruch 1:1, and has been presumed to be the author of the whole work. Although not in the Hebrew Bible, it is found in the Septuagint, in the Eritrean/Ethiopian Orthodox Bible, and the Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Russian Orthodox Churches. In some Bibles, Baruch chapter 6 is listed as a separate book called The Letter of Jeremiah, reflecting its separation from Baruch in some copies of the Greek Septuagint. Some scholars propose that it was written during or shortly after the period of the Maccabees. Although the earliest known manuscripts of Baruch are in Greek, linguistic features of the first parts of Baruch (1:1-3:8) have been proposed as indicating a translation from a Semitic language.

3:24 O Israel, how great is the house of Elohim! How large is the place of his possession! 25 It is great and has no end. It is high and unmeasurable. 26 Giants were born that were famous of old, great of stature, and expert in war. 27 Elohim didn’t choose these, nor did he give the way of knowledge to them, 28 so they perished, because they had no wisdom. They perished through their own foolishness.

3 Maccabees 2:1-5 (T)

The title of 3 Maccabees is curious because the book has nothing to do with the Maccabees (who are never mentioned in it). The principal feature that it shares with 1-2 Maccabees is that it is a story about a situation in which the Jewish people, this time in Egypt, were in danger of being annihilated by a Hellenistic monarch, in part for their religious convictions and practices. The book was composed in Greek and relates a story set in the time of Ptolemy IV Philopater (221-203 B.C.E).

2:1 Now it was that the high priest Simon bowed his knees near the holy place, spread out his hands in reverent form, and uttered the following prayer: 2 “O Lord, Lord, King of the heavens, and Ruler of the whole creation, Holy among the holy, sole Governor, Almighty, give ear to us who are oppressed by a wicked and profane one, who celebrates in his confidence and strength. 3 It is you, the Creator of all, the Lord of the universe, who are a righteous Governor, and judge all who act with pride and insolence. 4 It was you who destroyed the former workers of unrighteousness, among whom were the giants, who trusted in their strength and daring, by covering them with a measureless flood. 5 It was you who made the Sodomites, those workers of exceedingly iniquity, men notorious for their vices, an example to later generations, when you covered them with fire and sulfur.

The Book of the Giants 4Q203, 1Q23, 2Q26, 4Q530-532, 6Q8 (T)

A summary statement of the descent of the wicked angels, bringing both knowledge and havoc. Compare Genesis 6:1-2, 4.

1Q23 Frag. 9 + 14 + 15 ²[…] they knew the secrets of […] [… si]n was great in the earth […] […] and they killed many […] [… they begat] giants […]

The angels exploit the fruitfulness of the earth.

4Q531 Frag. 3 ¹²[… everything that the] earth produced […] […] the great fish […] […] the sky with all that grew […] [… fruit of] the earth and all kinds of grain and all the trees […] […] beasts and rep- tiles… [al]l creeping things of the earth and they observed all […] 18[… every harsh deed and […] utterance […] […] male and female, and among humans […]

The two hundred angels choose animals on which to perform unnatural acts, including, presumably, humans.

1Q23 Frag. 1 + 6 [… two hundred] donkeys, two hundred asses, two hundred. . rams of the] flock, two hundred goats, two hundred [… beast of the] ‘field from every animal, from every [bird…] […] for miscegena- tion […]

The outcome of the demonic corruption was violence, perversion, and a brood of monstrous beings. Compare Genesis 6:4.

4Q531 Frag. 2 […] they defiled […] [… they begot] giants and monsters […] […] they begot, and, behold, all [the earth was corrupted…] […] with its blood and by the hand of […] [giants] which did not suffice for them and […] […] and they were seeking to devour many […] […] […] the monsters attacked it.

4Q532 Col. 2 Frags. 1-6 ²[…] flesh […] all[…] monsters […] will be […] […] they would arise […] lacking in true knowledge […] because […] […] the earth [grew corrupt…] mighty […] […] they were considering […] […] from the angels upon […] *[…] in the end it will perish and die […] […] they caused great corruption in the [earth…] [… this did not] suffice to […] “they will be […]

The giants begin to be troubled by a series of dreams and visions. Mahway, the titan son of the angel Barakel, reports the first of these dreams to his fellow giants. He sees a tablet being immersed in water. When it emerges, all but three names have been washed away. The dream evidently symbolizes the destruction of all but Noaḥ and his sons by the Flood.

2Q26[…] they drenched the tablet in the waſter…] […] the waters went up over the [tablet…] […] they lifted out the tablet from the water of […]

The giant goes to the others and they discuss the dream.

