• Torah (T): Wayiqra (Leviticus) 19:1 – 20:27
• Prophets (P): Amos 9:7-15
• Apostolic (A): Ephesians 4:17-32
• Additional (ADD): Tobit 4:1-21

RELATED SCRIPTURES

• 1 Peter 1:13-25 (T)
• Exodus 20:8-11; Exodus 31:12-17; Deuteronomy 5:12-15 (T)
• Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16; Proverbs 20:20; Matthew 15:3-6; Ephesians 6:1-4; Colossians 3:20-21 (T)
• Proverbs 6:20-29 (T)
• Exodus 20:3-6; Exodus 34:17; Deuteronomy 5:7-10 (T)
• Leviticus 7:15-18 (T)
• Leviticus 23:21-22; Deuteronomy 24:19-22 (T)
• Exodus 20:15; Deuteronomy 5:19 (T)
• Proverbs 6:30 (T)
• Exodus 20:7; Deuteronomy 5:11 (T)
• Deuteronomy 24:14-15; Ya’aqov (James) 5:1-6; Matthew 20:1-8 (T)
• Deuteronomy 1:16-17; Deuteronomy 16:18-20; Proverbs 24:23-25; Exodus 23:1-3; Proverbs 18:5; Proverbs 31:9 (T)
• Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 20:19; Jeremiah 6:28; Jeremiah 9:1-6; Ezekiel 22:8-12 (T)
• 1 Timothy 5:1-25 (T)
• Proverbs 26:24-26; 1 John 2:9-11; 1 John 4:7-21 (T)
• 1 John 3:10-24 (T)
• Matthew 18:15-22; Luke 17:3-4 (T)
• Matthew 5:21-24 (T)
• Matthew 19:16-30 (T)
• Matthew 22:34-40; Mark 12:28-34; Luke 10:25-37; John 13:34-35; John 15:12-14; Romans 13:7-10; Galatians 5:13-15 (T)
• Ya’aqov (James) 2:1-18 (T)
• Leviticus 19:19 LXX, 2 Corinthians 6:14-18 (T)
• Deuteronomy 22:9-11 (T)
• Leviticus 21:4-5; Deuteronomy 14:1-2; Jeremiah 16:5-6 (T)
• 2 Kings 23:21-25 (T)
• Ezekiel 45:9-12 (T)
• Proverbs 11:1; Proverbs 16:11; Proverbs 20:10 (T)
• Leviticus 18:21; 2 Kings 16:3; 2 Kings 23:10 (T)
• Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18 (T)
• Deuteronomy 22:22; Proverbs 6:32-35 (T)
• John 7:53 – 8:11 (T)
• Deuteronomy 22:13-21; Deuteronomy 24:1-4 (T)
• Matthew 5:31-32; Mark 10:1- (T)
• Leviticus 18:6-24 (T)
• Exodus 22:19 (T)
• Matthew 14:3-4; Mark 6:18-20 (T)
• 1 Thessalonians 4:1-12 (T)
• 1 Corinthians 6:1-11; 1 Timothy 1:1-11 (T)
• Leviticus 11:2; Deuteronomy 14:3 (T)
• 1 Samuel 28:6-15; 2 Kings 23:24 (T)
• Amos 9:11-12 Acts 15:16-17 (A)

RELATED ADDITIONAL REA.D.INGS

• Sirach 4:1-10 (T)
• Sirach 16:1-13 (T)
• Sirach 19:1-30 (T)
• Sirach 27:1-30 (T)
• Wisdom of Solomon 2:1-24 (T)
• Ordinances 4Q513 Fragment 2 Column 2 (T)
• Laws about Gleaning 4Q284 Fragment 1, 2 (T)
• The Damascus Document 4270 Fragment 9 (T)
• The Secret of the Way Things Are 4Q418 Fragment 103 Column 2 (T)
• A Sectarian Manifesto 4QMMT Section B:18, 22, 23 (T)
• A Commentary on the Law of Moses 4Q251 Fragment 6 (T)
• Jubilees 30:7-10 (T)
• Leviticus 19:1 – 20:27 from the Jerusalem Targum aka Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (T)
• Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus 3.12.1 (T)

Note: (T) means the verse relates to that week’s Torah portion. (P) means the verse relates to that week’s Prophets portion. (A) means the verse relates to that week’s Apostolic portion. (ADD) means the verse relates to that week’s Additional portion.

Torah Portion (T)

19:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, and tell them, ‘You will be holy; for I, YHWH your Elohim, am holy. 3 Each one of you will fear his mother and his father. You will guard my Sabbaths. I am YHWH your Elohim. 4 Don’t turn to idols, nor make cast elohim for yourselves. I am YHWH your Elohim. 5 When you slaughter a slaughter of peace offerings to YHWH, you will slaughter it so that you may be accepted. 6 It will be eaten the same day you slaughter it, and on the next day. If anything remains until the third day, it will be burned with fire. 7 If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is abominable. It will not be accepted; 8 but everyone who eats it will bear his iniquity, because he has profaned the holy of YHWH, and that soul will be cut off from his people. 9 When you reap the harvest of your land, do not finish the corner of your field, neither will you gather the gleanings of your harvest. 10 Do not glean your vineyard, neither will you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You will leave them for the afflicted and for the foreigner. I am YHWH your Elohim. 11 Do not steal and do not deal falsely and do not deceive one another. 12 Do not swear by my name falsely, and profane the name of your Elohim. I am YHWH [your Elohim].^(LXX) 13 Do not oppress your neighbor, nor pluck away. The wages of a hired-servant will not remain with you all night until the morning. 14 Do not belittle the deaf, nor put a stumbling block before the blind; but you will fear your Elohim. I am YHWH [your Elohim].^(LXX) 15 You will do no injustice in judgment. Do not lift up the face of the helpless and do not give honor to the face of the great one; but you will judge your fellow in righteousness. 16 Do not go around as a talebearer among your people. Do not stand upon the blood of your neighbor. I am YHWH [your Elohim].^(LXX) 17 Do not hate your brother in your heart. You will surely rebuke your fellow and not lift up sin upon him. 18 [Your hand]^(LXX) will not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the sons of your people; but you will love your neighbor as yourself. I am YHWH. 19 You will guard my statutes. Do not square your beasts with different kinds. Do not sow your field with two kinds of seed; a garment made of different kinds of linen and woolen will not go up upon you. 20 A man that lies down with a woman with seed of copulation, and she is a maid, betrothed to another man, and not ransomed or given her freedom; they will be punished. They will not be put to death, because she was not free. 21 He will bring his trespass offering to YHWH, to the door of the Appointed Tent, a ram for a trespass offering. 22 The priest will make atonement for him with the ram of the trespass offering before YHWH for his sin which he has done; and the sin which he has done will be forgiven him. 23 When you come into the land [which YHWH your Elohim gives you],^(LXX) and have planted all kinds of trees for food, then you will count their fruit as uncircumcised foreskin. For three years it will be foreskin to you. It will not be eaten. 24 But in the fourth year all its fruit will be holy, praises to YHWH. 25 In the fifth year you will eat its fruit, that it may yield its increase to you. I am YHWH your Elohim. 26 Do not eat with the blood still in it. Do not predict nor conjure. 27 Do not round the corner of your head or destroy the corner of your beard. 28 Do not give an incision for the soul in your flesh nor tattoo any writings in you. I am YHWH [your Elohim].^(LXX) 29 Don’t profane your daughter to make her a whore and the land will not be a whore, and the land become full of wickedness. 30 You guard my Sabbaths, and fear my sanctuary. I am YHWH. 31 Don’t turn to those who are mediums, nor to the wizards. Don’t seek them out, to be unclean by them. I am YHWH your Elohim. 32 You will rise up before the gray-head and honor the face of the bearded and you will fear your Elohim. I am YHWH [your Elohim].^(LXX) 33 If a stranger sojourns with you in your land, do not oppress him. 34 The sojourner who sojourns with you will be to you as the native among you, and you will love him as yourself; for you lived as foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am YHWH your Elohim. 35 You will do no injustice in judgment, in measures of length, of weight, or of quantity. 36 You will have righteous balances, righteous stones, a righteous ephah, and a righteous hin. I am YHWH your Elohim, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. 37 You will guard all my statutes and all my judgments, and do them. I am YHWH [your Elohim].’ ”^(LXX)

