• Torah (T): Bereshiyt (Genesis) 7:1-24
• Prophets (P): Ezekiel 14:12-23
• Apostolic (A): Matthew 24:23-44
• Additional (ADD): Jubilees 5:19-20

RELATED SCRIPTURES

• Isaiah 54:9-10 (T)
• Isaiah 55:6-11 (T)
• Ezekiel 14:12-23 (T)
• Matthew 24:37-38 (T)
• Luke 17:26-27 (T)
• Hebrews 11:6-7 (T)
• 2 Peter 2:1-14 (T)
• Leviticus 11:1-47 (T)
• Proverbs 8:27-31 (T)
• Psalms 104:1-10 (T)
• Psalms 148:1-6 (T)

RELATED ADDITIONAL REA.D.INGS

• Enoch and the Watchers 4Q227 (T)
• Enoch 10:1-21 (T)
• Enoch 19:1-3 (T)
• Enoch 64:1-2 (T)
• Enoch 65:1-12 (T)
• Enoch 66:1-3 (T)
• Enoch 67:1-5 (T)
• An Exorcism 4Q560 (T)
• Fragment of the Book of Noaḥ from Enoch 106:1-19 (T)
• The Book of the Giants 4Q203, 1Q23, 2Q26, 4Q530-532, 6Q8 (T)
• Judith 16:6-7 (T)
• Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 (T)
• Sirach 16:6-9 (T)
• Baruch 3:24-28 (T)
• 3 Maccabees 2:1-5 (T)
• Genesis 7:1-24 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)
• Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 1.3.2-6 (T)

Note: (T) means the verse relates to that week’s Torah portion. (P) means the verse relates to that week’s Prophets portion. (A) means the verse relates to that week’s Apostolic portion. (ADD) means the verse relates to that week’s Additional portion.

Torah Portion (T)

7:1 [Elohim]^(LXX) said to Noaḥ, “Come with all of your household into the ark, for I have seen your righteousness before me in this generation. 2 You shall take seven pairs of every clean animal with you, the male and his female. Of the animals that are not clean, take two, the male and his female. 3 Also of the [clean]^(LXX)(SP) birds of the heavens, seven and seven, male and female, [and of all the unclean birds, one pair, a male and a female,]^(LXX) to keep seed alive on the face of all the land. 4 In seven days, I will cause it to rain on the land for forty days and forty nights. I will destroy every living thing that I have made from the face of the ground.” 5 Noaḥ did everything that [Elohim]^(LXX) commanded him. 6 Noaḥ was six hundred years old when the flood of waters came on the land. 7 Noaḥ went into the ark with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives, because of the floodwaters. 8 Clean animals, unclean animals, birds, and [of]^(LXX) everything that creeps on the ground 9 went by pairs to Noaḥ into the ark, male and female, as Elohim commanded Noaḥ. 10 After the seven days, the floodwaters came on the land. 11 In the six hundredth year of Noaḥ’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the heaven’s windows opened. 12 It rained on the land forty days and forty nights. 13 In the same day Noaḥ, and Shem, Ham, and Japheth—the sons of Noaḥ—and Noaḥ’s wife and the three wives of his sons with [him],^(LXX) entered into the ark— 14 they, and every animal after its kind, all the livestock after their kind, every creeping thing that creeps on the land after its kind, and every bird after its kind, every bird of every sort. 15 Pairs from all flesh with the breath of life in them went into the ark to Noaḥ. 16 Those who went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as Elohim commanded him; then [Elohim]^(LXX) shut him in. 17 The flood was forty days [and forty nights]^(LXX) on the land. The waters increased, and lifted up the ark, and it was lifted up above the land. 18 The waters rose, and increased greatly on the land; and the ark floated on the face of the waters. 19 The waters rose very high on the land. All the high mountains that were under the whole heavens were covered. 20 The waters rose and covered the [highest]^(LXX) mountains to a depth or more than 15 cubits. 21 All flesh died that moved on the land, including birds, livestock, animals, every creeping thing that creeps on the land, and every man. 22 All on the dry land, in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, died. 23 Every living thing was destroyed that was on the face of the ground, including man, livestock, creeping things, and birds of the heavens. They were destroyed from the land. Only Noaḥ was left, and those who were with him in the ark. 24 The waters flooded the land one hundred fifty days.

Prophets Portion (P)

14:12 The word of YHWH came to me, saying, 13 “Son of man, when a land sins against me by committing a trespass, and I stretch out my hand on it, and break the staff of its bread and send famine on it, and cut off from it man and animal— 14 though these three men, Noaḥ, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would deliver only their own souls by their righteousness,” says YHWH. 15 “If I cause evil animals to pass through the land, and they ravage it and it is made desolate, so that no man may pass through because of the animals— 16 though these three men were in it, as I live,” says the Lord YHWH, “they would deliver neither sons nor daughters. They only would be delivered, but the land would be desolate. 17 “Or if I bring a sword on that land, and say, ‘Sword, go through the land, so that I cut off from it man and animal’— 18 though these three men were in it, as I live,” says the Lord YHWH, “they would deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only would be delivered themselves. 19 “Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my wrath on it in blood, to cut off from it man and animal— 20 though Noaḥ, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live,” says the YHWH, “they would deliver neither son nor daughter; they would deliver only their own souls by their righteousness.” 21 For YHWH says: “How much more when I send my four evil judgments on Jerusalem—the sword, the famine, the evil animals, and the pestilence—to cut off from it man and animal! 22 Yet, behold, there will be left a remnant in it that will be carried out, both sons and daughters. Behold, they will come out to you, and you will see their way and their doings. Then you will be comforted concerning the evil that I have brought on Jerusalem, even concerning all that I have brought on it. 23 They will comfort you, when you see their way and their doings; then you will know that I have not done all that I have done in it without cause,” says YHWH.