4Q530 Frag. 7 ‘[… this vision] is for cursing and sorrow. I am the one who confessed ²[…] the whole group of the castaways that I shall go to […] [… the spirits of the sl]ain complaining about their killers and crying out […] that we shall die together and be made an end of […] much and I will be sleeping, and bread […] for my dwelling; the vision and also […] entered into the gathering of the giants *[…]

6Q8 […] Ohya and he said to Mahway […] […] without trembling. Who showed you all this vision, [my] brother? […] Barakel, my father, was with me. […] Before Mahway had finished telling what [he had seen…] [… said] to him, Now I have heard wonders! If a barren woman gives birth […]

4Q530 Frag. 4 [There]upon Ohya said to Ha[hya…] [… to be destroyed] from upon the earth and […] [… the earth. When… […] they wept before [the giants…]

4Q530 Frag. 7[…] your strength […] […] Thereupon Ohya [said] to Hahya […] Then he answered, It is not for us, but for Azazel, for he did [… the children of] angels are the giants, and they would not let all their [loved ones] be neglected [… we have] not been cast down; you have strength […]

The giants realize the futility of fighting against the forces of heaven. The first speaker may be Gilgamesh.

4Q531 Frag. 1… I am a] giant, and by the mighty strength of my arm and my own great strength [… any]one mortal, and I have made war against them; but I am not […] able to stand against them, for my opponents […] reside in [Heav]en, and they dwell in the holy places. And not [… they] are stronger than I. “[…] of the wild beast has come, and the wild man they call [me]. […] Then Ohya said to him, I have been forced to have a dream “[…] the sleep of my eyes [vanished), to let me see a vision. Now I know that on […] -12[…] Gilgamesh […]

Ohya’s dream vision is of a tree that is uprooted except for three of its roots; the vi- sion’s import is the same as that of the first dream.

6Q8 Frag. 2 ‘three of its roots […] [while] I was [watching,] there came [… they moved the roots into] ‘this garden, all of them, and not […]

Ohya tries to avoid the implications of the visions. Above he stated that it referred only to the demon Azazel; here he suggests that the destruction is for the earthly rulers alone.

4Q530 Col. 2 concerns the death of our souls […] and all his com- rades, [and Oh]ya told them what Gilgamesh said to him […] and it was said […] “concerning […] the leader has cursed the potentates” ‘and the giants were glad at his words. Then he turned and left […]

More dreams afflict the giants. The details of this vision are obscure, but it bodes ill for the giants. The dreamers speak first to the monsters, then to the giants.

Thereupon two of them had dreams and the sleep of their eyes fled from them, and they arose and came to [… and told] their dreams, and said in the assembly of [their comrades] the monsters [… In] my dream I was watching this very night [and there was a garden…] gardeners and they were wa- tering [. two hundred trees and] large shoots came out of their root […] all the water, and the fire burned all 10[the garden…] They found the giants to tell them “[the dream…]

Someone suggests that Enoch be found to interpret the vision.

[… to Enoch] the noted scribe, and he will interpret for us “the dream. Thereupon his fellow Ohya declared and said to the giants, “I too had a dream this night, O giants, and, behold, the Ruler of Heaven came down to earth “[…] and such is the end of the dream. [Thereupon] all the giants [and monsters] grew afraid “and called Mahway. He came to them and the giants pleaded with him and sent him to Enoch [the noted scribe]. They said to him, Go […] to you that “[…] you have heard his voice. And he said to him, He will [… and] interpret the dreams […] Col. 3[…] how long the giants have to live. […]

After a cosmic journey, Mahway comes to Enoch and makes his request.

[… he mounted up in the air] ‘like strong winds, and flew with his hands like ea[gles he left behind] ‘the inhabited world and passed over Desolation, the great desert […] and Enoch saw him and hailed him, and Mahway said to him […] ‘hither and thither a second time to Mahway [… The giants await] “your words, and all the monsters of the earth. If […] has been carried […] from the days of […] their […] and they will be added […] […] we would know from you their meaning […] “[… two hundred trees that from heaven [came down…]

Enoch sends back a tablet with its grim message of judgment, but with hope for repentance.

4Q530 Frag. 2 ‘The scribe [Enoch…] […] a copy of the second tablet that [Enoch] se[nt…] in the very handwriting of Enoch the noted scribe [… In the name of God the great] and holy one, to Shemihaza and all [his companions…] ‘let it be known to you that not […] ‘and the things you have done, and that your wives […] they and their sons and the wives of [their sons .] by your licentiousness on the earth, and there has been upon you [… and the land is crying out] 1ºand complaining about you and the deeds of your children […] “the harm that you have done to it. […] 12until Raphael arrives, behold, destruction [is coming, a great flood, and it will destroy all living things] and whatever is in the deserts and the seas. And the meaning of the matter […] upon you for evil. But now, loosen the bonds bi[nding you to evil…] 15 and pray.

A fragment apparently detailing a vision that Enoch saw.