20:1 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Moreover, you will tell the sons of Israel, ‘Anyone of the [house]^(DSS) of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners in Israel, who gives any of his seed to Molek will surely be put to death. The people of the land will stone that person with stones. 3 I also will set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people, because he has given of his seed to Molek, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name. 4 If the people of the land all hide their eyes from that person when he gives of his seed to Molek, and don’t put him to death, 5 then I will set my face against that man and against his family, and will cut him off, and all who whore after him to whore after Molek, from among their people. 6 The person that turns to those who are mediums and wizards, to whore after them, I will even set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people. 7 Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy; for I am YHWH your Elohim. 8 You will guard my statutes, and do them. I am YHWH who sanctifies you. 9 For everyone who belittles his father or his mother will surely be put to death. He has belittled his father or his mother. His blood will be upon himself. 10 [The man who commits adultery with a man’s wife],^(LXX) the adulterer and the adulteress will surely be put to death. 11 The man who lies with his father’s wife has uncovered his father’s [indecency].^(LXX) Both of them will surely be put to death. Their blood will be upon themselves. 12 If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them will surely be put to death. They have done a perversion. Their blood will be upon themselves. 13 If a man lies with a male on a woman’s bed, both of them have done a detestable thing. They will surely be put to death. Their blood will be upon themselves. 14 If a man takes a woman and her mother, it is wickedness. They will be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you. 15 If a man gives his copulation in a beast, he will surely be put to death; and you will kill the animal. 16 If a woman comes near a beast to be squared on hands and knees, you will kill the woman and the beast. They will surely be put to death. Their blood will be upon them. 17 If a man takes his sister—his father’s daughter, or his mother’s daughter—and sees her [indecency].^(LXX) and she sees his [indecency].^(LXX) it is a shameful thing. They will be cut off in the sight of the sons of their people. He has uncovered his sister’s [indecency].^(LXX) He will bear his iniquity. 18 If a man lies with a woman having her sickness, and uncovers her [indecency].^(LXX) he has made her fountain naked, and she has uncovered the fountain of her blood. Both of them will be cut off from among their people. 19 You will not uncover the [indecency].^(LXX) of your mother’s sister, nor of your father’s sister, for he has made his near kin naked. They will bear their iniquity. 20 If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered his uncle’s [indecency].^(LXX) They will bear their sin. They will die childless. 21 If a man takes his brother’s wife, it is an impurity. He has uncovered his brother’s [indecency].^(LXX) They will be childless. 22 You will therefore guard all my statutes and all my judgments, and do them, that the land where I am bringing you to dwell may not vomit you out. 23 You will not walk in the statutes of the nation which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them. 24 But I have said to you, “You will inherit their land, and I will give it to you to possess it, a land flowing with milk and honey.” I am YHWH your Elohim, who has separated you from the peoples. 25 You will therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean fowl and the clean. You will not make yourselves abominable by animal, or by bird, or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have separated from you as unclean for you. 26 You will be holy to me, for I, YHWH [your Elohim],^(LXX) am holy, and have set you apart from the peoples, that you should be mine. 27 A man or a woman that is a medium or is a wizard will surely be put to death. They will be stoned with stones. Their blood will be upon themselves.’ ”

Prophets Portion (P)

9:7 Are you not like the sons of the Ethiopians to me, sons of Israel?” says YHWH. “Haven’t I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? 8 Behold, the eyes of the Lord YHWH are on the sinful reign, and I will destroy it from off the surface of the land, except that I will not utterly destroy the house of Jacob,” says YHWH. 9 “For behold, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all the nations as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet not the least kernel will fall on the land. 10 All the sinners of my people will die by the sword, who say, ‘Evil won’t overtake nor meet us.’ 11 In that day I will raise up the tent of David who is fallen and close up its breaches, and I will raise up its ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old, 12 that the remnant of [men]^(LXX) may [seek]^(LXX) after YHWH and all the nations who are called by my name,” says YHWH who does this, [who makes these things known from long ago].^{(mss)(Acts 15:17-18)} 13 “Behold, the days come,” says YHWH, “that the plowman will overtake the reaper, and the one treading grapes him who sows seed; and sweet wine will drip from the mountains, and flow from the hills. 14 I will bring my people Israel back from captivity, and they will rebuild the ruined cities, and inhabit them; and they will plant vineyards, and drink wine from them. They will also make gardens, and eat their fruit. 15 I will plant them on their land, and they will no more be plucked up out of their land which I have given them,” says YHWH your Elohim.

Apostolic Portion (A)

4:17 This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that you no longer walk as the rest of the nations also walk, in the futility of their mind, 18 being darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of Elohim because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardening of their hearts. 19 They, having become callous, gave themselves up to coveting, to work all uncleanness with greediness. 20 But you didn’t learn Messiah that way, 21 if indeed you heard him and were taught in him, even as truth is in Yeshua: 22 that you put away, as concerning your former way of life, the old man that grows corrupt after the coveting of deceit, 23 and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 24 and put on the new man, who in the likeness of Elohim has been created in righteousness and holiness of truth. 25 Therefore, putting away falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor (cf. Zechariah 8:16), for we are members of one another. 26 “Be angry, and don’t sin.” (cf. Psalms 4:4) Don’t let the sun go down on your wrath, 27 and don’t give place to the devil. 28 Let him who stole steal no more; but rather let him labor, producing with his hands something that is good, that he may have something to give to him who has need. 29 Let no corrupt speech proceed out of your mouth, but only what is good for building others up as the need may be, that it may give grace to those who hear. 30 Don’t grieve the Holy Spirit of Elohim, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. 31 Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, outcry, and slander be put away from you, with all malice. 32 And be kind to one another, having tender bowels, favoring each other, just as Elohim also in Messiah favored us.

Additional Portion (ADD)

Tobit, also called The Book of Tobias, found its way into the Roman Catholic canon via the Septuagint. Before the 1952 discovery of Aramaic and Hebrew fragments of Tobit among the Dead Sea Scrolls in a cave at Qumran, scholars believed Tobit was not included in the Jewish canon because of late authorship, estimated to 100 A.D.. Qumran fragments of the text, which were copied between 100 B.C. to 25 A.D., evidence a much earlier origin than previously thought. These fragments evidence authorship no later than the 2nd century B.C. and, likely, contemporary with the date ascribed, by modern scholars, to the final compilation of the Book of Daniel, which did attain canonical status.

4:1 In that day Tobit remembered the money which he had left in trust with Gabael in Rages of Media, 2 and he said to himself, I have asked for death; why do I not call my son Tobias, that I may explain to him about the money before I die? 3 And he called him, and said, “My child, if I die, bury me. Don’t despise your mother. Honor her all the days of your life, and do that which is pleasing to her, and don’t grieve her. 4 Remember, my child, that she has seen many dangers for you, when you were in her womb. When she is dead, bury her by me in one grave. 5 My child, be mindful of the Lord our Elohim all your days, and don’t let your will be set to sin and to transgress his commandments: do righteousness all the days of your life, and don’t follow the ways of unrighteousness. 6 For if you do what is true, your deeds will prosperously succeed for you, and for all those who do righteousness. 7 Give alms from your possessions. When you give alms, don’t let your eye be envious. Don’t turn away your face from any poor man, and the face of Elohim won’t be turned away from you. 8 As your possessions are, give alms of it according to your abundance. If you have little, don’t be afraid to give alms according to that little; 9 for you lay up a good treasure for yourself against the day of necessity; 10 because alms-giving delivers from death, and doesn’t allow you to come into darkness. 11 Alms is a good gift in the sight of the Most High for all that give it. 12 Beware, my child, of all fornication, and take first a woman of the seed of your fathers. Don’t take a strange woman, who is not of your father’s tribe; for we are the descendants of the prophets. Remember, my child, that Noaḥ, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, our fathers of old time, all took wives of their kindred, and were blessed in their children, and their seed will inherit the land. 13 And now, my child, love your kindred, and don’t scorn your kindred and the sons and the daughters of your people in your heart, to take a woman of them; for in scornfulness is destruction and much trouble, and in naughtiness is decay and great lack; for naughtiness is the mother of famine. 14 Don’t let the wages of any man who works for you wait with you, but give it to him out of hand. If you serve Elohim, you will be rewarded. Take heed to yourself, my child, in all your works, and be discreet in all your behavior. 15 And what you yourself hate, do to no man. Don’t drink wine to drunkenness, and don’t let drunkenness go with you on your way. 16 Give of your bread to the hungry, and of your garments to those who are naked. Give alms from all your abundance. Don’t let your eye be envious when you give alms. 17 Pour out your bread on the burial of the just, and give nothing to sinners. 18 Ask counsel of every man who is wise, and don’t despise any counsel that is profitable. 19 Bless the Lord your Elohim at all times, and ask of him that your ways may be made straight, and that all your paths and counsels may prosper; for every nation has no counsel; but the Lord himself gives all good things, and he humbles whom he will, as he will. And now, my child, remember my commandments, and let them not be blotted out of your mind. 20 And now I explain to you about the ten talents of silver, which I left in trust with Gabael the son of Gabrias at Rages of Media. 21 And fear not, my child, because we are made poor. You have much wealth, if you fear Elohim, and depart from all sin, and do that which is pleasing in his sight.”

Related Scriptures

1:13 Therefore, having girded up the hips of your mind, being sober, set your hope fully on the grace that will be brought to you at the revelation of Yeshua the Messiah— 14 as children of obedience, not conforming yourselves according to your former coveting as in your ignorance, 15 but just as he who called you is holy, you yourselves also be holy in all of your behavior, 16 because it is written, “You will be holy, for I am holy.” 17 If you call on him as Father, who without respect of persons judges according to each man’s work, pass the time of your living as foreigners here in reverent fear, 18 knowing that you were redeemed, not with corruptible things like silver or gold, from the useless way of life handed down from your fathers, 19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb without blemish or spot, the blood of Messiah, 20 who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in this last age for your sake, 21 who through him are believers in Elohim, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope might be in Elohim. 22 Seeing you have purified your souls in your obedience to the truth through the Spirit in sincere brotherly affection, love one another from the heart fervently, 23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, through the word of Elohim, which lives and remains forever. 24 For, “All flesh is like grass, and all of man’s glory like the flower in the grass. The grass withers, and its flower falls; 25 but the Lord’s word endures forever.” This is the word of Good News which was preached to you.