Apostolic Portion (A)

23:23 “Then if any man tells you, ‘Behold, here is the Messiah!’ or, ‘There!’ don’t believe it. 24 For false messiahs and false prophets will arise, and they will show great signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the chosen ones. 25 “Behold, I have told you beforehand. 26 “If therefore they tell you, ‘Behold, he is in the wilderness,’ don’t go out; or ‘Behold, he is in the inner rooms,’ don’t believe it. 27 For as the lightning flashes from the east, and is seen even to the west, so will the coming of the Son of Man be. 28 Wherever the carcass is, that is where the vultures gather together. 29 “But immediately after the suffering of those days, the sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, the stars will fall from the heavens, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken; (cf. Isaiah 13:10; Isaiah 34:4; Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10) 30 and then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the heavens. Then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the Son of Man coming on the clouds of the heavens with power and great glory (cf. Daniel 7:13). 31 He will send out his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they will gather together his chosen ones from the four winds, from one end of the heavens to the other. 32 “Now from the fig tree learn this parable: When its branch has now become tender and produces its leaves, you know that the summer is near. 33 Even so you also, when you see all these things, know that he is near, even at the doors. 34 Most certainly I tell you, this generation will not pass away until all these things are accomplished. 35 Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away. 36 “But no one knows of that day and hour, not even the angels of heaven, [nor the Son,]^(mss) but my Father only. 37 As the days of Noaḥ were, so will the coming of the Son of Man be. 38 For as in [those]^(mss) days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noaḥ entered into the ark, 39 and they didn’t know until the flood came and took them all away, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. 40 Then two men will be in the field: one will be taken and one will be left. 41 Two women will be grinding at the mill: one will be taken and one will be left. 42 Watch therefore, for you don’t know in what [day]^(mss) your Lord comes. 43 But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what watch of the night the thief was coming, he would have watched, and would not have allowed his house to be broken into. 44 Therefore also be ready, for in an hour that you don’t expect, the Son of Man will come.

Additional Portion (ADD)

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

5:19 And as for all those who corrupted their ways and their thoughts before the flood, no man’s person was accepted save that of Noaḥ alone; for his person was accepted in behalf of his sons, whom Elohim saved from the waters of the flood on his account; for his heart was righteous in all his ways, according as it was commanded regarding him, and he had not departed from aught that was ordained for him. 20. And the Lord said that He would destroy everything which was upon the land, both men and cattle, and beasts, and fowls of the air, and that which moveth on the land.

Related Scriptures

Isaiah 54:9-10 (T)

54:9 “For this is like the waters of Noaḥ to me; for as I have sworn that the waters of Noaḥ will no more go over the land, so I have sworn that I will not be angry with you, nor rebuke you. 10 For the mountains may depart, and the hills be removed; but my loving kindness will not depart from you, and my covenant of peace will not be removed,” says YHWH who has mercy on you.

Isaiah 55:6-11 (T)

55:6 Seek YHWH while he may be found. Call on him while he is near. 7 Let the wicked forsake his way, and the unrighteous man his thoughts. Let him return to YHWH, and he will have mercy on him, to our Elohim, for he will freely pardon. 8 “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, and your ways are not my ways,” says YHWH. 9 “For as the heavens are higher than the land, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. 10 For as the rain comes down and the snow from the heavens, and doesn’t return there, but waters the land, and makes it grow and bud, and gives seed to the sower and bread to the eater; 11 so is my word that goes out of my mouth: it will not return to me void, but it will accomplish that which I please, and it will prosper in the thing I sent it to do.

Matthew 24:37-39 (T)

24:37 As the days of Noaḥ were, so will the coming of the Son of Man be. 38 For as in those days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noaḥ entered into the ark, 39 and they didn’t know until the flood came and took them all away, so will the coming of the Son of Man be.

Luke 17:26-30 (T)

17:26 As it was in the days of Noaḥ, even so it will also be in the days of the Son of Man. 27 They ate, they drank, they married, and they were given in marriage until the day that Noaḥ entered into the ark, and the flood came and destroyed them all. 28 Likewise, even as it was in the days of Lot: they ate, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they built; 29 but in the day that Lot went out from Sodom, it rained fire and sulfur from the heavens and destroyed them all. 30 It will be the same way in the day that the Son of Man is revealed.

Hebrews 11:6-7 (T)

11:6 Without faith it is impossible to be well pleasing to him, for he who comes to Elohim must believe that he exists, and that he is a rewarder of those who seek him. 7 In faith, Noaḥ, being warned about things not yet seen, moved with pious fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his house, through which he condemned the world, and became heir of the righteousness which is according to faith.

2 Peter 2:1-14 (T)

2:1 But false prophets also arose among the people, as false teachers will also be among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, denying even the Master who bought them, bringing on themselves swift destruction. 2 Many will follow their immoral ways, and as a result, the way of the truth will be maligned. 3 In covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words: whose sentence now from of old doesn’t linger, and their destruction will not slumber. 4 For if Elohim didn’t spare angels when they sinned, but cast them down to Tartaros, and committed them to pits of darkness to be reserved for judgment; 5 and didn’t spare the ancient world, but preserved Noaḥ with seven others, a proclaimer of righteousness, when he brought a flood on the world of the impious, 6 and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes, condemned them to destruction, having made them an example to those who would live in an impious way, 7 and delivered righteous Lot, who was very distressed by the lustful life of the wicked 8 (for that righteous man dwelling among them was tormented in his righteous soul from day to day with seeing and hearing lawless deeds), 9 then the Lord knows how to deliver the pious out of temptation and to keep the unrighteous under punishment for the day of judgment, 10 but chiefly those who walk after the flesh in the lust of defilement and despise authority. Daring, self-willed, they are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries, 11 whereas angels, though greater in might and power, don’t bring a slanderous judgment against them before the Lord. 12 But these, as unreasoning creatures, born natural animals to be taken and destroyed, speaking evil in matters about which they are ignorant, will in their destroying surely be destroyed, 13 receiving the wages of unrighteousness; people who count it pleasure to revel in the daytime, spots and defects, reveling in their deceit while they feast with you; 14 having eyes full of adultery, and who can’t cease from sin, enticing unsettled souls, having a heart trained in greed, accursed children!