4Q531 Frag. 73 [… great fear] seized me and I fell on my face; I heard his voice […] […] he dwelt among human beings but he did not learn from them […]

An Exorcism 4Q560 (T)

Col. 1 ²[…] the midwife, the punishment of those who bear children, any evil visitant or d[emon…] [… I adjure you, all who en]ter into the body: the male Wasting-demon and the female Wasting-demon [… I adjure you by the name of the LORD, “He Who re]moves iniquity and transgression” (Exod. 34:7), O Fever-demon and Chills-demon and Chest Pain-demon 1… You are forbidden to disturb by night using dreams or by daļy during sleep, O male Shrine-spirit and female Shrine-spirit, O you demons who breach [walls… wicked […] Col. 2 ²before h[im…] ‘before him and […] And I, O spirit, adjure [you against…] I adjure you, O spirit, [that you…] “On the earth, in clouds […]

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

7:20 And in the twenty-eighth jubilee Noaḥ began to enjoin upon his sons’ sons the ordinances and commandments, and all the judgments that he knew, and he exhorted his sons to observe righteousness, and to cover the shame of their flesh, and to bless their Creator, and honour father and mother, and love their neighbour, and guard their souls from fornication and uncleanness and all iniquity. 21. For owing to these three things 6 came the flood upon the land, namely, owing to the fornication wherein the Watchers against the law of their ordinances went a whoring after the daughters of men, and took themselves wives of all which they chose: and they made the beginning of uncleanness. 22. And they begat sons the Nâphîdîm, and †they were all unlike†, and they devoured one another: and the Giants slew the Nâphîl, and the Nâphîl slew the Eljô, and the Eljô mankind, and one man another. 23. And every one sold himself to work iniquity and to shed much blood, and the land was filled with iniquity. 24. And after this they sinned against the beasts and birds, and all that moveth and walketh on the land: and much blood was shed on the land, and every imagination and desire of men imagined vanity and evil continually. 25. And the Lord destroyed everything from off the face of the land; because of the wickedness of their deeds, and because of the blood which they had shed in the midst of the land He destroyed everything. 26. “And we were left, I and you, my sons, and everything that entered with us into the ark, and behold I see your works before me that ye do not walk in righteousness; for in the path of destruction ye have begun to walk, and ye are parting one from another, and are envious one of another, and (so it cometh) that ye are not in harmony, my sons, each with his brother. 27. For I see, and behold the demons have begun (their) seductions against you and against your children, and now I fear on your behalf, that after my death ye will shed the blood of men upon the land, and that ye, too, will be destroyed from the face of the land. 28. For whoso sheddeth man’s blood, and whoso eateth the blood of any flesh, will all be destroyed from the land. 29. And there will not be left any man that eateth blood. Or that sheddeth the blood of man on the land, Nor will there be left to him any seed or descendants living under the heavens; For into Sheol will they go, And into the place of condemnation will they descend. And into the darkness of the deep will they all be removed by a violent death.

10:1 And in the third week of this jubilee the unclean demons began to lead astray †the children of† 3 the sons of Noaḥ; and to make to err and destroy them. 2. And the sons of Noaḥ came to Noaḥ their father, and they told him concerning the demons which were, leading astray and blinding and slaying his sons’ sons. 3. And he prayed before the Lord his Elohim, and said: Elohim of the spirits of all flesh, who hast shown mercy unto me, And hast saved me and my sons from the waters of the flood, And hast not caused me to perish as Thou didst the sons of perdition; For Thy grace hath been great towards me, And great hath been Thy mercy to my soul; Let Thy grace be lift up upon my sons, And let not wicked spirits rule over them Lest they should destroy them from the land. [paragraph continues] 4. But do Thou bless me and my sons, that we may increase and multiply and replenish the land. 5. And Thou knowest how Thy Watchers, the fathers of these spirits, acted in my day: and as for these spirits which are living, imprison them and hold them fast in the place of condemnation, and let them not bring destruction on the sons of thy servant, my Elohim; for these are malignant, and created in order to destroy. 6. And let them not rule over the spirits of the living; for Thou alone canst exercise dominion over them. And let them not have power over the sons of the righteous from henceforth and for evermore.” 7. And the Lord our Elohim bade us to bind all. 8. And the chief of the spirits, Mastema, came and said: “Lord, Creator, let some of them remain before me, and let them hearken to my voice, and do all that I will say unto them; for if some of them are not left to me, I will not be able to execute the power of my will on the sons of men; for these are for corruption and leading astray before my judgment, for great is the wickedness of the sons of men.” 9. And He said: “Let the tenth part of them remain before him, and let nine parts descend into the place of condemnation.” 10. And one of us He commanded that we should teach Noaḥ all their medicines; for He knew that they would not walk in uprightness, nor strive in righteousness. 11. And we did according to all His words: all the malignant evil ones we bound in the place of condemnation, and a tenth part of them we left that they might be subject before Satan on the land. 12. And we explained to Noaḥ all the medicines of their diseases, together with their seductions, how he might heal them with herbs of the land. 13. And Noaḥ wrote down all things in a book as we instructed him concerning every kind of medicine. Thus the evil spirits were precluded from (hurting) the sons of Noaḥ. 14. And he gave all that he had written to Shem, his eldest son; for he loved him exceedingly above all his sons.

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch) was written during the second century B.C. The older sections (mainly in the Book of the Watchers) of the text are estimated to date from about 300–200 B.C., and the latest part (Book of Parables) probably to 100 B.C. Various Aramaic fragments found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as Koine Greek and Latin fragments, were proof that The Book of Enoch was known by early Jews and Christians. 