Exodus 20:8 Remember the Sabbath day, to set it apart. 9 You will labor six days, and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to YHWH your Elohim. You will not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your maid, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; 11 for in six days YHWH made the heavens and land, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore YHWH blessed the Sabbath day, and made it holy.

Exodus 32:12 YHWH spoke to Moses, saying, 13 “Speak also to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘Most certainly you will guard my Sabbaths; for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, that you may know that I am YHWH who sanctifies you. 14 You will guard the Sabbath therefore, for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it will surely be put to death; for whoever does any work therein, that soul will be cut off from among his people. 15 Six days will work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of rest, holy to YHWH. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day will surely be put to death. 16 Therefore the sons of Israel will guard the Sabbath, to do the Sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant. 17 It is a sign between me and the sons of Israel forever; for in six days YHWH made the heavens and land, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.’ ”

Deuteronomy 5:12 Guard the Sabbath day, to set it apart, as YHWH your Elohim commanded you. 13 You will labor six days, and do all your work; 14 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to YHWH your Elohim, in which you will not do any work— neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your maid, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your male servant and your maid may rest as well as you. 15 You will remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and YHWH your Elohim brought you out of there by a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm. Therefore YHWH your Elohim commanded you to do the Sabbath day.

Exodus 20:12 Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which YHWH your Elohim gives you.

Deuteronomy 5:16 “Honor your father and your mother, as YHWH your Elohim commanded you, that your days may be long and that it may go well with you in the land which YHWH your Elohim gives you.

Proverbs 20:20 Whoever belittles his father or his mother, his lamp will be put out in blackness of darkness.

Matthew 15:3 He answered them, “Why do you also disobey the commandment of Elohim because of your tradition? 4 For Elohim commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 5 But you say, ‘Whoever may tell his father or his mother, “Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to Elohim,” 6 he will not honor his father or mother.’ You have made the commandment of Elohim void because of your tradition.

Ephesians 6:1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 “Honor your father and mother,” which is the first commandment with a promise: 3 “that it may be well with you, and you may live long on the land.” 4 You fathers, don’t provoke your children to wrath, but nurture them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord.

Colossians 3:20 Children, obey your parents in all things, for this pleases the Lord. 21 Fathers, don’t provoke your children, so that they won’t be discouraged.

6:20 My son, keep your father’s commandment, and don’t forsake your mother’s Torah. 21 Bind them continually on your heart. Tie them around your neck. 22 When you walk, it will lead you. When you sleep, it will watch over you. When you awake, it will talk with you. 23 For the commandment is a lamp, and the Torah is light. Reproofs of instruction are the way of life, 24 to keep you from the evil woman, from the flattery of the foreign tongue. 25 Don’t covet after her beauty in your heart, neither let her captivate you with her eyelids. 26 For a whore reduces you to a piece of bread. The man’s wife hunts for your precious life. 27 Can a man scoop fire into his bosom, and his clothes not be burned? 28 Or can one walk on hot coals, and his feet not be scorched? 29 So is he who goes in to his neighbor’s wife. Whoever touches her will not be unpunished.

Exodus 20:3 Other elohim will not exist for you before my face. 4 You will not make for yourselves an idol, nor any image of anything that is in the heavens above, or that is in the land beneath, or that is in the water under the land: 5 you will not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them, for I, YHWH your Elohim, am a zealous Elohim, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the sons, on the third and on the fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and guard my commandments.

Exodus 34:17 “You will make no cast idols for yourselves.

Deuteronomy 5:7 Other elohim will not exist for you before my face. 8 “You will not make a carved image for yourself—any likeness of what is in the heavens above, or what is in the land beneath, or that is in the water under the land. 9 You will not bow yourself down to them, nor serve them, for I, YHWH your Elohim, am a zealous Elohim, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the sons and on the third and on the fourth generation of those who hate me 10 and showing loving kindness to thousands of those who love me and guard my commandments.

7:15 The flesh of the slaughter of his peace offerings for thanksgiving will be eaten on the day of his offering. He will not leave any of it until the morning. 16 But if the slaughter of his offering is a vow, or a freewill offering, it will be eaten on the day that he brings his slaughter. On the next day what remains of it will be eaten, 17 but what remains of the flesh of the slaughter on the third day will be burned with fire. 18 If any of the flesh of the slaughter of his peace offerings is eaten on the third day, it will not be accepted, and it will not be credited to him who brings it. It will be an abomination, and the soul who eats any of it will bear his iniquity.

Leviticus 23:21 You will make proclamation on the same day that there will be a holy convocation to you. You will do no work of service. This is a statute forever in all your dwellings throughout your generations. 22 When you reap the harvest of your land, you must not finish the corner of your field. You must not gather the gleanings of your harvest. You must leave them for the afflicted and for the foreigner. I am YHWH your Elohim.

Deuteronomy 24:19 When you reap your harvest in your field, and have forgotten a sheaf in the field, you will not go again to get it. It will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow, that YHWH your Elohim may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive tree, you will not go over the boughs again. It will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 21 When you harvest your vineyard, you will not glean it after yourselves. It will be for the foreigner, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 22 You will remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt. Therefore I command you to do this thing.

Do not steal.

6:30 Don’t despise a thief if he steals to satisfy his soul when he is hungry, 31 but if he is found, he will restore seven times. He will give all the wealth of his house.

Don’t lift up the name of YHWH your Elohim to falseness, for YHWH will not hold him guiltless who lifts up his name in falseness.

Deuteronomy 24:14 You will not oppress a hired-servant who is afflicted and needy, whether he is one of your brothers or one of the foreigners who are in your land within your gates. 15 In his day you will give him his wages, neither will the sun go down on it, for he is afflicted and sets his heart on it, lest he cry against you to YHWH, and it be sin to you.

Ya’aqov (James) 5:1 Come now, you rich, weep and howl for your miseries that are coming on you. 2 Your riches are corrupted and your garments are moth-eaten. 3 Your gold and your silver are corroded, and their corrosion will be for a witness against you and will eat your flesh like fire. You have laid up your treasure in the last days. 4 Behold, the wages of the laborers who mowed your fields, which you have kept back by fraud, cry out; and the cries of those who reaped have entered into the ears of the Lord of Hosts. 5 You have lived in luxury on the land, and taken your pleasure. You have nourished your hearts as in a day of slaughter. 6 You have condemned and you have murdered the righteous one. He doesn’t resist you.

Matthew 20:1 “For the reign of the heavens is like a man who was the master of a household, who went out early in the morning to hire laborers for his vineyard. 2 When he had agreed with the laborers for a denarius a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 3 He went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace. 4 He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and whatever is right I will give you.’ So they went their way. 5 Again he went out about the sixth and the ninth hour, and did likewise. 6 About the eleventh hour he went out and found others standing idle. He said to them, ‘Why do you stand here all day idle?’ 7 They said to him, ‘Because no one has hired us.’ He said to them, ‘You also go into the vineyard, and you will receive whatever is right.’ 8 When evening had come, the lord of the vineyard said to his manager, ‘Call the laborers and pay them their wages, beginning from the last to the first.’

Deuteronomy 1:16 I commanded your judges at that time, saying, “Hear cases between your brothers and judge righteously between a man and his brother, and the foreigner who is living with him. 17 You will not show partiality in judgment; you will hear the small and the great alike. You will not be afraid of the face of man, for the judgment is Elohim’s. The case that is too hard for you, you will bring to me, and I will hear it.”

Deuteronomy 16:18 You will make judges and officers in all your gates, which YHWH your Elohim gives you, according to your tribes; and they will judge the people with righteous judgment. 19 You will not pervert justice. You will not show partiality. You will not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous. 20 You will follow that which is altogether just, that you may live and inherit the land which YHWH your Elohim gives you.

Proverbs 24:23 These also are sayings of the wise: To show partiality in judgment is not good. 24 He who says to the wicked, “You are righteous,” peoples will pierce him, and nations will abhor him— 25 but it will go well with those who convict the guilty, and a rich blessing will come on them.

Exodus 23:1 “You will not bring a false report. Don’t put your hand with the wicked to be a malicious witness. 2 “You will not follow a crowd to do evil. You will not testify in court to side with a multitude to pervert justice. 3 You will not favor a helpless man in his cause.

Proverbs 18:5 To be partial to the faces of the wicked is not good, nor to deprive the innocent of justice.

Proverbs 31:9 Open your mouth, judge righteously, and serve justice to the afflicted and needy.”

Proverbs 11:13; Proverbs 20:19; Jeremiah 6:28; Jeremiah 9:1-6; Ezekiel 22:8-12 (T)

Proverbs 11:13 One who brings gossip betrays a confidence, but one who is of a trustworthy spirit is one who keeps a secret.

Proverbs 20:19 He who goes about as a tale-bearer reveals secrets; therefore don’t barter with him who opens wide his lips.

Jeremiah 6:28 They are all grievous rebels, going around to slander. They are bronze and iron. All of them deal corruptly.

Jeremiah 9:1 Oh that my head were waters, and my eyes a spring of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people! 2 Oh that I had in the wilderness a lodging place of wayfaring men, that I might leave my people and go from them! For they are all adulterers, an assembly of treacherous men. 3 “They bend their tongue, as their bow, for falsehood. They have grown strong in the land, but not for truth; for they proceed from evil to evil, and they don’t know me,” says YHWH. 4 “Everyone beware of his neighbor, and don’t trust in any brother; for every brother will utterly supplant, and every neighbor will go around like a slanderer. 5 Friends deceive each other, and will not speak the truth. They have taught their tongue to speak lies. They weary themselves committing iniquity. 6 Your habitation is in the middle of deceit. Through deceit, they refuse to know me,” says YHWH.