Leviticus 11:1-47 (T)

11:1 YHWH spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying to them, 2 “Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the land. 3 Whatever parts the hoof, and is cloven-footed, and chews the cud among the animals, that you may eat. 4 Nevertheless these you shall not eat of those that chew the cud, or of those who part the hoof: the camel, because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you. 5 The hyrax, because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you. 6 The hare, because it chews the cud but doesn’t have a parted hoof, is unclean to you. 7 The pig, because it has a split hoof, and is cloven-footed, but doesn’t chew the cud, is unclean to you. 8 You shall not eat their flesh. You shall not touch their carcasses. They are unclean to you. 9 You may eat of all these that are in the waters: whatever has fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, that you may eat. 10 All that don’t have fins and scales in the seas and rivers, all that move in the waters, and all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are an abomination to you, 11 and you shall detest them. You shall not eat of their flesh, and you shall detest their carcasses. 12 Whatever has no fins nor scales in the waters is an abomination to you. 13 You shall detest these among the birds; they shall not be eaten because they are an abomination: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture, 14 the red kite, any kind of black kite, 15 any kind of raven, 16 the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk, 17 the little owl, the cormorant, the great owl, 18 the white owl, the desert owl, the osprey, 19 the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat. 20 All flying insects that walk on all fours are an abomination to you. 21 Yet you may eat these: of all winged creeping things that go on all fours, which have long, jointed legs for hopping on the land. 22 Even of these you may eat: any kind of locust, any kind of katydid, any kind of cricket, and any kind of grasshopper. 23 But all winged creeping things which have four feet are an abomination to you. 24 By these you will become unclean: whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until the evening. 25 Whoever carries any part of their carcass shall wash his clothes [and wash himself in water]^(DSS), and be unclean until the evening. 26 Every animal which parts the hoof and is not cloven-footed or doesn’t chew the cud, is unclean to you. Everyone who touches them shall be unclean. 27 Whatever goes on its paws [or, belly]^(DSS), among all animals that go on all fours, they are unclean to you. Whoever touches their carcass shall be unclean until the evening. 28 He who carries their carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. They are unclean to you. 29 These are they which are unclean to you among the creeping things that creep on the land: the weasel, the rat, any kind of great lizard, 30 the gecko, and the monitor lizard, the wall lizard, the skink, and the chameleon. 31 These are they which are unclean to you among all that creep. Whoever touches them when they are dead shall be unclean until the evening. 32 Anything they fall on when they are dead shall be unclean; whether it is any vessel of wood, or clothing, or skin, or sack, whatever vessel it is, with which any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the evening. Then it will be clean. 33 Every vessel of clay into which any of them falls and all that is in it shall be unclean. You shall break it. 34 All food which may be eaten which is soaked in water shall be unclean. All drink that may be drunk in every such vessel shall be unclean. 35 Everything whereupon part of their carcass falls shall be unclean; whether oven, or range for pots, it shall be broken in pieces. They are unclean, and shall be unclean to you. 36 Nevertheless a spring or a cistern in which water is gathered shall be clean, but that which touches their carcass shall be unclean. 37 If part of their carcass falls on any sowing seed which is to be sown, it is clean. 38 But if water is put on the seed, and part of their carcass falls on it, it is unclean to you. 39 If any animal of which you may eat dies, he who touches its carcass shall be unclean until the evening. 40 He who eats of its carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. He also who carries its carcass shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the evening. 41 Every creeping thing that treads on the land is an abomination. It shall not be eaten. 42 Whatever goes on its belly, and whatever goes on all fours, or whatever has many feet, even all creeping things that creep on the land, them you shall not eat; for they are an abomination. 43 You shall not make your souls abominable with any creeping thing that treads. You shall not make yourselves unclean with them, that you should be defiled by them. 44 For I am YHWH your Elohim. Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy; for I am holy. You shall not defile your souls with any kind of creeping thing that moves on the land. 45 For I am YHWH who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your Elohim. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. 46 This is the Torah of the animal, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that treads on the land, 47 to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten.’ ”

Proverbs 8:27-31 (T)

8:27 When he established the heavens, I was there. When he set a circle on the surface of the deep, 28 when he established the clouds above, when the springs of the deep became strong, 29 when he gave to the sea its boundary, that the waters should not violate his commandment, when he marked out the foundations of the land, 30 then I was the craftsman by his side. I was a delight day by day, always rejoicing before him, 31 rejoicing in his whole world. My delight was with the sons of men.

Psalms 104:1-10 (T)

104:1 Bless YHWH, my soul. YHWH, my Elohim, you are very great. You are clothed with honor and majesty. 2 He covers himself with light as with a garment. He stretches out the heavens like a curtain. 3 He lays the beams of his rooms in the waters. He makes the clouds his chariot. He walks on the wings of the wind. 4 He makes his angels winds, and his servants flames of fire (cf. Hebrews 1:7). 5 He laid the foundations of the land, that it should not be moved forever. 6 You covered it with the deep as with a cloak. The waters stood above the mountains. 7 At your rebuke they fled. At the voice of your thunder they hurried away. 8 The mountains rose, the valleys sank down, to the place which you had assigned to them. 9 You have set a boundary that they may not pass over, that they don’t turn again to cover the land. 10 He sends springs into the valleys. They run among the mountains.

Psalms 148:1-6 (T)

148:1 Halleluyah! Praise YHWH from the heavens! Praise him in the heights! 2 Praise him, all his angels! Praise him, all his army! 3 Praise him, sun and moon! Praise him, all you shining stars! 4 Praise him, you the heavens of the heavens, you waters that are above the heavens. 5 Let them praise YHWH’s name, for he commanded, and they were created. 6 He has also established them forever and ever. He has made a decree which will not pass away.

Related Additional Readings

Enoch and the Watchers 4Q227 (T)

Fragment 2 […E]noch, after we taught him [… he was with the angels of God] six full jubilees the land, into the midst of the sons of man and he witnessed against them all […] and also against the watchers. And he wrote all[…] heaven and the ways of their hosts and [ho]ly ones “[… so that the righteous ones] shall not commit error […]

The Book of Enoch (also known as 1 Enoch) was written during the second century B.C.. The older sections (mainly in the Book of the Watchers) of the text are estimated to date from about 300–200 B.C., and the latest part (Book of Parables) probably to 100 B.C.. Various Aramaic fragments found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as Koine Greek and Latin fragments, were proof that The Book of Enoch was known by early Jews and Christians.

You will note some abbreviations, brackets, and symbols specially used in the translation of 1 Enoch:

• ⌈ ⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus but not in the Ethiopic Version.
• ⌈⌈ ⌉⌉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are found in E the Ethiopic Version but not in the Greek Version preserved In Syncellus or the Greek Version discovered at Akhmîm.
• 〉. The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are restored.
• [ ] The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are interpolations.
• ( ). The use of these brackets means that the words so enclosed are supplied by the editor.
• The use of thick type denotes that the words so printed are emended.
• † † corruption in the text.
• . . . = some words which have been lost.