You will note some abbreviations, brackets, and symbols specially used in the translation of 1 Enoch:

• ⌈ ⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus but not in the Ethiopic Version.
• ⌈⌈ ⌉⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in E the Ethiopic Version but not in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus or the Greek Version discovered at Akhmîm.
• 〉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are restored.
• [ ] The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are interpolations.
• ( ). The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are supplied by the editor.
• The use of thick type denotes that the words so printed are emended.
• † † corruption in the text.
• . . . = some words which have been lost.

1:1 The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed the elect ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ righteous, who will be living in the day of tribulation, when all the wicked ⌈⌈and godless⌉⌉ are to be removed. 2. And he took up his parable and said–Enoch a righteous man, whose eyes were opened by Elohim, saw the vision of the Holy One in the heavens, ⌈which⌉ the angels showed me, and from them I heard everything, and from them I understood as I saw, but not for this generation, but for a remote one which is for to come. 3. Concerning the elect I said, and took up my parable concerning them: The Holy Great One will come forth from His dwelling, 4. And the eternal Elohim will tread upon the land, (even) on Mount Sinai, ⌈And appear from His camp⌉ And appear in the strength of His might from the heavens of the heavens. 5. And all will be smitten with fear And the Watchers will quake, And great fear and trembling will seize them unto the ends of the land. 6. And the high mountains will be shaken, And the high hills will be made low, And will melt like wax before the flame 7. And the land will be ⌈wholly⌉ rent in sunder, And all that is upon the land will perish, And there will be a judgement upon all (men). 8. But with the righteous He will make peace. And will protect the elect, And mercy will be upon them. And they will all belong to Elohim, And they will be prospered, And they will ⌈all⌉ be blessed. ⌈And He will help them all⌉, And light will appear unto them, ⌈And He will make peace with them⌉. 9. And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of ⌈His⌉ holy ones To execute judgement upon all, And to destroy ⌈all⌉ the impious: And to convict all flesh Of all the works ⌈of their ungodliness⌉ which they have impious committed, And of all the hard things which impious sinners ⌈have spoken⌉ against Him.

12:1 Before these things Enoch was hidden, and no one of the children of men knew where he was hidden, and where he abode, and what had become of him. 2. And his activities had to do with the Watchers, and his days were with the holy ones. 3. And I, Enoch was blessing the Lord of majesty and the King of the ages, and lo! the Watchers called me–Enoch the scribe–and said to me: 4. ‘Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness, go, †declare† to the Watchers of the heavens who have left the high the heavens, the holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, and have done as the children of land do, and have taken unto themselves wives: “Ye have wrought great destruction on the land: 5. And ye will have no peace nor forgiveness of sin: and inasmuch as †they† delight themselves in †their† children, 6. The murder of †their† beloved ones will †they† see, and over the destruction of †their† children will †they† lament, and will make supplication unto eternity, but mercy and peace will ye not attain.”‘

6:1 And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters. 2. And the angels, the children of the heavens, saw and coveted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men and beget us children.’ 3. And Semjâzâ, who was their leader, said unto them: ‘I fear ye will not indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone will have to pay the penalty of a great sin.’ 4. And they all answered him and said: ‘Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.’ 5. Then sware they all together and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 6. And they were in all two hundred; who descended ⌈in the days⌉ of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 7. And these are the names of their leaders: Sêmîazâz, their leader, Arâkîba, Râmêêl, Kôkabîêl, Tâmîêl, Râmîêl, Dânêl, Êzêqêêl, Barâqîjâl, Asâêl, Armârôs, Batârêl, Anânêl, Zaqîêl, Samsâpêêl, Satarêl, Tûrêl, Jômjâêl, Sariêl. 8. These are their chiefs of tens. 7:1. And all the others together with them took unto themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in unto them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught them charms and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, and made them acquainted with plants. 2. And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants, whose height was three thousand ells: 3. Who consumed all the acquisitions of men. And when men could no longer sustain them, 4. the giants turned against them and devoured mankind. 5. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, and fish, and to devour one another’s flesh, and drink the blood. 6. Then the land laid accusation against the lawless ones.