Ezekiel 22:8 You have despised my holy, and have profaned my Sabbaths. 9 Slanderous men have been in you to shed blood. In you they have eaten on the mountains. They have done lewdness among you. 10 In you have they uncovered their fathers’ nakedness. In you have they afflicted her who was unclean in her impurity. 11 One has committed abomination with his neighbor’s wife, and another has wickedly defiled his daughter-in-law. Another in you has afflicted his sister, his father’s daughter. 12 In you have they taken bribes to shed blood. You have taken interest and increase, and you have greedily gained of your neighbors by oppression, and have forgotten me,” says the Lord YHWH.

5:1 Don’t rebuke an older man, but exhort him as a father; the younger men as brothers; 2 the elder women as mothers; the younger as sisters, in all purity. 3 Honor widows who are widows indeed. 4 But if any widow has children or grandchildren, let them learn first to show piety toward their own family and to repay their parents, for this is acceptable in the sight of Elohim. 5 Now she who is a widow indeed and desolate, has her hope set on Elohim and continues in petitions and prayers night and day. 6 But she who gives herself to pleasure is dead while she lives. 7 Also command these things, that they may be without reproach. 8 But if anyone doesn’t provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. 9 Let no one be enrolled as a widow under sixty years old, having been the woman of one man, 10 being approved by good works, if she has brought up children, if she has been hospitable to strangers, if she has washed the holy ones’ feet, if she has relieved the afflicted, and if she has diligently followed every good work. 11 But refuse younger widows, for when they have grown wanton against Messiah, they desire to marry, 12 having condemnation, because they have rejected their first pledge. 13 Besides, they also learn to be idle, going about from house to house. Not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, saying things which they ought not. 14 I desire therefore that the younger widows marry, bear children, rule the household, and give no occasion to the adversary for insulting. 15 For already some have turned away after Satan. 16 If any man or woman who believes has widows, let them relieve them, and don’t let the assembly be burdened, that it might relieve those who are widows indeed. 17 Let the elders who rule well be counted worthy of double honor, especially those who labor in the word and in teaching. 18 For the Scripture says, “You will not muzzle the ox when it treads out the grain.” (cf. Deuteronomy 25:4) And, “The laborer is worthy of his wages.” (cf. Leviticus 19:13) 19 Don’t receive an accusation against an elder except at the word of two or three witnesses. 20 Those who sin, reprove in the sight of all, that the rest also may be in fear. 21 I command you in the sight of Elohim, and the Lord Yeshua the Messiah, and the chosen angels, that you observe these things without prejudice, doing nothing by partiality. 22 Lay hands hastily on no one. Don’t be a participant in other people’s sins. Keep yourself pure. 23 Be no longer a drinker of water only, but use a little wine for your stomach’s sake and your frequent infirmities. 24 Some men’s sins are evident, preceding them to judgment, and some also follow later. 25 In the same way also there are good works that are obvious, and those that are otherwise can’t be hidden.

Proverbs 26:24 A malicious man disguises himself with his lips, but he harbors evil in his heart. 25 When his speech is charming, don’t believe him, for there are seven abominations in his heart. 26 His malice may be concealed by deception, but his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.

1 John 2:9 He who says he is in the light and hates his brother is in the darkness even until now. 10 He who loves his brother remains in the light, and there is no occasion for stumbling in him. 11 But he who hates his brother is in the darkness, and walks in the darkness, and doesn’t know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded his eyes.

1 John 4:7 Beloved, let’s love one another, for love is of Elohim; and everyone who loves has been born of Elohim and knows Elohim. 8 He who doesn’t love doesn’t know Elohim, for Elohim is love. 9 By this Elohim’s love was revealed in us, that Elohim has sent his only born Son into the world that we might live through him. 10 In this is love, not that we loved Elohim, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning slaughter for our sins. 11 Beloved, if Elohim loved us in this way, we also ought to love one another. 12 No one has seen Elohim at any time. If we love one another, Elohim remains in us, and his love has been perfected in us. 13 By this we know that we remain in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit. 14 We have seen and testify that the Father has sent the Son as the Savior of the world. 15 Whoever confesses that Yeshua is the Son of Elohim, Elohim remains in him, and he in Elohim. 16 We know and have believed the love which Elohim has for us. Elohim is love, and he who remains in love remains in Elohim, and Elohim remains in him. 17 In this, love has been made perfect among us, that we may have boldness in the day of judgment, because as he is, even so we are in this world. 18 There is no fear in love; but perfect love casts out fear, because fear has punishment. He who fears is not made perfect in love. 19 We love him, because he first loved us. 20 If a man says, “I love Elohim,” and hates his brother, he is a liar; for he who doesn’t love his brother whom he has seen, how can he love Elohim whom he has not seen? 21 This commandment we have from him, that he who loves Elohim should also love his brother.

3:10 In this the children of Elohim are revealed, and the children of the devil. Whoever doesn’t do righteousness is not of Elohim, neither is he who doesn’t love his brother. 11 For this is the message which you heard from the beginning, that we should love one another— 12 unlike Cain, who was of the evil one and killed his brother. Why did he kill him? Because his deeds were evil, and his brother’s righteous. 13 Don’t be surprised, my brothers, if the world hates you. 14 We know that we have passed out of death into life, because we love the brothers. He who doesn’t love his brother remains in death. 15 Whoever hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life remaining in him. 16 By this we know love, because he laid down his life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for the brothers. 17 But whoever has the world’s goods and sees his brother in need, then closes his heart of compassion against him, how does Elohim’s love remain in him? 18 My little children, let’s not love in word only, or with the tongue only, but in deed and truth. 19 And by this we know that we are of the truth and persuade our hearts before him, 20 because if our heart condemns us, Elohim is greater than our heart, and knows all things. 21 Beloved, if our hearts don’t condemn us, we have boldness toward Elohim; 22 so whatever we ask, we receive from him, because we guard his commandments and do the things that are pleasing in his sight. 23 This is his commandment, that we should believe in the name of his Son, Yeshua the Messiah, and love one another, even as he commanded. 24 He who keeps his commandments remains in him, and he in him. By this we know that he remains in us, by the Spirit which he gave us.

Matthew 18:15 “If your brother sins against you, go, show him his fault between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained back your brother. 16 But if he doesn’t listen, take one or two more with you, that at the mouth of two or three witnesses every word may be established. 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the assembly. If he refuses to hear the assembly also, let him be to you as a Gentile or a tax collector. 18 Amen, amen, I tell you, whatever things you bind on land will have been bound in the heavens, and whatever things you release on land will have been released in the heavens. 19 Again, assuredly I tell you, that if two of you will agree on land concerning anything that they will ask, it will be done for them by my Father who is in the heavens. 20 For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the middle of them.” 21 Then Peter came and said to him, “Lord, how often will my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Until seven times?” 22 Yeshua said to him, “I don’t tell you until seven times, but, until seventy times seven.

Luke 17:3 Be careful. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him. If he repents, forgive him. 4 If he sins against you seven times in the day, and seven times returns, saying, ‘I repent,’ you will forgive him.

5:21 “You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, ‘Do not murder’ (cf. Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17) and ‘whoever murders will be in danger of the judgment.’ 22 But I tell you that everyone who is angry with his brother without a cause will be in danger of the judgment. Whoever says to his brother, ‘Reka!’ will be in danger of the council. Whoever says, ‘Naval!’ will be in danger of the fire of Gehinnom. 23 “If therefore you are offering your gift at the altar, and there remember that your brother has anything against you, 24 leave your gift there before the altar, and go your way. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift.

19:16 Behold, one came to him and said, “Good Rabbi, what good will I do, that I may have eternal life?” 17 He said to him, “Why do you ask me about what is good? Nothing is good but one, that is, Elohim. But if you want to enter into life, keep the commandments.” 18 He said to him, “Which ones?” Yeshua said, You will not murder.’ ‘You will not commit adultery.’ ‘You will not steal.’ ‘You will not offer false witness.’ 19 ‘Honor your father and your mother.’ And, ‘You will love your neighbor as yourself.’ ” 20 The young man said to him, “All these things I have observed from my youth. What do I still lack?” 21 Yeshua said to him, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in the heavens; and come, follow me.” 22 But when the young man heard this, he went away sad, for he was one who had great possessions. 23 Yeshua said to his disciples, “Most certainly I say to you, a rich man will enter into the reign of the heavens with difficulty. 24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through a needle’s eye than for a rich man to enter into the reign of Elohim.” 25 When the disciples heard it, they were exceedingly astonished, saying, “Who then can be saved?” 26 Looking at them, Yeshua said, “With men this is impossible, but with Elohim all things are possible.” 27 Then Peter answered, “Behold, we have left everything and followed you. What then will we have?” 28 Yeshua said to them, “Amen, amen, I tell you that you who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on the throne of his glory, you also will sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 29 Everyone who has left houses, or brothers, or sisters, or father, or mother, or woman, or children, or lands, for my name’s sake, will receive one hundred times, and will inherit eternal life. 30 But many will be last who are first, and first who are last.