Enoch 10:1-21 (T)

10:1. Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, and said to him: 2. ‘〈Go to Noaḥ〉 and tell him in my name “Hide thyself!” and reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole land will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come upon the whole land, and will destroy all that is on it. 3. And now instruct him that he may escape and his seed may be preserved for all the generations of the world.’ 4. And again the Lord said to Raphael: ‘Bind Azâzêl hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dûdâêl, and cast him therein. 5. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. 6. And on the day of the great judgement he shall be cast into the fire. And heal the land which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the land, that they may heal the plague, and that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. 8. And the whole land has been corrupted through the works that were taught by Azâzêl: to him ascribe all sin.’ 9. And to Gabriel said the Lord: ‘Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle: for length of days shall they not have. 10. And no request that they (i.e. their fathers) make of thee shall be granted unto their fathers on their behalf; for they hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live five hundred years.’ 11. And the Lord said unto Michael: ‘Go, bind Semjâzâ and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. 12. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for seventy generations in the valleys of the land, till the day of their judgement and of their consummation, till the judgement that is for ever and ever is consummated. 13. In those days they shall be led off to the abyss of fire: 〈and〉 to the torment and the prison in which they shall be confined for ever. And whosoever shall be condemned and destroyed will from thenceforth be bound together with them to the end of all generations. 15. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the children of the Watchers, because they have wronged mankind. Destroy all wrong from the face of the land and let every evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: ⌈and it shall prove a blessing; the works of righteousness and truth⌉ shall be planted in truth and joy for evermore. 17 And then shall all the righteous escape, And shall live till they beget thousands of children, And all the days of their youth and their old age Shall they complete in peace. 18 And then shall the whole land be tilled in righteousness, and shall all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 19. And all desirable trees shall be planted on it, and they shall plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon shall yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown thereon each measure (of it) shall bear a thousand, and each measure of olives shall yield ten presses of oil. 20. And cleanse thou the land from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: and all the uncleanness that is wrought upon the land destroy from off the land. 21. ⌈And all the children of men shall become righteous⌉, and all nations shall offer adoration and shall praise Me, and all shall worship Me. And the land shall be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever.

Enoch 19:1-3 (T)

19:1 And Uriel said to me: ‘Here shall stand the angels who have connected themselves with women, and their spirits assuming many different forms are defiling mankind and shall lead them astray into slaughtering to demons ⌈⌈as elohim⌉⌉, (here shall they stand,) till ⌈⌈the day of⌉⌉ the great judgement in which they shall be judged till they are made an end of. 2. And the women also of the angels who went astray shall become sirens.’ 3. And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: and no man shall see as I have seen.

Enoch 64:1-2 (T)

64:1. And other forms I saw hidden in that place. 2. I heard the voice of the angel saying: ‘These are the angels who descended to the land, and revealed what was hidden to the children of men and seduced the children of men into committing sin.’

Enoch 65:1-12 (T)

65:1. And in those days Noaḥ saw the land that it had sunk down and its destruction was nigh. 2. And he arose from thence and went to the ends of the land, and cried aloud to his grandfather Enoch: and Noaḥ said three times with an embittered voice: Hear me, hear me, hear me.’ 3. And I said unto him: ‘Tell me what it is that is falling out on the land that the land is in such evil plight and shaken, lest perchance I shall perish with it?’ 4. And thereupon there was a great commotion, on the land, and a voice was heard from the heavens, and I fell on my face. 5. And Enoch my grandfather came and stood by me, and said unto me: ‘Why hast thou cried unto me with a bitter cry and weeping? 6. And a command has gone forth from the face of the Lord concerning those who dwell on the land that their ruin is accomplished because they have learnt all the secrets of the angels, and all the violence of the Satans, and all their powers–the most secret ones–and all the power of those who practice sorcery, and the power of witchcraft, and the power of those who make molten images for the whole land: 7. And how silver is produced from the dust of the land, and how soft metal originates in the land. 8. For lead and tin are not produced from the land like the first: it is a fountain that produces them, and an angel stands therein, and that angel is pre-eminent.’ 9. And after that my grandfather Enoch took hold of me by my hand and raised me up, and said unto me: ‘Go, for I have asked the Lord of Spirits as touching this commotion on the land. 10. And He said unto me: “Because of their unrighteousness their judgement has been determined upon and shall not be withheld by Me for ever. Because of the sorceries which they have searched out and learnt, the land and those who dwell upon it shall be destroyed.” 11. And these–they have no place of repentance for ever, because they have shown them what was hidden, and they are the damned: but as for thee, my son, the Lord of Spirits knows that thou art pure, and guiltless of this reproach concerning the secrets. 12. And He has destined thy name to be among the holy, And will preserve thee amongst those who dwell on the land, And has destined thy righteous seed both for kingship and for great honours, And from thy seed shall proceed a fountain of the righteous and holy without number for ever.

Enoch 66:1-3 (T)

66:1. And after that he showed me the angels of punishment who are prepared to come and let loose all the powers of the waters which are beneath in the land in order to bring judgement and destruction on all who [abide and] dwell on the land. 2. And the Lord of Spirits gave commandment to the angels who were going forth, that they should not cause the waters to rise but should hold them in check; for those angels were over the powers of the waters. 3. And I went away from the face of Enoch.

Enoch 67:1-5 (T)

67:1. And in those days the word of Elohim came unto me, and He said unto me: ‘Noaḥ, thy lot has come up before Me, a lot without blame, a lot of love and uprightness. 2. And now the angels are making a wooden (building), and when they have completed that task I will place My hand upon it and preserve it, and there shall come forth from it the seed of life, and a change shall set in so that the land will not remain without inhabitant. 3. And I will make fast thy seed before me for ever and ever, and I will spread abroad those who dwell with thee: it shall not be unfruitful on the face of the land, but it shall be blessed and multiply on the land in the name of the Lord.’ 4. And He will imprison those angels, who have shown unrighteousness, in that burning valley which my grandfather Enoch had formerly shown to me in the west among the mountains of gold and silver and iron and soft metal and tin. 5. And I saw that valley in which there was a great convulsion and a convulsion of the waters.