8:1. And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals 〈of the land〉 and the art of working them, and bracelets, and ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the beautifying of the eyelids, and all kinds of costly stones, and all colouring tinctures. 2. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray, and became corrupt in all their ways. Semjâzâ taught enchantments, and root-cuttings, Armârôs the resolving of enchantments, Barâqîjâl, (taught) astrology, Kôkabêl the constellations, Ezêqêêl the knowledge of the clouds, 〈Araqiêl the signs of the land, Shamsiêl the signs of the sun〉, and Sariêl the course of the moon. And as men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to the heavens. 9:1. And then Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked down from the heavens and saw much blood being shed upon the land, and all lawlessness being wrought upon the land. 2. And they said one to another: ‘The land made †without inhabitant cries the voice of their crying† up to the gates of the heavens. 3 ⌈⌈And now to you, the holy ones of the heavens⌉⌉, the souls of men make their suit, saying, “Bring our cause before the Most High.”.’ 4. And they said to the Lord of the ages: ‘Lord of lords, Elohim of Elohim, King of kings, 〈and Elohim of the ages〉, the throne of Thy glory (standeth) unto all the generations of the ages, and Thy name holy and glorious and blessed unto all the ages! 5. Thou hast made all things, and power over all things hast Thou: and all things are naked and open in Thy sight, and Thou seest all things, and nothing can hide itself from Thee. 6. Thou seest what Azâzêl hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on land and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in the heavens, which men were striving to learn: 7. And Semjâzâ, to whom Thou hast given authority to bear rule over his associates. 8. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the land, and have slept with the women, and have defiled themselves, and revealed to them all kinds of sins. 9. And the women have borne giants, and the whole land has thereby been filled with blood and unrighteousness. 10. And now, behold, the souls of those who have died are crying and making their suit to the gates of the heavens, and their lamentations have ascended: and cannot cease because of the lawless deeds which are wrought on the land. 11. And Thou knowest all things before they come to pass, and Thou seest these things and Thou dost suffer them, and Thou dost not say to us what we are to do to them in regard to these.’

10:1 Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, and said to him: 2. ‘〈Go to Noaḥ〉 and tell him in my name “Hide thyself!” and reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole land will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come upon the whole land, and will destroy all that is on it. 3. And now instruct him that he may escape and his seed may be preserved for all the generations of the world.’ 4. And again the Lord said to Raphael: ‘Bind Azâzêl hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dûdâêl, and cast him therein. 5. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. 6. And on the day of the great judgement he will be cast into the fire. And heal the land which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the land, that they may heal the plague, and that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. 8. And the whole land has been corrupted through the works that were taught by Azâzêl: to him ascribe all sin.’ 9. And to Gabriel said the Lord: ‘Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle: for length of days will they not have. 10. And no request that they (i.e. their fathers) make of thee will be granted unto their fathers on their behalf; for they hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live five hundred years.’ 11. And the Lord said unto Michael: ‘Go, bind Semjâzâ and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. 12. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for seventy generations in the valleys of the land, till the day of their judgement and of their consummation, till the judgement that is for ever and ever is consummated. 13. In those days they will be led off to the abyss of fire: 〈and〉 to the torment and the prison in which they will be confined for ever. And whosoever will be condemned and destroyed will from thenceforth be bound together with them to the end of all generations. 15. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the children of the Watchers, because they have wronged mankind. Destroy all wrong from the face of the land and let every evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: ⌈and it will prove a blessing; the works of righteousness and truth⌉ will be planted in truth and joy for evermore. 17 And then will all the righteous escape, And will live till they beget thousands of children, And all the days of their youth and their old age Will they complete in peace. 18 And then will the whole land be tilled in righteousness, and will all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 19. And all desirable trees will be planted on it, and they will plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon will yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown thereon each measure (of it) will bear a thousand, and each measure of olives will yield ten presses of oil. 20. And cleanse thou the land from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: and all the uncleanness that is wrought upon the land destroy from off the land. 21. ⌈And all the children of men will become righteous⌉, and all nations will offer adoration and will praise Me, and all will worship Me. And the land will be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever.

14:1 The book of the words of righteousness, and of the reprimand of the eternal Watchers in accordance with the command of the Holy Great One in that vision. 2. I saw in my sleep what I will now say with a tongue of flesh and with the breath of my mouth: which the Great One has given to men to converse therewith and understand with the heart. 3. As He has created and given ⌈⌈to man the power of understanding the word of wisdom, so hath He created me also and given⌉⌉ me the power of reprimanding the Watchers, the children of the heavens. 4. I wrote out your petition, and in my vision it appeared thus, that your petition will not be granted unto you ⌈⌈throughout all the days of eternity, and that judgement has been finally passed upon you: yea (your petition) will not be granted unto you⌉⌉. 5. And from henceforth you will not ascend into the heavens unto all eternity, and ⌈in bonds⌉ of the land the decree has gone forth to bind you for all the days of the world. 6. And (that) previously you will have seen the destruction of your beloved sons and ye will have no pleasure in them, but they will fall before you by the sword. 7. And your petition on their behalf will not be granted, nor yet on your own: even though you weep and pray and speak all the words contained in the writing which I have written.