Matthew 22:34 But the Pharisees, when they heard that he had silenced the Sadducees, gathered themselves together. 35 One of them, a Torah scholar, asked him a question, testing him. 36 “Rabbi, which is the greatest commandment in the law?” 37 Yeshua said to him, You will love the Lord your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ (cf. Deuteronomy 6:5) 38 This is the first and great commandment. 39 A second likewise is this, ‘You will love your neighbor as yourself.’ (cf. Leviticus 19:18) 40 The whole Torah and the Prophets depend on these two commandments.”

Mark 12:28 One of the scribes came and heard them questioning together, and knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the greatest of all?” 29 Yeshua answered, “The greatest is: ‘Hear, Israel, the Lord our Elohim, the Lord is one. 30 You will love the Lord your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ (cf. Deuteronomy 6:5) This is the first commandment. 31 The second is like this: ‘You will love your neighbor as yourself.’ (cf. Leviticus 19:18) There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 The scribe said to him, “Truly, Rabbi, you have said well that he is one, and there is none other but he; 33 and to love him with all the heart, with all the understanding, all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more important than all whole burnt offerings and slaughters.” 34 When Yeshua saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the reign of Elohim.” No one dared ask him any question after that.

Luke 10:25 Behold, a certain Torah scholar stood up and tested him, saying, “Rabbi, what will I do to inherit eternal life?” 26 He said to him, “What is written in the Torah? How do you read it?” 27 He answered, “You will love the Lord your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; (cf. Deuteronomy 6:5) and your neighbor as yourself.” (cf. Leviticus 19:18) 28 He said to him, “You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live.” 29 But he, desiring to justify himself, asked Yeshua, “Who is my neighbor?” 30 Yeshua answered, “A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 31 By chance a certain priest was going down that way. When he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 In the same way a Levite also, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33 But a certain Samaritan, as he traveled, came where he was. When he saw him, he was moved with compassion, 34 came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. He set him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, gave them to the host, and said to him, ‘Take care of him. Whatever you spend beyond that, I will repay you when I return.’ 36 Now which of these three do you think seemed to be a neighbor to him who fell among the robbers?” 37 He said, “He who showed mercy on him.” Then Yeshua said to him, “Go and do likewise.”

John 13:34 A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you also love one another. 35 By this everyone will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another.”

John 15:12 “This is my commandment, that you love one another, even as I have loved you. 13 Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends. 14 You are my friends if you do whatever I command you.

Romans 13:7 Therefore give everyone what you owe: if you owe taxes, pay taxes; if customs, then customs; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor. 8 Owe no one anything, except to love one another; for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law. 9 For the commandments, “You will not commit adultery,” “You will not murder,” “You will not steal,” “You will not covet,” and whatever other commandments there are, are all summed up in this saying, namely, “You will love your neighbor as yourself.” 10 Love doesn’t harm a neighbor. Love therefore is the fulfillment of the law.

Galatians 5:13 For you, brothers, were called for freedom. Only don’t use your freedom an an opportunity for the flesh, but through love be servants to one another. 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, in this: “You will love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 But if you bite and devour one another, be careful that you don’t consume one another.

2:1 My brothers, don’t hold the faith of our glorious Lord Yeshua the Messiah with partiality. 2 For if a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, comes into your synagogue, and a poor man in filthy clothing also comes in, 3 and you pay special attention to him who wears the fine clothing and say, “Sit here in a good place;” and you tell the poor man, “Stand there,” or “Sit by my footstool” 4 haven’t you shown discrimination among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts? 5 Listen, my beloved brothers. Didn’t Elohim choose those who are poor in this world to be rich in faith and heirs of the Reign which he promised to those who love him? 6 But you have dishonored the poor man. Don’t the rich oppress you and personally drag you before the courts? 7 Don’t they blaspheme the honorable name by which you are called? 8 However, if you fulfill the royal law according to the Scripture, “You will love your neighbor as yourself,” (cf. Leviticus 19:18) you do well. 9 But if you show partiality, you commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors. 10 For whoever keeps the whole law, and yet stumbles in one point, he has become guilty of all. 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” (cf. Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18) also said, “Do not commit murder.” (cf. Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 5:17) Now if you do not commit adultery but do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. 12 So speak and so do as men who are to be judged by the law of freedom. 13 For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment. 14 What good is it, my brothers, if a man says he has faith, but has no works? Can faith save him? 15 And if a brother or sister is naked and in lack of daily food, 16 and one of you tells them, “Go in peace. Be warmed and filled;” yet you didn’t give them the things the body needs, what good is it? 17 Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead in itself. 18 Yes, a man will say, “You have faith, and I have works.” Show me your faith without works, and I will show you my faith by my works.

Leviticus 19:19 (Apostolic Bible Polyglot by Charles VanderPool) My law you will guard. Your cattle you will not mate unequally yoked. And in your vineyard you will not scatter abroad diverse seed. And a garment of two materials being woven commingled you will not put upon yourself.

2 Corinthians 6:14 Don’t be unequally yoked with unbelievers, for what fellowship do righteousness and iniquity have? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness? 15 What agreement does Messiah have with Belial? Or what portion does a believer have with an unbeliever? 16 What agreement does a temple of Elohim have with idols? For you are a temple of the living Elohim. Even as Elohim said, “I will dwell in them and walk in them. I will be their Elohim and they will be my people.” 17 Therefore Come out from among them, and be separate,’ says the Lord. ‘Touch no unclean thing. I will receive you. 18 I will be to you a Father. You will be to me sons and daughters,’ says the Lord Almighty.”

22:9 You will not sow your vineyard with two kinds of seed, lest all the fruit be defiled, the seed which you have sown, and the increase of the vineyard. 10 You will not plow with an ox and a donkey together. 11 You will not wear clothes of wool and linen woven together.

Leviticus 21:4 He will not defile himself, being a chief man among his people, to profane himself. 5 They will not shave their heads or shave off the corner of their beards or make any cuttings in their flesh.

Deuteronomy 14:1 You are the sons of YHWH your Elohim. You will not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead. 2 For you are a holy people to YHWH your Elohim, and YHWH has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who are on the face of the land.

Jeremiah 16:5 For YHWH says, “Don’t enter into the house of mourning. Don’t go to lament. Don’t bemoan them, for I have taken away my peace from this people,” says YHWH, “even loving kindness and tender mercies. 6 Both great and small will die in this land. They will not be buried. Men won’t lament for them, cut themselves, or make themselves bald for them.

23:21 The king commanded all the people, saying, “Keep the Pesach to YHWH your Elohim, as it is written in this book of the covenant.” 22 Surely there was not kept such a Pesach from the days of the judges who judged Israel, nor in all the days of the kings of Israel, nor of the kings of Judah; 23 but in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, this Pesach was kept to YHWH in Jerusalem. 24 Moreover, Josiah removed those who had familiar spirits, the wizards, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might confirm the words of the Torah which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in YHWH’s house. 25 There was no king like him before him, who turned to YHWH with all his heart, and with all his soul, and with all his might, according to all the Torah of Moses; and there was none like him who arose after him.

45:9 ‘The Lord YHWH says: “Enough you, princes of Israel! Remove violence and plunder, and execute justice and righteousness! Stop dispossessing my people!” says the Lord YHWH. 10 “You will have just balances, a just ephah, and a just bath. 11 The ephah and the bath will be of one measure, that the bath may contain one tenth of a homer, and the ephah one tenth of a homer. Its measure will be the same as the homer. 12 The shekel will be twenty gerahs. Twenty shekels plus twenty-five shekels plus fifteen shekels will be your mina.”

Proverbs 11:1 A false balance is an abomination to YHWH, but accurate weights are his delight.

Proverbs 16:11 Honest balances and scales are YHWH’s; all the weights in the bag are his work.

Proverbs 20:10 Differing weights and differing measures, both of them alike are an abomination to YHWH.

Leviticus 20:1-5 (LXX); Jubilees 30:7-10; Leviticus 20:1-5 (Targum) (T)

Septuagint (LXX) Leviticus 20:1 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 Thou shalt also say to the sons of Israel, If there will be any of the sons of Israel, or of those who have become proselytes in Israel, who will give of his semen to [a chief god],^(APB) let him be surely put to death; the nation upon the land will stone him with stones. 3 And I will set my face against that man, and will cut him off from his people, because he has given of his semen to [a chief god],^(APB) to defile my sanctuary, and profane the name of them that are consecrated to me. 4 And if the natives of the land should in anywise overlook that man in giving of his semen to [a chief god],^(APB) so as not to put him to death; 5 then will I set my face against that man and his family, and I will destroy him, and all who have been of one mind with him, so that he should go a whoring to the [ruling elohim]^(APB) of their people.

Jubilees 30:7 And if there is any man who wisheth in Israel to give his daughter or his sister to any man who is of the seed of the Nations he will surely die, and they will stone him with stones; for he hath wrought shame in Israel; and they will burn the woman with fire, because she hath dishonoured the name of the house of her father, and she will be rooted out of Israel. 8. And let not an adulteress and no uncleanness be found in Israel throughout all the days of the generations of the land; for Israel is holy unto the Lord, and every man who hath defiled (it) will surely die: they will stone him with stones. 9. For thus hath it been ordained and written in the heavenly tables regarding all the seed of Israel: he who defileth (it) will surely die, and he will be stoned with stones. 10. And to this law there is no limit of days, and no forgiveness, nor any atonement: but the man who hath defiled his daughter will be rooted out in the midst of all Israel, because he hath given of his seed to Moloch, and wrought impiously so as to defile it.