106:1. And after some days my son Methuselah took a wife for his son Lamech, and she became pregnant by him and bore a son. 2. And his body was white as snow and red as the blooming of a rose, and the hair of his head †and his long locks were white as wool, and his eyes beautiful†. And when he opened his eyes, he lighted up the whole house like the sun, and the whole house was very bright. 3. And thereupon he arose in the hands of the midwife, opened his mouth, and †conversed with† the Lord of righteousness. 4. And his father Lamech was afraid of him and fled, and came to his father Methuselah. 5. And he said unto him: ‘I have begotten a strange son, diverse from and unlike man, and resembling the sons of the Elohim of the heavens; and his nature is different and he is not like us, and his eyes are as the rays of the sun, and his countenance is glorious. 6. And it seems to me that he is not sprung from me but from the angels, and I fear that in his days a wonder may be wrought on the land. 7. And now, my father, I am here to petition thee and implore thee that thou mayest go to Enoch, our father, and learn from him the truth, for his dwelling-place is amongst the angels.’ 8. And when Methuselah heard the words of his son, he came to me to the ends of the land; for he had heard that I was there, and he cried aloud, and I heard his voice and I came to him. And 1 said unto him: ‘Behold, here am I, my son, wherefore hast thou come to me?’ 9. And he answered and said: ‘Because of a great cause of anxiety have I come to thee, and because of a disturbing vision have I approached. 10. And now, my father, hear me: unto Lamech my son there hath been born a son, the like of whom there is none, and his nature is not like man’s nature, and the colour of his body is whiter than snow and redder than the bloom of a rose, and the hair of his head is whiter than white wool, and his eyes are like the rays of the sun, and he opened his eyes and thereupon lighted up the whole house. 11. And he arose in the hands of the midwife, and opened his mouth and blessed the Lord of the heavens. 12. And his father Lamech became afraid and fled to me, and did not believe that he was sprung from him, but that he was in the likeness of the angels of the heavens; and behold I have come to thee that thou mayest make known to me the truth.’ 13. And I, Enoch, answered and said unto him: ‘The Lord will do a new thing on the land, and this I have already seen in a vision, and make known to thee that in the generation of my father Jared some of the angels of the heavens transgressed the word of the Lord. 14. And behold they commit sin and transgress the law, and have united themselves with women and commit sin with them, and have married some of them, and have begot children by them. 17. And they shall produce on the land giants not according to the spirit, but according to the flesh, and there shall be a great punishment on the land, and the land shall be cleansed from all impurity. 15. Yea, there shall come a great destruction over the whole land, and there shall be a deluge and a great destruction for one year. 16. And this son who has been born unto you shall be left on the land, and his three children shall be saved with him: when all mankind that are on the land shall die [he and his sons shall be saved]. 18. And now make known to thy son Lamech that he who has been born is in truth his son, and call his name Noaḥ; for he shall be left to you, and he and his sons shall be saved from the destruction, which shall come upon the land on account of all the sin and all the unrighteousness, which shall be consummated on the land in his days. 19. And after that there shall be still more unrighteousness than that which was first consummated on the land; for I know the mysteries of the holy ones; for He, the Lord, has showed me and informed me, and I have read (them) in the heavenly tablets.

The Book of the Giants 4Q203, 1Q23, 2Q26, 4Q530-532, 6Q8 (T)

A summary statement of the descent of the wicked angels, bringing both knowledge and havoc. Compare Genesis 6:1-2, 4.

1Q23 Frag. 9 + 14 + 15 ²[…] they knew the secrets of […] [… si]n was great in the earth […] […] and they killed many […] [… they begat] giants […]

The angels exploit the fruitfulness of the earth.

4Q531 Frag. 3 ¹²[… everything that the] earth produced […] […] the great fish […] […] the sky with all that grew […] [… fruit of] the earth and all kinds of grain and all the trees […] […] beasts and rep- tiles… [al]l creeping things of the earth and they observed all […] 18[… every harsh deed and […] utterance […] […] male and female, and among humans […]

The two hundred angels choose animals on which to perform unnatural acts, including, presumably, humans.

1Q23 Frag. 1 + 6 [… two hundred] donkeys, two hundred asses, two hundred. . rams of the] flock, two hundred goats, two hundred [… beast of the] ‘field from every animal, from every [bird…] […] for miscegena- tion […]

The outcome of the demonic corruption was violence, perversion, and a brood of monstrous beings. Compare Genesis 6:4.

4Q531 Frag. 2 […] they defiled […] [… they begot] giants and monsters […] […] they begot, and, behold, all [the earth was corrupted…] […] with its blood and by the hand of […] [giants] which did not suffice for them and […] […] and they were seeking to devour many […] […] […] the monsters attacked it.

4Q532 Col. 2 Frags. 1-6 ²[…] flesh […] all[…] monsters […] will be […] […] they would arise […] lacking in true knowledge […] because […] […] the earth [grew corrupt…] mighty […] […] they were considering […] […] from the angels upon […] *[…] in the end it will perish and die […] […] they caused great corruption in the [earth…] [… this did not] suffice to […] “they will be […]

The giants begin to be troubled by a series of dreams and visions. Mahway, the titan son of the angel Barakel, reports the first of these dreams to his fellow giants. He sees a tablet being immersed in water. When it emerges, all but three names have been washed away. The dream evidently symbolizes the destruction of all but Noaḥ and his sons by the Flood.

2Q26[…] they drenched the tablet in the waſter…] […] the waters went up over the [tablet…] […] they lifted out the tablet from the water of […]

The giant goes to the others and they discuss the dream.

4Q530 Frag. 7 ‘[… this vision] is for cursing and sorrow. I am the one who confessed ²[…] the whole group of the castaways that I shall go to […] [… the spirits of the sl]ain complaining about their killers and crying out […] that we shall die together and be made an end of […] much and I will be sleeping, and bread […] for my dwelling; the vision and also […] entered into the gathering of the giants *[…]

6Q8 […] Ohya and he said to Mahway […] […] without trembling. Who showed you all this vision, [my] brother? […] Barakel, my father, was with me. […] Before Mahway had finished telling what [he had seen…] [… said] to him, Now I have heard wonders! If a barren woman gives birth […]

4Q530 Frag. 4 [There]upon Ohya said to Ha[hya…] [… to be destroyed] from upon the earth and […] [… the earth. When… […] they wept before [the giants…]

4Q530 Frag. 7[…] your strength […] […] Thereupon Ohya [said] to Hahya […] Then he answered, It is not for us, but for Azazel, for he did [… the children of] angels are the giants, and they would not let all their [loved ones] be neglected [… we have] not been cast down; you have strength […]

The giants realize the futility of fighting against the forces of heaven. The first speaker may be Gilgamesh.