15:1 And He answered and said to me, and I heard His voice: ‘Fear not, Enoch, thou righteous man and scribe of righteousness: approach hither and hear my voice. 2. And go, say to ⌈⌈the Watchers of the heavens⌉⌉, who have sent thee to intercede ⌈⌈for them: “You should intercede”⌉⌉ for men, and not men for you: 3. Wherefore have ye left the high, holy, and eternal the heavens, and lain with women, and defiled yourselves with the daughters of men and taken to yourselves wives, and done like the children of land, and begotten giants (as your) sons? 4. And though ye were holy, spiritual, living the eternal life, you have defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and have begotten (children) with the blood of flesh, and, as the children of men, have coveted after flesh and blood as those ⌈also⌉ do who die and perish. 5. Therefore have I given them wives also that they might impregnate them, and beget children by them, that thus nothing might be wanting to them on land. 6. But you were ⌈formerly⌉ spiritual, living the eternal life, and immortal for all generations of the world. 7. And therefore I have not appointed wives for you; for as for the spiritual ones of the heavens, in the heavens is their dwelling. 8. And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and flesh, will be called evil spirits upon the land, and on the land will be their dwelling. 9. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they are born from men, ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ from the holy Watchers is their beginning and primal origin; ⌈they will be evil spirits on land, and⌉ evil spirits will they be called. [10. As for the spirits of the heavens, in the heavens will be their dwelling, but as for the spirits of the land which were born upon the land, on the land will be their dwelling.] 11. And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and work destruction on the land, and cause trouble: they take no food, ⌈but nevertheless hunger⌉ and thirst, and cause offences. And these spirits will rise up against the children of men and against the women, because they have proceeded ⌈from them⌉.

16:1 From the days of the slaughter and destruction and death ⌈of the giants⌉, from the souls of whose flesh the spirits, having gone forth, will destroy without incurring judgement–thus will they destroy until the day of the consummation, the great ⌈judgement⌉ in which the age will be consummated, over the Watchers and the godless, yea, will be wholly consummated.” 2. And now as to the Watchers who have sent thee to intercede for them, who had been ⌈⌈aforetime⌉⌉ in the heavens, (say to them): “You have been in the heavens, but ⌈all⌉ the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on land.” 4. Say to them therefore: “You have no peace.”‘

106:1. And after some days my son Methuselah took a woman for his son Lamech, and she became pregnant by him and bore a son. 2. And his body was white as snow and red as the blooming of a rose, and the hair of his head †and his long locks were white as wool, and his eyes beautiful†. And when he opened his eyes, he lighted up the whole house like the sun, and the whole house was very bright. 3. And thereupon he arose in the hands of the midwife, opened his mouth, and †conversed with† the Lord of righteousness. 4. And his father Lamech was afraid of him and fled, and came to his father Methuselah. 5. And he said unto him: ‘I have begotten a strange son, diverse from and unlike man, and resembling the sons of the Elohim of the heavens; and his nature is different and he is not like us, and his eyes are as the rays of the sun, and his countenance is glorious. 6. And it seems to me that he is not sprung from me but from the angels, and I fear that in his days a wonder may be wrought on the land. 7. And now, my father, I am here to petition thee and implore thee that thou mayest go to Enoch, our father, and learn from him the truth, for his dwelling-place is amongst the angels.’ 8. And when Methuselah heard the words of his son, he came to me to the ends of the land; for he had heard that I was there, and he cried aloud, and I heard his voice and I came to him. And 1 said unto him: ‘Behold, here am I, my son, wherefore hast thou come to me?’ 9. And he answered and said: ‘Because of a great cause of anxiety have I come to thee, and because of a disturbing vision have I approached. 10. And now, my father, hear me: unto Lamech my son there hath been born a son, the like of whom there is none, and his nature is not like man’s nature, and the colour of his body is whiter than snow and redder than the bloom of a rose, and the hair of his head is whiter than white wool, and his eyes are like the rays of the sun, and he opened his eyes and thereupon lighted up the whole house. 11. And he arose in the hands of the midwife, and opened his mouth and blessed the Lord of the heavens. 12. And his father Lamech became afraid and fled to me, and did not believe that he was sprung from him, but that he was in the likeness of the angels of the heavens; and behold I have come to thee that thou mayest make known to me the truth.’ 13. And I, Enoch, answered and said unto him: ‘The Lord will do a new thing on the land, and this I have already seen in a vision, and make known to thee that in the generation of my father Jared some of the angels of the heavens transgressed the word of the Lord. 14. And behold they commit sin and transgress the law, and have united themselves with women and commit sin with them, and have married some of them, and have begot children by them. 17. And they will produce on the land giants not according to the spirit, but according to the flesh, and there will be a great punishment on the land, and the land will be cleansed from all impurity. 15. Yea, there will come a great destruction over the whole land, and there will be a deluge and a great destruction for one year. 16. And this son who has been born unto you will be left on the land, and his three children will be saved with him: when all mankind that are on the land will die [he and his sons will be saved]. 18. And now make known to thy son Lamech that he who has been born is in truth his son, and call his name Noaḥ; for he will be left to you, and he and his sons will be saved from the destruction, which will come upon the land on account of all the sin and all the unrighteousness, which will be consummated on the land in his days. 19. And after that there will be still more unrighteousness than that which was first consummated on the land; for I know the mysteries of the holy ones; for He, the Lord, has showed me and informed me, and I have read (them) in the heavenly tablets.