Jerusalem Targum 20:1 And the Lord spake with Mosheh, saying: And with the sons of Israel speak thou, to say: A man of the family of the sons of Israel, whether young or old, who will make (an offering) of his seed unto Molek to be burned in the fire, will be verily put to death: the people of the house of Israel will punish his guilt by the infliction of stones; and I will cause a reverse, to make prosperity to cease with that man, and will cut him off from among his people; because he gave his seed in strange worship to pollute My sanctuary and to profane My holy Name. And if the people of the house of Israel hiding hide their eyes from that man, when he giveth his seed unto strange worship, that they might not kill him, then will I appoint a reverse, to make a controversy against that man, and against his family who protect (cover) him, to chastise (them) with afflictions; and him will I destroy, and all who follow him to wander after strange worship, from among their people.

Leviticus 18:21 21 You will not give your seed to be made to cross over to Molek. You will not profane the name of your Elohim. I am YHWH.

2 Kings 16:3 But he walked in the way of the kings of Israel, and even made his son to pass through the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom YHWH cast out from before the sons of Israel.

2 Kings 23:10 He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the Son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molek.

Don’t commit adultery.

Deuteronomy 22:22 If a man is found lying with a woman married to a husband, then they will both die, the man who lay with the woman and the woman. So you will remove the evil from Israel.

Proverbs 6:32 He who commits adultery with a woman is void of understanding. He who does it destroys his own soul. 33 He will get wounds and dishonor. His reproach will not be wiped away. 34 For zeal arouses the fury of the husband. He won’t spare in the day of vengeance. 35 He won’t regard any ransom, neither will he rest content, though you give many gifts.

Some ancient texts include John 7:53 – 8:11, but put brackets around it to indicate that the textual critics had less confidence that this was original.

7:53 Everyone went to his own house, 8:1 but Yeshua went to the Mount of Olives. 2 Now very early in the morning, he came again into the temple, and all the people came to him. He sat down and taught them. 3 The scribes and the Pharisees brought a woman taken in adultery. Having set her in the middle, 4 they told him, “Rabbi, we found this wife in adultery, in the very act. 5 Now in our Torah, Moses commanded us to stone such women (cf. Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22) What then do you say about her?” 6 They said this testing him, that they might have something to accuse him of. But Yeshua stooped down and wrote on the ground with his finger. 7 But when they continued asking him, he looked up and said to them, “He who is without sin among you, let him throw the first stone at her.” 8 Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground with his finger. 9 They, when they heard it, being convicted by their conscience, went out one by one, beginning from the oldest, even to the last. Yeshua was left alone with the woman where she was, in the middle. 10 Yeshua, standing up, saw her and said, “Woman, where are your accusers? Did no one condemn you?” 11 She said, “No one, Lord.” Yeshua said, “Neither do I condemn you. Go your way. From now on, sin no more.”

Deuteronomy 22:13 If any man takes a woman, and goes in to her, hates her, 14 places on her actions of words, gives her a bad name, and says, “I took this wife, and when I came near to her, I didn’t find in her virginity;” 15 then the young lady’s father and mother will take and bring the young lady’s virginity to the elders of the city in the gate. 16 The young lady’s father will tell the elders, “I gave my daughter to this man as his wife, and he hates her. 17 Behold, he has placed actions of words, saying, ‘I didn’t find in your daughter’s virginity;’ and yet these are my daughter’s virginity.” They will spread the cloth before the elders of the city. 18 The elders of that city will take the man and chastise him. 19 They will fine him one hundred shekels of silver, and give them to the father of the young lady, because he has given a bad name to a virgin of Israel. She will be his wife. He may not put her away all his days. 20 But if this word is true, that the virginity was not found in the young lady, 21 then they will bring out the young lady to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city will stone her to death with stones, because she has done folly in Israel, to whore in her father’s house. So you will remove the evil from among you.

Deuteronomy 24:1 When a man takes a woman and marries her, then it will be, if she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found a word of nakedness in her, that he will write her a certificate of divorce, put it in her hand, and send her out of his house. 2 When she has departed out of his house, she may go and be another man’s wife. 3 If the latter husband hates her, and write her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house; or if the latter husband dies, who took her to be his wife; 4 her former husband, who sent her away, may not take her again to be his wife after she is defiled; for that would be an abomination to YHWH. You will not cause the land to sin, which YHWH your Elohim gives you for an inheritance.

Matthew 5:31 It was also said, ‘Whoever will put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorce,’ 32 but I tell you that whoever puts away his wife, except for the word of fornication (cf. Deuteronomy 22:20), makes her an adulteress; and whoever marries her when she is put away commits adultery.

Mark 10:1 He arose from there and came into the borders of Judea and beyond the Jordan. Multitudes came together to him again. As he usually did, he was again teaching them. 2 Pharisees came to him testing him, and asked him, “Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?” 3 He answered, “What did Moses command you?” 4 They said, “Moses allowed a certificate of divorce to be written, and to divorce her.” 5 But Yeshua said to them, “For your hardness of heart, he wrote you this commandment. 6 But from the beginning of the creation, Elohim made them male and female. 7 For this cause a man will leave his father and mother, and will join to his wife, 8 and the two will become one flesh, so that they are no longer two, but one flesh. 9 What therefore Elohim has joined together, let no man separate.” 10 In the house, his disciples asked him again about the same matter. 11 He said to them, “Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her. 12 If a woman herself divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.”

18:6 None of you will approach any near kin of his flesh, to uncover nakedness. I am YHWH. 7 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father, nor the nakedness of your mother: she is your mother. You will not uncover her nakedness. 8 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife. It is your father’s nakedness. 9 You will not uncover the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father, or the daughter of your mother, born at home or born abroad. Their nakedness you will not uncover. 10 You will not uncover the nakedness of your son’s daughter, or of your daughter’s daughter, even their nakedness; for theirs is your own nakedness. 11 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife’s daughter, near kindred of your father, she is your sister. 12 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father’s sister. She is your father’s near kin. 13 You will not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, for she is your mother’s near kin. 14 You will not uncover the nakedness of your father’s brother. You will not approach his wife. She is your aunt. 15 You will not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law. She is your son’s wife. You will not uncover her nakedness. 16 You will not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s wife. It is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You will not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter. You will not take her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter, to uncover her nakedness. They are near kinswomen. It is wickedness. 18 You will not take a woman to her sister as an enemy to uncover her nakedness while her sister is still alive. 19 You will not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness, as long as she is separate by her uncleanness. 20 You will not give copulation for seed to your fellow’s wife, and be unclean with her. 21 You will not give your seed to be made to cross over to Molek. You will not profane the name of your Elohim. I am YHWH. 22 With a male you will not lie on a woman’s bed, it is detestable. 23 And with any beast you will not give your copulation for uncleanness with it, and a woman will not stand before a beast to be squared on hands and knees. This is perversion. 24 Don’t make yourselves unclean in any of these things; for in all these the nations which I am casting out before you are unclean.

22:19 Whoever lies down with a beast will surely be put to death.

Matthew 14:3 For Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife. 4 For John said to him, “It is not lawful for you to have her.”

Mark 6:18 For Herod himself had sent out and arrested John and bound him in prison for the sake of Herodias, his brother Philip’s wife, for he had married her. 18 For John had said to Herod, “It is not lawful for you to have your brother’s wife.” 19 Herodias set herself against him and desired to kill him, but she couldn’t, 20 for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a righteous and holy man, and kept him safe. When he heard him, he did many things, and he heard him gladly.

4:1 Finally then, brothers, we beg and exhort you in the Lord Yeshua, that as you received from us how you ought to walk and to please Elohim, that you abound more and more. 2 For you know what instructions we gave you through the Lord Yeshua. 3 For this is the will of Elohim: your sanctification, that you abstain from sexual immorality, 4 that each one of you know how to control his own body in sanctification and honor, 5 not in the passion of coveting, even as the Nations who don’t know Elohim, 6 that no one should take advantage of and wrong a brother or sister in this matter; because the Lord is an avenger in all these things, as also we forewarned you and witnessed. 7 For Elohim called us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. 8 Therefore he who rejects this doesn’t reject man, but Elohim, who has also given his Holy Spirit to you. 9 But concerning brotherly love, you have no need that one write to you. For you yourselves are taught by Elohim to love one another, 10 for indeed you do it toward all the brothers who are in all Macedonia. But we exhort you, brothers, that you abound more and more; 11 and that you make it your ambition to lead a quiet life, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, even as we instructed you, 12 that you may walk properly toward those who are outside, and may have need of nothing.

1 Corinthians 6:1 Dare any of you, having a matter against his neighbor, go to law before the unrighteous, and not before the holy ones? 2 Don’t you know that the holy ones will judge the world? And if the world is judged by you, are you unworthy to judge the smallest matters? 3 Don’t you know that we will judge angels? How much more, things that pertain to this life? 4 If then you have to judge things pertaining to this life, do you set them to judge who are of no account in the assembly? 5 I say this to move you to shame. Isn’t there even one wise man among you who would be able to decide between his brothers? 6 But brother goes to law with brother, and that before unbelievers! 7 Therefore it is already altogether a defect in you that you have lawsuits one with another. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be defrauded? 8 No, but you yourselves do wrong and defraud, and that against your brothers. 9 Or don’t you know that the unrighteous will not inherit the reign of Elohim? Don’t be deceived. Neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor male prostitutes, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor slanderers, nor extortionists, will inherit the reign of Elohim. 11 Some of you were such, but you were washed. You were sanctified. You were justified in the name of the Lord Yeshua, and in the Spirit of our Elohim.