4Q531 Frag. 1… I am a] giant, and by the mighty strength of my arm and my own great strength [… any]one mortal, and I have made war against them; but I am not […] able to stand against them, for my opponents […] reside in [Heav]en, and they dwell in the holy places. And not [… they] are stronger than I. “[…] of the wild beast has come, and the wild man they call [me]. […] Then Ohya said to him, I have been forced to have a dream “[…] the sleep of my eyes [vanished), to let me see a vision. Now I know that on […] -12[…] Gilgamesh […]

Ohya’s dream vision is of a tree that is uprooted except for three of its roots; the vi- sion’s import is the same as that of the first dream.

6Q8 Frag. 2 ‘three of its roots […] [while] I was [watching,] there came [… they moved the roots into] ‘this garden, all of them, and not […]

Ohya tries to avoid the implications of the visions. Above he stated that it referred only to the demon Azazel; here he suggests that the destruction is for the earthly rulers alone.

4Q530 Col. 2 concerns the death of our souls […] and all his com- rades, [and Oh]ya told them what Gilgamesh said to him […] and it was said […] “concerning […] the leader has cursed the potentates” ‘and the giants were glad at his words. Then he turned and left […]

More dreams afflict the giants. The details of this vision are obscure, but it bodes ill for the giants. The dreamers speak first to the monsters, then to the giants.

Thereupon two of them had dreams and the sleep of their eyes fled from them, and they arose and came to [… and told] their dreams, and said in the assembly of [their comrades] the monsters [… In] my dream I was watching this very night [and there was a garden…] gardeners and they were wa- tering [. two hundred trees and] large shoots came out of their root […] all the water, and the fire burned all 10[the garden…] They found the giants to tell them “[the dream…]

Someone suggests that Enoch be found to interpret the vision.

[… to Enoch] the noted scribe, and he will interpret for us “the dream. Thereupon his fellow Ohya declared and said to the giants, “I too had a dream this night, O giants, and, behold, the Ruler of Heaven came down to earth “[…] and such is the end of the dream. [Thereupon] all the giants [and monsters] grew afraid “and called Mahway. He came to them and the giants pleaded with him and sent him to Enoch [the noted scribe]. They said to him, Go […] to you that “[…] you have heard his voice. And he said to him, He will [… and] interpret the dreams […] Col. 3[…] how long the giants have to live. […]

After a cosmic journey, Mahway comes to Enoch and makes his request.

[… he mounted up in the air] ‘like strong winds, and flew with his hands like ea[gles he left behind] ‘the inhabited world and passed over Desolation, the great desert […] and Enoch saw him and hailed him, and Mahway said to him […] ‘hither and thither a second time to Mahway [… The giants await] “your words, and all the monsters of the earth. If […] has been carried […] from the days of […] their […] and they will be added […] […] we would know from you their meaning […] “[… two hundred trees that from heaven [came down…]

Enoch sends back a tablet with its grim message of judgment, but with hope for repentance.

4Q530 Frag. 2 ‘The scribe [Enoch…] […] a copy of the second tablet that [Enoch] se[nt…] in the very handwriting of Enoch the noted scribe [… In the name of God the great] and holy one, to Shemihaza and all [his companions…] ‘let it be known to you that not […] ‘and the things you have done, and that your wives […] they and their sons and the wives of [their sons .] by your licentiousness on the earth, and there has been upon you [… and the land is crying out] 1ºand complaining about you and the deeds of your children […] “the harm that you have done to it. […] 12until Raphael arrives, behold, destruction [is coming, a great flood, and it will destroy all living things] and whatever is in the deserts and the seas. And the meaning of the matter […] upon you for evil. But now, loosen the bonds bi[nding you to evil…] 15 and pray.

A fragment apparently detailing a vision that Enoch saw.

4Q531 Frag. 73 [… great fear] seized me and I fell on my face; I heard his voice […] […] he dwelt among human beings but he did not learn from them […]

Judith 16:6-7 (T)

The Book of Judith relates the story of His deliverance of the Jewish people. This was accomplished “by the hand of a female”—a constant motif meant to recall the “hand” of Elohim in the Exodus narrative. The work may have been written around 100 B.C., but its historical range is extraordinary.

16:6 The Almighty Lord brought them to nothing by the hand of a woman. 7 For their mighty one didn’t fall by young men, neither did sons of the Titans strike him. Tall giants didn’t attack him, but Judith the daughter of Merari made him weak with the beauty of her countenance.

Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 (T)

The Wisdom of Solomon or Book of Wisdom is a Jewish work, written in Greek, composed in Alexandria (Egypt). Generally dated to the late first century B.C..

14:6 For in the old time also, when proud giants were perishing, the hope of the world, taking refuge on a raft, your hand guided the seed of generations of the race of men.

Sirach 16:6-9 (T)

Sirach, or Wisdom of Sirach, and also known as the Book of Ecclesiasticus (abbreviated Ecclus.) or Ben Sira, is a work of ethical teachings, from approximately 200 to 175 B.C., written by the Jewish scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his father Joshua son of Sirach, sometimes called Jesus son of Sirach or Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira. The Sirach was almost completely uncovered in Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls, at Masada, and the Cairo Geniza. The multiplicity of manuscript fragments uncovered in the Cairo Genizah evidence its authoritative status among Egyptian Jewry until the Middle Ages. Quotes from Sirach can be found in Rabbinic literature in multiple places including the 4th Century Talmud in Bava Kamma 92b:13 and Hagigah 13a:2. Additionally, the Gospels and other Apostolic Scriptures quote from the Book of Sirach including the Song of Miriam in Luke 1:52 (cf. Sirach 10:14); the description of the seed in Mark 4:5, 16–17 (cf. Sirach 40:15); the statement by Yeshua in Matthew 7:16,20 (cf. Sirach 27:6); and Ya’aqov (James) 1:19 (cf. Sirach 5:11).