Genesis 6:1-22 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)

Chapter 6 And it was when the sons of men began to multiply upon the face of the earth, and fair daughters were born to them; and the sons of the great saw that the daughters of men were beautiful, and painted, and curled, walking with revelation of the flesh, and with imaginations of wickedness; that they took them wives of all who pleased them. And the Lord said by His Word, All the generations of the wicked which are to arise shall not be purged after the order of the judgments of the generation of the deluge, which shall be destroyed and exterminated from the midst of the world. Have I not imparted My Holy Spirit to them, (or, placed My Holy Spirit in them,) that they may work good works? And, behold, their works are wicked. Behold, I will give them a prolongment of a hundred and twenty years, that they may work repentance, and not perish.

[JERUSALEM. And the Word of the Lord said, The generations which are to arise shall not be judged after (the manner of) the generation of the deluge, (which is) to be destroyed, and exterminated, and finally blotted out. Have I not imparted My Spirit to the sons of men, because they are flesh, that they may work good works? But they do works of evil. Behold, I have given them a prolongment of a hundred and twenty years, that they may work repentance; but they have not done it.]

Schamchazai and Uzziel, who fell from heaven, were on the earth in those days; and also, after the sons of the Great had gone in with the daughters of men, they bare to them: and these are they who are called men who are of the world, men of names.

And the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and all the imagery of the thought of his heart was only evil every day. And it repented the Lord in His Word that He had made man upon the earth; and He passed judgment upon them by His Word.

[JERUSALEM. And there was repentance before the Lord in His Word that He had made man upon the earth…And He said, and judged in His heart.]

And the Lord said, I will abolish by My Word man, whom I have created upon the face of the earth, from man to cattle, to the reptile, and to the fowl of the heavens; because I have repented in My Word that I have made them. But Noaḥ, who was righteous, found favour before the Lord.

[JERUSALEM. But Noaḥ, because he was righteous in his generation, found favour and mercy before the Lord.]

These are the genealogies of the race of Noaḥ. Noaḥ was a just man, complete in good works in his generation, (and) in the fear of the Lord walked Noaḥ. And Noaḥ begat three sons, Shem, Cham, and Japheth. And the land was corrupted through the inhabitants thereof, who had declined from the ways of righteousness before the Lord; and the land was filled with rapine. [JERUSALEM. And the land was filled with violences and frauds.] And the Lord beheld the land; and, lo, it was corrupt; for all flesh had every one corrupted his way upon the land. And the Lord said to Noaḥ, The end of all flesh cometh before Me, because the land is filled with rapine by their evil works; and, behold, I will destroy them with the land. Make thee an ark of the wood of cedars; a hundred and fifty cells shalt thou make to the ark in its left side, and thirty and six in its breadth; and ten cabins in the midst, to lay up in them provision; and five repositories on the right, and five on the left; and thou shalt protect it within and without a pitch. Go thou unto Phison, and take from thence a precious stone, and fix it in the ark to illuminate you: with the measure of a cubit (or span) shalt thou complete it above. And a door shalt thou set in the side of the ark; and with dwelling-places, inferior, second, and third, shalt thou make it. And I, behold, I bring a flood of waters upon the land to swallow up all flesh which hath in it the spirit of life from under the heavens: whatever is upon the land will be swept away. But I will establish my covenant with thee; and thou shalt go into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and the wives of thy sons with thee. And of all that liveth of all flesh, two of every (kind) will go into the ark, to be preserved alive with thee: male and female will they be. Of the fowl after its kind, and of all cattle after its kind, and of every reptile of the land after its kind, two of every (sort) will enter to thee by the hand of the angel, who will take and cause them to enter to thee, to be preserved. And thou, take to thee of all food that is eaten, and let it be to thee and to them for food. And Noaḥ did according to all that the Lord had instructed him.

Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 1.2.3 – 1.3.4 (T)

Josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 AD in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. In 62 AD he went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero’s wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem in 65 AD to find the country in revolt against Rome. Josephus shrewdly reinterpreted the Messianic prophecies. He predicted that Vespasian would become the ruler of the ‘entire world’. His prophecy became true in 68 AD when Nero committed suicide and Vespasian became Ceasar. As a result, Josephus was freed; he moved to Rome and became a Roman citizen, taking the Vespasian family name Flavius. Vespasian commissioned Josephus to write a history of the war, which he finished in 78 AD, the Jewish War. His second major work, the Antiquities of the Jews, was completed in 93 AD. The extant manuscripts of the book Antiquities of the Jews contain two references to Yeshua of Nazareth (18.3.3. and 20.9.1.) and one reference to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist (18.5.2.).