1 Timothy 1:1 Paul, an emissary of Yeshua the Messiah according to the commandment of Elohim our Savior and the Lord Yeshua the Messiah our hope, 2 to Timothy, my true child in faith: Grace, mercy, and peace from Elohim our Father and Messiah Yeshua our Lord. 3 As I urged you when I was going into Macedonia, stay at Ephesus that you might command certain men not to teach a different doctrine, 4 and not to pay attention to myths and endless genealogies, which cause disputes rather than Elohim’s stewardship, which is in faith. 5 But the goal of this command is love from a pure heart, a good conscience, and sincere faith, 6 from which things some, having missed the mark, have turned away to vain talking, 7 desiring to be teachers of the law, though they understand neither what they say nor about what they strongly affirm. 8 But we know that the law is good if a person uses it lawfully, 9 as knowing this, that law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the impious and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, 10 for the sexually immoral, for homosexuals, for slave-traders, for liars, for perjurers, and for any other thing contrary to the sound doctrine, 11 according to the Good News of the glory of the blessed Elohim, which was committed to my trust.

Leviticus 11:2 Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, ‘These are the living things which you may eat among all the animals that are on the land…”

Deuteronomy 14:3 You will not eat any abominable thing.

1 Samuel 28:6 When Shaul inquired of YHWH, YHWH didn’t answer him by dreams, by Urim, or by prophets. 7 Then Shaul said to his servants, “Seek for me a woman who has a familiar spirit, that I may go to her and inquire of her.” His servants said to him, “Behold, there is a woman who has a familiar spirit at Endor.” 8 Shaul disguised himself and put on other clothing, and went, he and two men with him, and they came to the woman by night. Then he said, “Please consult for me by the familiar spirit, and bring me up whomever I will name to you.” 9 The woman said to him, “Behold, you know what Shaul has done, how he has cut off those who have familiar spirits and the wizards out of the land. Why then do you lay a snare for my life, to cause me to die?” 10 Shaul swore to her by YHWH, saying, “As YHWH lives, no punishment will happen to you for this thing.” 11 Then the woman said, “Whom will I bring up to you?” He said, “Bring Samuel up for me.” 12 When the woman saw Samuel, she cried with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying, “Why have you deceived me? For you are Saul!” 13 The king said to her, “Don’t be afraid! What do you see?” The woman said to Saul, “I see an elohim coming up out of the land.” 14 He said to her, “What does he look like?” She said, “An bearded man comes up. He is covered with a robe.” Shaul perceived that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground, and showed respect. 15 Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me, to bring me up?” Shaul answered, “I am very distressed; for the Philistines make war against me, and Elohim has departed from me, and answers me no more, by prophets, or by dreams. Therefore I have called you, that you may make known to me what I will do.”

2 Kings 23:24 Moreover, Josiah removed those who had familiar spirits, the wizards, and the teraphim, and the idols, and all the abominations that were seen in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem, that he might confirm the words of the Torah which were written in the book that Hilkiah the priest found in YHWH’s house.

Amos 9:11 In that day I will raise up the tent of David who is fallen and close up its breaches, and I will raise up its ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old, 12 that they may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations who are called by my name,” says YHWH who does this.

Acts 15:16 After these things I will return. I will again build the tabernacle of David, which has fallen. I will again build its ruins.

Related Additional Readings​

Sirach 4:1-10 (T)

Sirach, or Wisdom of Sirach, and also known as the Book of Ecclesiasticus (abbreviated Ecclus.) or Ben Sira, is a work of ethical teachings, from approximately 200 to 175 B.C., written by the Jewish scribe Ben Sira of Jerusalem, on the inspiration of his father Joshua son of Sirach, sometimes called Jesus son of Sirach or Yeshua ben Eliezer ben Sira. The Sirach was almost completely uncovered in Hebrew in the Dead Sea Scrolls, at Masada, and the Cairo Geniza. The multiplicity of manuscript fragments uncovered in the Cairo Genizah evidence its authoritative status among Egyptian Jewry until the Middle Ages. Quotes from Sirach can be found in Rabbinic literature in multiple places  including the Talmud in Bava Kamma 92b:13 and Hagigah 13a:2. Additionally, the Gospels and other Apostolic Scriptures quote from the Book of Sirach including the Song of Miriam in Luke 1:52 (cf. Sirach 10:14); the description of the seed in Mark 4:5, 16–17 (cf. Sirach 40:15); the statement by Yeshua in Matthew 7:16,20 (cf. Sirach 27:6); and Ya’aqov (James) 1:19 (cf. Sirach 5:11).

4:1 My son, don’t deprive the poor of his living. Don’t make the needy eyes wait long. 2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject a suppliant in his affliction. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man. 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no occasion to a man to curse you. 6 For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, he who made him will hear his supplication. 7 Endear yourself to the assembly. Bow your head to a great man. 8 Incline your ear to a poor man. Answer him with peaceful words in humility. 9 Deliver him who is wronged from the hand of him that wrongs him; Don’t be faint-hearted in giving judgment. 10 Be as a father to the fatherless, and like a husband to their mother. So you will be as a son of the Most High, and he will love you more than your mother does.

16:1 Don’t desire a multitude of unprofitable children, neither delight in impious sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their condition: for one is better than a thousand, and to die childless than to have impious children. 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be made desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard mightier things than these. 6 In the congregation of sinners, a fire will be kindled. In a disobedient nation, wrath is kindled. 7 He was not pacified toward the giants of old time, who revolted in their strength. 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he abhorred for their pride. 9 He didn’t pity the people of perdition who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in like manner, the six hundred thousand footmen who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts. 11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is a marvel if he will be unpunished, for mercy and wrath are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out wrath. 12 As his mercy is great, so is his correction also. He judges a man according to his works. 13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the pious will not be frustrated.

19:1 A worker who is a drunkard will not become rich. He who despises small things will fall little by little. 2 Wine and women will make men of understanding fall away. And he who joins with prostitutes will be more reckless. 3 Moths and worms will have him as their heritage. A reckless soul will be taken away. 4 He who is hasty to trust is shallow-hearted. He who sins will offend against his own soul. 5 He who makes merry in his heart will be condemned. 6 He who hates talk has less wickedness. 7 Never repeat what is told you, and you won’t be lacking. 8 Whether it is of friend or foe, don’t tell it. Unless it is a sin to you, don’t reveal it. 9 For he has heard you and observed you, and when the time comes, he will hate you. 10 Have you heard a word? Let it die with you. Be of good courage: it will not burst you. 11 A fool will travail in pain with a word, as a woman in labor with a child. 12 As an arrow that sticks in the flesh of the thigh, so is a word in a fool’s belly. 13 Reprove a friend; it may be he didn’t do it. If he did something, it may be that he may do it no more. 14 Reprove your neighbor; it may be he didn’t say it. If he has said it, it may be that he may not say it again. 15 Reprove a friend; for many times there is slander. Don’t trust every word. 16 There is one who slips, and not from the heart. Who is he who hasn’t sinned with his tongue? 17 Reprove your neighbor before you threaten him; and give place to the Torah of the Most High. 18 [… …] 19 [… …] 20 All wisdom is the fear of the Lord. In all wisdom is the doing of the law. 21 [… …] 22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The prudence of sinners is not counsel. 23 There is a wickedness, and it is abomination. There is a fool lacking in wisdom. 24 Better is one who has small understanding, and fears, than one who has much prudence, and transgresses the law. 25 There is an exquisite subtlety, and it is unjust. And there is one who perverts favor to gain a judgment. 26 There is one who does wickedly, who hangs down his head with mourning; but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and making as if he were deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will be beforehand with you. 28 And if for lack of power he is hindered from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do mischief. 29 A man will be known by his look, One who has understanding will be known by his face, when you meet him. 30 A man’s attire, grinning laughter, and gait show what he is.

27:1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 As a nail will stick fast between the joinings of stones, so sin will thrust itself in between buying and selling. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly. 4 In the shaking of a sieve, the refuse remains, so does the filth of man in his thoughts. 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels; so the test of a person is in his thoughts. 6 The fruit of a tree discloses its cultivation, so is the utterance of the thought of a person’s heart. 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain her, and put her on like a tunic of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil. 11 The discourse of a pious man is always wisdom, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people void of understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful. 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is wantonly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand upright. Their strife makes others plug their ears. 15 The strife of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is a grievous thing to hear. 16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him; but if you reveal his secrets, you will not follow him; 18 for as a man has destroyed his enemy, so you have destroyed the friendship of your neighbor. 19 As a bird which you have released out of your hand, so you have let your neighbor go, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bound up, and after abuse there may be reconciliation; but he who reveals secrets has lost hope. 22 One who winks the eye contrives evil things; no one will remove him from it. 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words; but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who casts a stone on high casts it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 He who does evil things, they will roll back upon him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who rejoice at the fall of the pious will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die. 30 Wrath and anger, these also are abominations. A sinner will possess them.