16:6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.

Baruch 3:24-28 (T)

The Book of Baruch is named after Baruch ben Neriah, Jeremiah’s well-known scribe, who is mentioned at Baruch 1:1, and has been presumed to be the author of the whole work. Although not in the Hebrew Bible, it is found in the Septuagint, in the Eritrean/Ethiopian Orthodox Bible, and the Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Russian Orthodox Churches. In some Bibles, Baruch chapter 6 is listed as a separate book called The Letter of Jeremiah, reflecting its separation from Baruch in some copies of the Greek Septuagint. Some scholars propose that it was written during or shortly after the period of the Maccabees. Although the earliest known manuscripts of Baruch are in Greek, linguistic features of the first parts of Baruch (1:1-3:8) have been proposed as indicating a translation from a Semitic language.

3:24 O Israel, how great is the house of Elohim! How large is the place of his possession! 25 It is great and has no end. It is high and unmeasurable. 26 Giants were born that were famous of old, great of stature, and expert in war. 27 Elohim didn’t choose these, nor did he give the way of knowledge to them, 28 so they perished, because they had no wisdom. They perished through their own foolishness.

3 Maccabees 2:1-5 (T)

The title of 3 Maccabees is curious because the book has nothing to do with the Maccabees (who are never mentioned in it). The principal feature that it shares with 1-2 Maccabees is that it is a story about a situation in which the Jewish people, this time in Egypt, were in danger of being annihilated by a Hellenistic monarch, in part for their religious convictions and practices. The book was composed in Greek and relates a story set in the time of Ptolemy IV Philopater (221-203 B.C.E).

2:1 Now it was that the high priest Simon bowed his knees near the holy place, spread out his hands in reverent form, and uttered the following prayer: 2 “O Lord, Lord, King of the heavens, and Ruler of the whole creation, Holy among the holy, sole Governor, Almighty, give ear to us who are oppressed by a wicked and profane one, who celebrates in his confidence and strength. 3 It is you, the Creator of all, the Lord of the universe, who are a righteous Governor, and judge all who act with pride and insolence. 4 It was you who destroyed the former workers of unrighteousness, among whom were the giants, who trusted in their strength and daring, by covering them with a measureless flood. 5 It was you who made the Sodomites, those workers of exceedingly iniquity, men notorious for their vices, an example to later generations, when you covered them with fire and sulfur.

Genesis 7:1-24 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)

Composed in Talmudic Israel (c.150 – c.250 A.D.). Targum Pseudo-Jonathan is a western targum (translation) of the Torah (Pentateuch) from the land of Israel (as opposed to the eastern Babylonian Targum Onkelos). Its correct title was originally Targum Yerushalmi (Jerusalem Targum), which is how it was known in medieval times. But because of a printer’s mistake it was later labeled Targum Jonathan, in reference to Jonathan ben Uzziel. Some editions of the Pentateuch continue to call it Targum Jonathan to this day. Most scholars refer to the text as Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. This targum is more than a mere translation. It includes much Aggadic material collected from various sources as late as the Midrash Rabbah as well as earlier material from the Talmud. It is effectively a combination of a commentary and a translation. In the portions where it is pure translation, it often agrees with the Targum Onkelos. The date of its composition is disputed. It cannot have been completed before the Arabic conquest as it refers to Mohammad’s wife Fatimah, but might have been initially composed in the 4th Century A.D. However, some scholars date it in the 14th Century.

Chapter 7 And the Lord said to Noaḥ, Enter, thou, and every one of thy house, into the ark; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this generation. Of all clean cattle take thou seven by seven, male and female, and of all cattle not clean, two (and two), male and female. But of birds of the heavens, seven by seven, male and female, to preserve from them seed upon the land. For, behold, I give you space of seven days; if they will be converted, it shall be forgiven them; but if they will not be converted, after a time of days yet seven, I will cause rain to come down upon the land forty days and forty nights, and will destroy all bodies of man and of beast upon the land. And Noaḥ did according to all that the Lord had commanded him. And Noaḥ was the son of six hundred years when the deluge of waters was upon the land. And Noaḥ entered, with his sons and his wife and the wives of his sons with him, into the ark, from before the waters of the deluge. Of all cattle clean, and of cattle unclean, of birds, and of whatever creepeth upon the land, two and two they entered unto Noaḥ into the ark, male and female, as the Lord had instructed Noaḥ. And it was at the time of seven days after the conclusion of the mourning for Methushelach, that the Lord beheld, and, lo, the sons of men had not turned. And the waters of the deluge came down hotly from the heavens upon the land. In the six-hundredth year of the life of Noaḥ, in the second month, which was the month of Marchesvan, for hitherto the months had been numbered from Tishri which was the beginning of the year at the completion of the world, in the seventeenth day of the month, in that day were all the fountains of the great deep broken up. And the giants were gathered there together with their sons and perturbed them, and afterwards the windows of the heavens were opened. [JERUSALEM. And the windows of the heavens were opened.] And the rain came down upon the land forty days and forty nights. In that same day entered Noaḥ, and Shem, and Cham, and Yapheth, the sons of Noaḥ, and the wife of Noaḥ, and the three wives of his sons with him, into the ark: they, and every animal after his kind, and all cattle after their kind, and every reptile that creepeth upon the land after his kind, and every fowl after its kind, every bird which flieth. And they entered to Noaḥ into the ark, two and two of all flesh in which was the breath of life. And they coming entered, male and female, of all flesh unto him, as the Lord had instructed him; and the Word of the Lord covered over the door of the ark upon the face thereof. [JERUSALEM. And the Word of the Lord was merciful upon him.] And there was a flood forty days upon the land, and the waters were multiplied and bare up the ark, and it was lifted from the land. And the waters waxed mighty and increased greatly upon the land, and the ark went floating upon the face of the waters. And the waters prevailed greatly upon the land, and all the high hills which were under the heavens were covered: fifteen cubits higher did the waters prevail, and the mountains were covered. And all flesh expired which moveth upon the land; of fowl, and of cattle, and of wild beasts, and every moving thing that moveth upon the land, and all the sons of men,–every thing in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all on the dry land, died. And all the bodies of men and of beasts upon the face of the land, from man to cattle, to creeping thing, and to the fowl which wingeth in the air of the heavens, perished from the land; and Noaḥ only was left, and they who were with him in the ark. And the waters prevailed upon the land a hundred and fifty days.

Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 1.3.2-6 (T)

Josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 A.D. in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. In 62 A.D. he went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero’s wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem in 65 A.D. to find the country in revolt against Rome. Josephus shrewdly reinterpreted the Messianic prophecies. He predicted that Vespasian would become the ruler of the ‘entire world’. His prophecy became true in 68 A.D. when Nero committed suicide and Vespasian became Ceasar. As a result, Josephus was freed; he moved to Rome and became a Roman citizen, taking the Vespasian family name Flavius. Vespasian commissioned Josephus to write a history of the war, which he finished in 78 A.D., the Jewish War. His second major work, the Antiquities of the Jews, was completed in 93 A.D.

1.3.2. Now Elohim loved this man for his righteousness: yet he not only condemned those other men for their wickedness, but determined to destroy the whole race of mankind, and to make another race that should be pure from wickedness; and cutting short their lives, and making their years not so many as they formerly lived, but one hundred and twenty only, he turned the dry land into sea; and thus were all these men destroyed: but Noaḥ alone was saved; for Elohim suggested to him the following contrivance and way of escape : – That he should make an ark of four stories high, three hundred cubits long, fifty cubits broad, and thirty cubits high. Accordingly he entered into that ark, and his wife, and sons, and their wives, and put into it not only other provisions, to support their wants there, but also sent in with the rest all sorts of living creatures, the male and his female, for the preservation of their kinds; and others of them by sevens. Now this ark had firm walls, and a roof, and was braced with cross beams, so that it could not be any way drowned or overborne by the violence of the water. And thus was Noaḥ, with his family, preserved. Now he was the tenth from Adam, as being the son of Lamech, whose father was Mathusela; he was the son of Enoch, the son of Jared; and Jared was the son of Malaleel, who, with many of his sisters, were the children of Cainan, the son of Enos. Now Enos was the son of Seth, the son of Adam.

1.3.3. This calamity happened in the six hundredth year of Noaḥ’s government, [age,] in the second month, called by the Macedonians Dius, but by the Hebrews Marchesuan: for so did they order their year in Egypt. But Moses appointed that ú Nisan, which is the same with Xanthicus, should be the first month for their festivals, because he brought them out of Egypt in that month: so that this month began the year as to all the solemnities they observed to the honor of Elohim, although he preserved the original order of the months as to selling and buying, and other ordinary affairs. Now he says that this flood began on the twenty-seventh [seventeenth] day of the forementioned month; and this was two thousand six hundred and fifty-six [one thousand six hundred and fifty-six] years from Adam, the first man; and the time is written down in our sacred books, those who then lived having noted down, with great accuracy, both the births and deaths of illustrious men.

1.3.4. For indeed Seth was born when Adam was in his two hundred and thirtieth year, who lived nine hundred and thirty years. Seth begat Enos in his two hundred and fifth year; who, when he had lived nine hundred and twelve years, delivered the government to Cainan his son, whom he had in his hundred and ninetieth year. He lived nine hundred and five years. Cainan, when he had lived nine hundred and ten years, had his son Malaleel, who was born in his hundred and seventieth year. This Malaleel, having lived eight hundred and ninety-five years, died, leaving his son Jared, whom he begat when he was in his hundred and sixty-fifth year. He lived nine hundred and sixty-two years; and then his son Enoch succeeded him, who was born when his father was one hundred and sixty-two years old. Now he, when he had lived three hundred and sixty-five years, departed and went to Elohim; whence it is that they have not written down his death. Now Mathusela, the son of Enoch, who was born to him when he was one hundred and sixty-five years old, had Lamech for his son when he was one hundred and eighty-seven years of age; to whom he delivered the government, when he had retained it nine hundred and sixty-nine years. Now Lamech, when he had governed seven hundred and seventy-seven years, appointed Noaḥ, his son, to be ruler of the people, who was born to Lamech when he was one hundred and eighty-two years old, and retained the government nine hundred and fifty years. These years collected together make up the sum before set down. But let no one inquire into the deaths of these men; for they extended their lives along together with their children and grandchildren; but let him have regard to their births only.

1.3.5. When Elohim gave the signal, and it began to rain, the water poured down forty entire days, till it became fifteen cubits higher than the land; which was the reason why there was no greater number preserved, since they had no place to fly to. When the rain ceased, the water did but just begin to abate after one hundred and fifty days, (that is, on the seventeenth day of the seventh month,) it then ceasing to subside for a little while. After this, the ark rested on the top of a certain mountain in Armenia; which, when Noaḥ understood, he opened it; and seeing a small piece of land about it, he continued quiet, and conceived some cheerful hopes of deliverance. But a few days afterward, when the water was decreased to a greater degree, he sent out a raven, as desirous to learn whether any other part of the land were left dry by the water, and whether he might go out of the ark with safety; but the raven, finding all the land still overflowed, returned to Noaḥ again. And after seven days he sent out a dove, to know the state of the ground; which came back to him covered with mud, and bringing an olive branch: hereby Noaḥ learned that the land was become clear of the flood. So after he had staid seven more days, he sent the living creatures out of the ark; and both he and his family went out, when he also slaughtered to Elohim, and feasted with his companions. However, the Armenians call this place, (GREEK) The Place of Descent; for the ark being saved in that place, its remains are shown there by the inhabitants to this day

1.3.6. Now all the writers of barbarian histories make mention of this flood, and of this ark; among whom is Berosus the Chaldean. For when he is describing the circumstances of the flood, he goes on thus: “It is said there is still some part of this ship in Armenia, at the mountain of the Cordyaeans; and that some people carry off pieces of the bitumen, which they take away, and use chiefly as amulets for the averting of mischiefs.” Hieronymus the Egyptian also, who wrote the Phoenician Antiquities, and Mnaseas, and a great many more, make mention of the same. Nay, Nicolaus of Damascus, in his ninety-sixth book, hath a particular relation about them; where he speaks thus: “There is a great mountain in Armenia, over Minyas, called Baris, upon which it is reported that many who fled at the time of the Deluge were saved; and that one who was carried in an ark came on shore upon the top of it; and that the remains of the timber were a great while preserved. This might be the man about whom Moses the legislator of the Jews wrote.”