1.2.3. Now Adam, who was the first man, and made out of the earth, (for our discourse must now be about him,) after Abel was slain, and Cain fled away, on account of his murder, was solicitous for posterity, and had a vehement desire of children, he being two hundred and thirty years old; after which time he lived other seven hundred, and then died. He had indeed many other children, but Seth in particular. As for the rest, it would be tedious to name them; I will therefore only endeavor to give an account of those that proceeded from Seth. Now this Seth, when he was brought up, and came to those years in which he could discern what was good, became a virtuous man; and as he was himself of an excellent character, so did he leave children behind him who imitated his virtues. All these proved to be of good dispositions. They also inhabited the same country without dissensions, and in a happy condition, without any misfortunes falling upon them, till they died. They also were the inventors of that peculiar sort of wisdom which is concerned with the heavenly bodies, and their order. And that their inventions might not be lost before they were sufficiently known, upon Adam’s prediction that the world was to be destroyed at one time by the force of fire, and at another time by the violence and quantity of water, they made two pillars, the one of brick, the other of stone: they inscribed their discoveries on them both, that in case the pillar of brick should be destroyed by the flood, the pillar of stone might remain, and exhibit those discoveries to mankind; and also inform them that there was another pillar of brick erected by them. Now this remains in the land of Siriad to this day.

1.3.1. Now this posterity of Seth continued to esteem Elohim as the Lord of the universe, and to have an entire regard to virtue, for seven generations; but in process of time they were perverted, and forsook the practices of their forefathers; and did neither pay those honors to Elohim which were appointed them, nor had they any concern to do justice towards men. But for what degree of zeal they had formerly shown for virtue, they now showed by their actions a double degree of wickedness, whereby they made Elohim to be their enemy. For many angels of Elohim accompanied with women, and begat sons that proved unjust, and despisers of all that was good, on account of the confidence they had in their own strength; for the tradition is, that these men did what resembled the acts of those whom the Grecians call giants. But Noaḥ was very uneasy at what they did; and being displeased at their conduct, persuaded them to change their dispositions and their acts for the better: but seeing they did not yield to him, but were slaves to their wicked pleasures, he was afraid they would kill him, together with his wife and children, and those they had married; so he departed out of that land.

1.3.2. Now Elohim loved this man for his righteousness: yet he not only condemned those other men for their wickedness, but determined to destroy the whole race of mankind, and to make another race that should be pure from wickedness; and cutting short their lives, and making their years not so many as they formerly lived, but one hundred and twenty only, he turned the dry land into sea; and thus were all these men destroyed: but Noaḥ alone was saved; for Elohim suggested to him the following contrivance and way of escape : – That he should make an ark of four stories high, three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits broad, and thirty cubits high. Accordingly he entered into that ark, and his wife, and sons, and their wives, and put into it not only other provisions, to support their wants there, but also sent in with the rest all sorts of living creatures, the male and his female, for the preservation of their kinds; and others of them by sevens. Now this ark had firm walls, and a roof, and was braced with cross beams, so that it could not be any way drowned or overborne by the violence of the water. And thus was Noaḥ, with his family, preserved. Now he was the tenth from Adam, as being the son of Lamech, whose father was Mathusela; he was the son of Enoch, the son of Jared; and Jared was the son of Malaleel, who, with many of his sisters, were the children of Cainan, the son of Enos. Now Enos was the son of Seth, the son of Adam.

1.3.3. This calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noaḥ’s government, [age,] in the second new moon, called by the Macedonians Dius, but by the Hebrews Marchesuan: for so did they order their year in Egypt. But Moses appointed that ú Nisan, which is the same with Xanthicus, should be the first new moon for their festivals, because he brought them out of Egypt in that new moon: so that this new moon began the year as to all the solemnities they observed to the honor of Elohim, although he preserved the original order of the new moons as to selling and buying, and other ordinary affairs. Now he says that this flood began on the twenty-seventh [seventeenth] day of the forementioned new moon; and this was two thousand six hundred and fifty-six [one thousand six hundred and fifty-six] years from Adam, the first man; and the time is written down in our sacred books, those who then lived having noted down, with great accuracy, both the births and deaths of illustrious men.

1.3.4. For indeed Seth was born when Adam was in his two hundred and thirtieth year, who lived nine hundred and thirty years. Seth begat Enos in his two hundred and fifth year; who, when he had lived nine hundred and twelve years, delivered the government to Cainan his son, whom he had in his hundred and ninetieth year. He lived nine hundred and five years. Cainan, when he had lived nine hundred and ten years, had his son Malaleel, who was born in his hundred and seventieth year. This Malaleel, having lived eight hundred and ninety-five years, died, leaving his son Jared, whom he begat when he was in his hundred and sixty-fifth year. He lived nine hundred and sixty-two years; and then his son Enoch succeeded him, who was born when his father was one hundred and sixty-two years old. Now he, when he had lived three hundred and sixty-five years, departed and went to Elohim; whence it is that they have not written down his death. Now Mathusela, the son of Enoch, who was born to him when he was one hundred and sixty-five years old, had Lamech for his son when he was one hundred and eighty-seven years of age; to whom he delivered the government, when he had retained it nine hundred and sixty-nine years. Now Lamech, when he had governed seven hundred and seventy-seven years, appointed Noaḥ, his son, to be ruler of the people, who was born to Lamech when he was one hundred and eighty-two years old, and retained the government nine hundred and fifty years. These years collected together make up the sum before set down. But let no one inquire into the deaths of these men; for they extended their lives along together with their children and grandchildren; but let him have regard to their births only.