The Wisdom of Solomon or Book of Wisdom is a Jewish work, written in Greek, and most likely composed in Alexandria, Egypt. Generally dated to the mid first century B.C. It is uncertain whether the book has a single author or comes from a school of writers, but recent scholarship has favored regarding it as a unified work. Fragments of the Wisdom of Solomon were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls in the first discovered and excavated cave at Qumran in 1949.

2:1 For they said within themselves, with unsound reasoning, “Our life is short and sorrowful. There is no healing when a man comes to his end, and no one was ever known who was released from Hades. 2 Because we were born by mere chance, and hereafter we will be as though we had never been, because the breath in our nostrils is smoke, and reason is a spark kindled by the beating of our heart, 3 which being extinguished, the body will be turned into ashes, and the spirit will be dispersed as thin air. 4 Our name will be forgotten in time. No one will remember our works. Our life will pass away as the traces of a cloud, and will be scattered as is a mist, when it is chased by the rays of the sun, and overcome by its heat. 5 For our allotted time is the passing of a shadow, and our end doesn’t retreat, because it is securely sealed, and no one turns it back. 6 “Come therefore and let’s enjoy the good things that exist. Let’s use the creation earnestly as in our youth. 7 Let’s fill ourselves with costly wine and perfumes, and let no Spring flower pass us by. 8 Let’s crown ourselves with rosebuds before they wither. 9 Let none of us go without his share in our proud revelry. Let’s leave tokens of mirth everywhere, because this is our portion, and this is our lot. 10 Let’s oppress the righteous poor. Let’s not spare the widow, nor reverence the gray hair of the bearded man. 11 But let our strength be a law of righteousness; for that which is weak is proven useless. 12 But let’s lie in wait for the righteous man, because he annoys us, is contrary to our works, reproaches us with sins against the law, and charges us with sins against our training. 13 He professes to have knowledge of Elohim, and calls himself a child of the Lord. 14 He became to us a reproof of our thoughts. 15 He is grievous to us even to look at, because his life is unlike other men’s, and his paths are strange. 16 We were regarded by him as worthless metal, and he abstains from our ways as from uncleanness. He calls the latter end of the righteous happy. He boasts that Elohim is his father. 17 Let’s see if his words are true. Let’s test what will happen at the end of his life. 18 For if the righteous man is Elohim’s son, he will uphold him, and he will deliver him out of the hand of his adversaries. 19 Let’s test him with outrage and torture, that we may find out how gentle he is, and test his patience. 20 Let’s condemn him to a shameful death, for he will be overseen according to his words.” 21 Thus they reasoned, and they were led astray; for their wickedness blinded them, 22 and they didn’t know the mysteries of Elohim, neither did they hope for wages of holiness, nor did they discern that there is a prize for blameless souls. 23 Because Elohim created man for incorruption, and made him an image of his own everlastingness; 24 but death entered into the world by the envy of the devil, and those who belong to him experience it.

to add them to the [hol]y food, for [they are] unclean […] mistresses of foreigners and as for all the fornication which [… which] he prov[ided] for himself, to feed them from all the offerings of the s[acred donations …] and for [a]ngelic food and to make acceptable atonement with them for I[srael …] their food is [… of] fornication, he has borne the sin for he has profaned al[l …] they […] guilt when they profaned […]

[he may gle]an it [but] they will [not] glean them […] [who] does not touch the drink of the general membership for these […] [he may glean] it but the figs and the shrubs […] their [drinks] he may bring out just [as] he squeezes (?) all of them, they may glean [in a state of ritual purity …]

Nonmembers and excommunicated members may not glean the fields, nor may members buy back produce illicitly gleaned by nonmembers.

[… a man who has not been brought [into the] covenant, and if they mock […] […] he may not redeem them from [any stra]nger, even so much as a date stone, until he en[ters …] [they may glean] in purity and […] their work […] Frag. 2 [… all of] them may glean in purity […] […] and each will glean […] any of the men of the Yahad […] […] purity […] […] clean […] […] unless […]

…As for the passage that says, “Take no vengeance and bear no grudge against your kinfolk” (Lev. 19:18) any covenant member who brings against his fellow an accusation not sworn to before witnesses or who makes an accusation in the heat of anger or who tells it to his elders to bring his fellow into disrepute, the same is a vengeance-taker and a grudge-bearer. It says only, “On his enemies Elohim takes vengeance, against his foes he bears a grudge” (Nah. 1:2).

If he kept silent day by day and then in anger against his fellow spoke against him in a capital case, this testifies against him that he did not fulfill the commandment of Elohim which says to him, “You will reprove your fellow and not bear the sin yourself” (Lev. 19:17).

[…] farmers until all […] […] put in your baskets and in your granaries all [… so that a man may not forget it, from time to time, study them and do not be silent […] […] for all of them will study at the right time, and each one according to his desire […] your […] will be found, indeed […] like a spring of living water that contains a […] your poverty do not mingle […] lest it become a case of “forbidden mixtures” (Lev. 19:19), like the mule, and you will become like a garment [of linsey-woolsey] or of wool and fax mingled; or your work might be like one who plows with an ox yoked to a donkey; or your produce might be like one who sows improper mixtures, of which the seed and the full yield and the produce of [the vineyard] should be holy […] your money with your body and your life, [all] will perish together, and in your life you will not find it […]

18. Concerning the planting of fruit trees which are planted in the land of Israel, their produce is to be considered as first fruits belonging to the priests. Also the tithe of the cattle and sheep belong to the priest.

22. Concerning [a clean] an[imal of an Israelite,] it is written that it is not lawful to breed it with another species.

23. Concerning the clothes [of an Israelite, it is written that] they must [not] be of mixed substances. Nor is it lawful for him to sow his field or [his orchard with two species of plants.] Because they are holy and the sons of Aaron are [most] holy. [But y]ou know that some of the priests and the people are intermarrying.] [They are] uniting and defiling the [hol]y seed [as well as] their [own] with forbidden marriage partners. Fo[r the sons of Aaron must …]

[…] [… fe]wness. Let no [man] decre[ase its price …] […] the tenth for […] [… the firstborn of man and the unclean animal […] [… you will redeem] the first born of man and the unclean animal [… also the first born of the o]x [and] the sheep. And as for the Temple, from […] [… i]t is as the firstborn, and the produce of a tree [… every fruit tree, the fig, the pomegranate, and the olive, in the fourth year [all its fruit will be holy …] the offering, every devoted thing [will be] for the priest.

Between 1947 and 1956 approximately 15 Jubilees scrolls were found in five caves at Qumran, all written in Hebrew. The large number of manuscripts (more than for any biblical books except for Psalms, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, Exodus, and Genesis, in descending order) indicates that Jubilees was widely used at Qumran. A comparison of the Qumran texts with the Ethiopic version, performed by James VanderKam, found that the Ethiopic was in most respects an accurate and literalistic translation. Scholars have dated Jubilees to have been written sometime around 160-150 B.C.

30:7 And if there is any man who wisheth in Israel to give his daughter or his sister to any man who is of the seed of the Nations he will surely die, and they will stone him with stones; for he hath wrought shame in Israel; and they will burn the woman with fire, because she hath dishonoured the name of the house of her father, and she will be rooted out of Israel. 8. And let not an adulteress and no uncleanness be found in Israel throughout all the days of the generations of the land; for Israel is holy unto the Lord, and every man who hath defiled (it) will surely die: they will stone him with stones. 9. For thus hath it been ordained and written in the heavenly tables regarding all the seed of Israel: he who defileth (it) will surely die, and he will be stoned with stones. 10. And to this law there is no limit of days, and no forgiveness, nor any atonement: but the man who hath defiled his daughter will be rooted out in the midst of all Israel, because he hath given of his seed to Moloch, and wrought impiously so as to defile it.

Josephus was born Joseph ben Mattathias in 37 AD in Jerusalem of a priestly and royal family. He excelled in his studies of Jewish law and studied with the Sadducees, Pharisees, and the Essenes, eventually aligning himself with the Pharisees. In 62 AD he went to Rome to free some imprisoned priests. After accomplishing this mission through the intercession of Nero’s wife, Poppaea, he returned to Jerusalem in 65 AD to find the country in revolt against Rome. Josephus shrewdly reinterpreted the Messianic prophecies. He predicted that Vespasian would become the ruler of the ‘entire world’. His prophecy became true in 68 AD when Nero committed suicide and Vespasian became Ceasar. As a result, Josephus was freed; he moved to Rome and became a Roman citizen, taking the Vespasian family name Flavius. Vespasian commissioned Josephus to write a history of the war, which he finished in 78 AD, the Jewish War. His second major work, the Antiquities of the Jews, was completed in 93 AD. The extant manuscripts of the book Antiquities of the Jews contain two references to Yeshua of Nazareth (18.3.3. and 20.9.1.) and one reference to the imprisonment and death of John the Baptist (18.5.2.).

3.12.1. As for adultery, Moses forbade it entirely, as esteeming it a happy thing that men should be wise in the affairs of wedlock; and that it was profitable both to cities and families that children should be known to be genuine. He also abhorred men’s lying with their mothers, as one of the greatest crimes; and the like for lying with the father’s wife, and with aunts, and sisters, and sons’ wives, as all instances of abominable wickedness. He also forbade a man to lie with his wife when she was defiled by her natural purgation: and not to come near brute beasts; nor to approve of the lying with a male, which was to hunt after unlawful pleasures on account of beauty. To those who were guilty of such insolent behavior, he ordained death for their punishment.